ты
Adyghe
editPronunciation
editNoun
editты • (tə)
Declension
editcase | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
indefinite | — | — |
nominative | тыр (tər) | тыхэр (təxɛr) |
ergative | тым (təm) | тыхэмэ (təxɛmɛ) |
instrumental | ты(м)кӏэ (tə(m)kʼɛ) | тыхэ(м)кӏэ (təxɛ(m)kʼɛ) |
invertive | тыу (təwu) | тыхыу (təxəwu) |
Synonyms
edit- адэ (adɛ) (Kabardian dialect)
Belarusian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Slavic *ty, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
Pronunciation
editPronoun
editты • (ty)
Declension
editsingular | plural | reflexive | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||||||
m | n | f | |||||||||
nominative | я (ja) |
ты (ty) |
ён (jón) |
яно́ (janó) |
яна́ (janá) |
мы (my) |
вы (vy) |
яны́ (janý) |
|||
genitive | мяне́ (mjanjé) |
цябе́ (cjabjé) |
яго́ (jahó) |
яе́ (jajé) |
нас (nas) |
вас (vas) |
іх (ix) |
сябе́ (sjabjé) | |||
dative | мне (mnje) |
табе́ (tabjé) |
яму́ (jamú) |
ёй (jój) |
нам (nam) |
вам (vam) |
ім (im) |
сабе́ (sabjé) | |||
accusative | мяне́ (mjanjé) |
цябе́ (cjabjé) |
яго́ (jahó) |
яе́ (jajé) |
нас (nas) |
вас (vas) |
іх (ix) |
сябе́ (sjabjé) | |||
instrumental | мной, мно́ю (mnoj, mnóju) |
табо́й, табо́ю (tabój, tabóju) |
ім (im) |
ёй, ёю (jój, jóju) |
на́мі (námi) |
ва́мі (vámi) |
і́мі (ími) |
сабо́й, сабо́ю (sabój, sabóju) | |||
locative | мне (mnje) |
табе́ (tabjé) |
ім (im) |
ёй (jój) |
нас (nas) |
вас (vas) |
іх (ix) |
сабе́ (sabjé) |
Carpathian Rusyn
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Slavic *ty, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
Pronoun
editты • (tŷ)
- you (singular)
Eastern Mari
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronoun
editты • (ty)
- Synonym of седе (sede)
- ты вер
- ty ver
- what's this?
Synonyms
edit- тиде (tide)
Etymology 2
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Particle
editты • (ty)
- emphatic particle
- ты вурседылеш вет
- ty vursedyĺeš vet
- (s)he is really arguing
References
edit- J. Bradley et al. (2023) “ты”, in The Mari Web Project: Mari-English Dictionary, University of Vienna
Komi-Zyrian
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Permic *tu̇, from Proto-Uralic *towe. Cognates include Hungarian tó and Tundra Nenets то (to).
Noun
editты • (ty)
Declension
editDeclension of ты (stem: ты-) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | ты (ty) | тыяс (tyjas) | |
accusative | I* | ты (ty) | тыяс (tyjas) |
II* | тыӧс (työs) | тыясӧс (tyjasös) | |
instrumental | тыӧн (työn) | тыясӧн (tyjasön) | |
comitative | тыкӧд (tyköd) | тыяскӧд (tyjasköd) | |
caritive | тытӧг (tytög) | тыястӧг (tyjastög) | |
consecutive | тыла (tyla) | тыясла (tyjasla) | |
genitive | тылӧн (tylön) | тыяслӧн (tyjaslön) | |
ablative | тылысь (tylyś) | тыяслысь (tyjaslyś) | |
dative | тылы (tyly) | тыяслы (tyjasly) | |
inessive | тыын (tyyn) | тыясын (tyjasyn) | |
elative | тыысь (tyyś) | тыясысь (tyjasyś) | |
illative | тыӧ (työ) | тыясӧ (tyjasö) | |
egressive | тысянь (tyśań) | тыяссянь (tyjasśań) | |
approximative | тылань (tylań) | тыяслань (tyjaslań) | |
terminative | тыӧдз (työdź) | тыясӧдз (tyjasödź) | |
prolative | I | тыӧд (työd) | тыясӧд (tyjasöd) |
II | тыті (tyti) | тыясті (tyjasti) | |
*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I. |
Possessive declension of ты | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Etymology 2
editFrom Proto-Permic *tu̇, from Proto-Uralic *täwe. Cognates include Finnish tävy and Hungarian tüdő.
