اروند

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian اروند (arvand).

Proper noun

اروند • (Ervend)

1. Tigris (a river in the Middle East)

   Synonym: دجله (Dicle)

2. Elvend (a mountain in Iran, near Hamadan)

Further reading

• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “اروند”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 70
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “اروند”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[3], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 75

Persian

Etymology

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾlwnd /⁠arwand⁠/, “swift, valiant; name of a river (literally "swift river"), perhaps the Tigris”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hárwants (“fast, quick; a racehorse, courser”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ér-went-s, from *h₃er- (“to move (swiftly), to spring”). Cognate with Sanskrit अर्वन्त् (árvant), Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬧𐬙 (a^uruuaṇt).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ʔaɾ.ˈwanð]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔäɾ.wǽn̪d̪]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔäɾ.wǽn̪d̪]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔäɾ.wǽn̪d̪]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔäɾ.wǽn̪d̪̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔæɹ.vǽn̪d̪̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔäɾ.vǽn̪d̪]

Readings
Classical reading?	arwand
Dari reading?	arwand
Iranian reading?	arvand
Tajik reading?	arvand

Noun

اروند • (arvand)

1. (obsolete) grandeur; pomp; magnificence
   • c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “The Tale of Rustam and Isfandiyār”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]‎^[4]:

     بدین چوب شد روزگارم به سر
     ز سیمرغ وز رستم چاره‌گر
     فسونها و نیرنگها زال ساخت
     که اروند و بند جهان او شناخت

     bad-īn čōb šud rōzgār-am ba sar
     zi sēmurğ w-az rustam-i čāra-gar
     fusūn-hā u nayrang-hā zāl sāxt
     ki arwand u band-i jahān ō šināxt

     My days were cut short by this piece of wood,
     From the Simorgh and the wily Rustam.
     It was Zāl who had woven spells and charms,
     For he knew the grandeurs and the snares of the world.

     (Classical Persian romanization)

Proper noun

اروند • (arvand)

1. Short for اروندرود (arvandrud, “the Shatt al-Arab River”).
2. (obsolete) Name of a river in Mesopotamia, traditionally but probably inaccurately identified with the Tigris.
3. (obsolete) Alternative form of الوند (alvand, “the Alvand Mountains”)