מ־

See also: מ, ם, ־ם, מ׳, and Appendix:Variations of "m"

Hebrew

Etymology

From מִן (min), by assimilation of the /n/ to the following consonant.

Pronunciation

• (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA^(key): /mi/

Preposition

מִ־ • (mi-)

1. From, of, from inside.
   1. Introducing a noun or other nominal.

      יצאתי מהחדר. ― yatsáti mehakhéder. ― I left [literally went out from] the room.

      מתי מגיעה הטיסה מתל אביב? ― matái m'gi'á hatisá mitel-avív? ― When does the flight from Tel Aviv arrive?

   2. Introducing a prepositional phrase or other adverbial.

      הכרתי אותו מלפני הרבה שנים. ― hikárti otó milifné harbé shaním. ― I've known him since many years ago [literally from before many years].

2. Than, more than.

   הוא יותר גבוה ממנה. ― hu yotér gavóa miména. ― He is taller [literally more tall] than she is.

   הוא גבוה ממנה. ― hu gavóa miména. ― He is taller [literally tall] than she is .

3. (in negative) Without, without the existence or presence of.
4. Because of, due to, for.

   רק מסיבה אחת הסכמתי: ביקשת. ― rak misibá akhát hiskámti: bikásht(a). ― For only one reason did I agree to: you asked.

5. Used to construe various verbs.

   ביקשו ממך גם? ― bikshú mimkhá/mimékh gam? ― Did they ask [literally ask from] you, too?

   כולם מפחדים ממנו. ― kulám m'fakhdím miménu. ― Everyone is afraid of him/us.

   ניסינו למנוע מזה לקרות. ― nisínu limnóa mize likrót. ― We tried to prevent it from happening.

   שכחנו מההצגה. ― shakhákhnu mehahatsagá. ― We forgot about the play.

Usage notes

• In writing with niqqud, the preposition מִ־ induces a dagesh khazak (gemination) in the following consonant, unless that consonant is a guttural one, and thus, does not accept dagesh (i.e. א, ה, ח, ע, or ר), in which case the preposition becomes מֵ־ (me-), except before חוט (khut, “thread”), חוץ (khuts, “outside”), היות (h'yot, “be”), where it remains מִ־. However, neither gemination nor the vowel change is ordinarily reflected in Modern Israeli Hebrew pronunciation.

Inflection

• מִ־ shares its inflected forms with מִן (min).

Inflection table

Non-personal-pronoun-including form				מִ־, מֵ־ (mi-, me-), מִן (min)
Personal-pronoun- including forms	Singular		Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Masculine	Feminine
First person	מִמֶּֽנִּי (miméni)		מִמֶּֽנּוּ (miménu)1, מאיתנו / מֵאִתָּֽנוּ (meʾitánu)
Second person	מִמְּךָ (mim'khá)	מִמֵּךְ (mimekh)	מִכֶּם (mikém), מִמְּכֶם (mim'khém)2	מִכֶּן (mikén), מִמְּכֶן (mim'khén)2
Third person	מִמֶּֽנּוּ (miménu), מִמֶּֽנּוֹ (miméno)3, הֵימֶּֽנּוּ (heménu)4	מִמֶּֽנָּה (miména) הֵימֶּֽנָּה (heména)4	מֵהֶם (mehém)	מֵהֶן (mehén)
Notes	1. מֵאִתָּֽנוּ (meʾitánu) is preferred over מִמֶּֽנּוּ (miménu) when there may be confusion with the third-person singular masculine declension, with which it is homonymous. 2. The forms ממכם and ממכן are somewhat informal. 3. The pronunciation מִמֶּנּוֹ (miménno) is colloquial. 4. The forms הימנו and הימנה are Mishnaic.

References

• “מ־” in Abraham Even-Shoshan (אַבְרָהָם אֶבֶן־שׁוֹשָׁן) et al., הַמִּלּוֹן הֶחָדָשׁ (ha-milón he-khadásh, “The New Dictionary”), Kiryat-Sefer Ltd. (קִרְיַת־סֵפֶר בְּע״ם)‎ (1984), →ISBN, volume 2 of 3 (ל to צ), →ISBN, page 611.