Noun
editты • (ty)
Declension
editDeclension of ты (stem: ты-) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | ты (ty) | тыяс (tyjas) | |
accusative | I* | ты (ty) | тыяс (tyjas) |
II* | тыӧс (työs) | тыясӧс (tyjasös) | |
instrumental | тыӧн (työn) | тыясӧн (tyjasön) | |
comitative | тыкӧд (tyköd) | тыяскӧд (tyjasköd) | |
caritive | тытӧг (tytög) | тыястӧг (tyjastög) | |
consecutive | тыла (tyla) | тыясла (tyjasla) | |
genitive | тылӧн (tylön) | тыяслӧн (tyjaslön) | |
ablative | тылысь (tylyś) | тыяслысь (tyjaslyś) | |
dative | тылы (tyly) | тыяслы (tyjasly) | |
inessive | тыын (tyyn) | тыясын (tyjasyn) | |
elative | тыысь (tyyś) | тыясысь (tyjasyś) | |
illative | тыӧ (työ) | тыясӧ (tyjasö) | |
egressive | тысянь (tyśań) | тыяссянь (tyjasśań) | |
approximative | тылань (tylań) | тыяслань (tyjaslań) | |
terminative | тыӧдз (työdź) | тыясӧдз (tyjasödź) | |
prolative | I | тыӧд (työd) | тыясӧд (tyjasöd) |
II | тыті (tyti) | тыясті (tyjasti) | |
*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I. |
Possessive declension of ты | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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References
edit- Bubrikh, Dmitry V. (1949) Грамматика литературного коми языка [Grammar of the literary Komi language] (in Russian), Leningrad: Zhdanov Leningrad State University, page 7
- L. M. Beznosikova, E. A. Ajbabina, R. I. Kosnyreva (2000) Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], →ISBN, page 667
Mariupol Greek
editEtymology 1
editContraction of аты́ (atý), from Ancient Greek αὐτή (autḗ). Cognates include Greek αυτή (aftí) (contracted τη (ti)).
Pronunciation
editPronoun
editты • (ty) (emphatic form аты́)
Declension
editMariupol Greek personal pronouns | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||||||||
1st | 2nd | 3rd m | 3rd f | 3rd n | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | ||
nominative | го (ho) |
сы (sy) |
тос (tos) |
ты (ty) |
то (to) |
мис (mis) |
сыс (sys) |
тын (tyn) | |
oblique | мэ́на (ména) |
сэ́на (séna) |
то́на (tóna) |
ты́на (týna) |
мас (mas) |
сас (sas) |
тынц (tync) | ||
clitic | -ми (-mi) |
-сы (-sy) |
-тун (-tun) |
-тын (-tyn) |
-ту (-tu) |
-мас (-mas) |
-сас (-sas) |
-ц (-c) |
Etymology 2
editFrom Ancient Greek τί (tí). Cognates include Greek τι (ti).
Pronunciation
editPronoun
editты? • (ty?)
- what?
References
edit- A. A. Diamantopulo-Rionis with D. L. Demerdzhi, A. M. Davydova-Diamantopulo, A. A. Shapurma, R. S. Kharabadot, and D. K. Patricha (2006) “ты?”, in Румейско-русский и русско-румейский словарь пяти диалектов греков Приазовья, Mariupol, →ISBN
- G. A. Animica, M. P. Galikbarova (2013) Румеку глоса[1], Donetsk, page 4
Northern Mansi
editAlternative forms
editтыи (tyi)
Etymology
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
editPronoun
editты (ti)
Inflection of ты (ty) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative | ты (ty) | тыг (tyg) | тыт (tyt) |
dative | тын (tyn) | тыгын (tygyn) | тытын (tytyn) |
ablative | тыныл (tynyl) | тыгныл (tygnyl) | тытныл (tytnyl) |
instrumental | тыл (tyl) | тыгтыл (tygtyl) | тытыл (tytyl) |
translative | тыг (tyg) | ―― | ―― |
References
edit- Mansi Dictionary of Munkácsi and Kálmán[2]
Russian
editEtymology
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *ty, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic тꙑ (ty).
Pronunciation
editPronoun
editты • (ty)
Usage notes
editThe personal pronoun ты is comparable to French tu, German du, and is used only with family and intimate friends. In classical literature, it is used by superiors to their inferiors, but that usage is no longer tolerated (with the exception of the way adults speak to children, while the children are expected to use вы). For most occasions, the formal вы (vy) should be used instead. For more information, see Appendix:Russian pronouns.
Declension
editsingular | plural | reflexive | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||||||
m | n | f | |||||||||
nominative | я (ja) |
ты (ty) |
он (on) |
оно́ (onó) |
она́ (oná) |
мы (my) |
вы (vy) |
они́ 1 (oní) |
|||
genitive | меня́ (menjá) |
тебя́ (tebjá) |
его́ 2, него́ 2 3 (jevó, nevó) |
её 4, неё 3 4 (jejó, nejó) |
нас (nas) |
вас (vas) |
их, них 3 (ix, nix) |
себя́ (sebjá) | |||
dative | мне (mne) |
тебе́ (tebé) |
ему́, нему́ 3 (jemú, nemú) |
ей, ней 3 (jej, nej) |
нам (nam) |
вам (vam) |
им, ним 3 (im, nim) |
себе́ (sebé) | |||
accusative | меня́ (menjá) |
тебя́ (tebjá) |
его́ 2, него́ 2 3 (jevó, nevó) |
её, неё 3 (jejó, nejó) |
нас (nas) |
вас (vas) |
их, них 3 (ix, nix) |
себя́ (sebjá) | |||
instrumental | мной, мно́ю 5 (mnoj, mnóju) |
тобо́й, тобо́ю 5 (tobój, tobóju) |
им, ним 3 (im, nim) |
ей, ней 3, е́ю 5, не́ю 3 5 (jej, nej, jéju, néju) |
на́ми (námi) |
ва́ми (vámi) |
и́ми, ни́ми 3 (ími, ními) |
собо́й, собо́ю 5 (sobój, sobóju) | |||
prepositional 6 | мне (mne) |
тебе́ (tebé) |
нём 3 (njom) |
ней 3 (nej) |
нас (nas) |
вас (vas) |
них 3 (nix) |
себе́ (sebé) | |||
|
singular | plural | reflexive | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||||||
m | n | f | m or n | f | ||||||||
nominative | я (ja) |
ты (ty) |
онъ (on) |
оно́ (onó) |
она́ (oná) |
мы (my) |
вы (vy) |
они́ (oní) |
онѣ́ (oně́) |
|||
genitive | меня́ (menjá) |
тебя́ (tebjá) |
его́ 1, него́ 1 2 (jevó, nevó) |
ея́ 3, нея́ 2 3 (jejá, nejá) |
насъ (nas) |
васъ (vas) |
ихъ, нихъ 2 (ix, nix) |
себя́ (sebjá) | ||||
dative | мнѣ (mně) |
тебѣ́ (tebě́) |
ему́, нему́ 2 (jemú, nemú) |
ей, ней 2 (jej, nej) |
намъ (nam) |
вамъ (vam) |
имъ, нимъ 2 (im, nim) |
себѣ́ (sebě́) | ||||
accusative | меня́ (menjá) |
тебя́ (tebjá) |
его́ 1, него́ 1 2 (jevó, nevó) |
её, неё 2 (jejó, nejó) |
насъ (nas) |
васъ (vas) |
ихъ, нихъ 2 (ix, nix) |
себя́ (sebjá) | ||||
instrumental | мной, мно́ю 4 (mnoj, mnóju) |
тобо́й, тобо́ю 4 (tobój, tobóju) |
имъ, нимъ 2 (im, nim) |
ей, ней 2, е́ю 4, не́ю 2 4 (jej, nej, jéju, néju) |
на́ми (námi) |
ва́ми (vámi) |
и́ми, ни́ми 2 (ími, ními) |
собо́й, собо́ю 4 (sobój, sobóju) | ||||
prepositional5 | мнѣ (mně) |
тебѣ́ (tebě́) |
нёмъ 2 (njom) |
ней 2 (nej) |
насъ (nas) |
васъ (vas) |
нихъ 2 (nix) |
себѣ́ (sebě́) | ||||
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Related terms
editTundra Nenets
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Samoyedic *tëə. Cognates with Forest Enets тэ and Tundra Enets тэа.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editты • (ti)
Declension
editDeclension of ты (ti) (regular) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative | ты (ti) | тыхыʼ (tixih) | тыˮ (tiq) |
genitive | тыʼ (tih) | тыхыʼ (tixih) | тыˮ (tiq) |
accusative | тым (tim°) | тыхыʼ (tixih) | ты (ti) |
allative | тын (tin°) | тыхыняʼ (tixinyah) | тыхыˮ (tixiq) |
locative | тыхына (tixina) | тыхыняна (tixinyana) | тыхыˮна (tixiqna) |
ablative | тыхыд (tixid°) | тыхыняд (tixinyad°) | тыхыт (tixit°) |
prolative | тывна (tiwna) | тыхынямна (tixinyamna) | тыˮмӑна (tiqmăna) |
References
edit- Pyrerka, A. P., Tereščenko, N. M. (1948) Русско-ненецкий словарь [Russian–Nenets Dictionary], Moscow: Огиз, page 167
- N. M. Tereschenko (2005) “ты”, in Словарь ненецко-русский и русско-ненецкий, 3rd edition, Saint Petersburg: Просвещение, →ISBN
- Irina Nikolaeva (2014) A Grammar of Tundra Nenets, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, →ISBN, page 20
Udmurt
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Permic *tu̇, from Proto-Uralic *towe. Cognates include Hungarian tó and Southern Selkup то̄ (tō).
Permic cognates include Komi-Zyrian ты (ty) and Komi-Yazva тө (tå).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editты • (ty)
Declension
editsingular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | ты ty |
тыос tyos |
accusative | тыэз tyez |
тыосыз tyosyz |
genitive | тылэн tylen |
тыослэн tyoslen |
dative | тылы tyly |
тыослы tyosly |
ablative | тылэсь tyleś |
тыослэсь tyosleś |
instrumental | тыэн tyen |
тыосын tyosyn |
abessive | тытэк tytek |
тыостэк tyostek |
adverbial | тыя tyja |
тыосъя tyosja |
inessive | тыын tyyn |
тыосын tyosyn |
illative | тыэ tye |
тыосы tyosy |
elative | тыысь tyyś |
тыосысь tyosyś |
egressive | тыысьен tyyśjen |
тыосысьен tyosyśjen |
terminative | тыозь tyoź |
тыосозь tyosoź |
prolative | тытӥ tyti |
тыосытӥ tyosyti |
allative | тылань tylań |
тыослань tyoslań |
References
edit- L. E. Kirillova, L. L. Karpova, editors (2008), “ты”, in Удмурт-ӟуч кыллюкам [Udmurt-Russian dictionary], Izhevsk: Удмуртский институт истории, языка и литературы УрО РАН, →ISBN, page 666
- Yrjö Wichmann, Toivo Emil Uotila (1987) Mikko Korhonen, editor, Wotjakischer Wortschatz [Votyak Vocabulary] (Lexica Societatis Fenno-Ugricae; Volume 21) (overall work in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen Seura, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 260
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