Καῖσαρ

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• Τζαῖσαρ (Tzaîsar) — Byzantine

Etymology

From Latin Caesar.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /kâi̯.sar/ → /ˈcɛ.sar/ → /ˈce.sar/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kâi̯.sar/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈkɛ.sar/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈcɛ.sar/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈce.sar/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈce.sar/

Noun

Καῖσᾰρ • (Kaîsăr) m (genitive Καίσᾰρος); third declension

1. Caesar
2. emperor

Declension

Third declension of ὁ Καῖσᾰρ; τοῦ Καίσᾰρος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ Καῖσᾰρ ho Kaîsăr	τὼ Καίσᾰρε tṑ Kaísăre	οἱ Καίσᾰρες hoi Kaísăres
Genitive	τοῦ Καίσᾰρος toû Kaísăros	τοῖν Καισᾰ́ροιν toîn Kaisắroin	τῶν Καισᾰ́ρων tôn Kaisắrōn
Dative	τῷ Καίσᾰρῐ tôi Kaísărĭ	τοῖν Καισᾰ́ροιν toîn Kaisắroin	τοῖς Καίσᾰρσῐ / Καίσᾰρσῐν toîs Kaísărsĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸν Καίσᾰρᾰ tòn Kaísără	τὼ Καίσᾰρε tṑ Kaísăre	τοὺς Καίσᾰρᾰς toùs Kaísărăs
Vocative	Καῖσᾰρ Kaîsăr	Καίσᾰρε Kaísăre	Καίσᾰρες Kaísăres
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• Καισᾰ́ρειος (Kaisắreios)
• Καισᾰ́ρειᾰ (Kaisắreiă) / καισᾰ́ρηᾰ (kaisắrēă)
• Καισᾰρεών (Kaisăreṓn)
• Καισᾰ́ρῐος (Kaisắrĭos)

Descendants

• Greek: Καίσαρ (Kaísar), Καίσαρας (Kaísaras)
• → Coptic: ⲕⲁⲓⲥⲁⲣ (kaisar)
• → Gothic: 𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂 (kaisar)
• → Meroitic: 𐦲𐦢𐦯𐦫𐦢 (kisri /⁠kisari⁠/)
• → Aghwan: 𐕄𐔶𐕚𐔰𐕙 (ḳēsar), 𐕄𐔴𐕚𐔰𐕙 (ḳesar)
• → Old Armenian: կայսր (kaysr), կեսար (kesar)
• → Old Georgian: კეისარი (ḳeisari)
• → Russian: ке́сарь (késarʹ)

References

• “Καῖσαρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• G2541 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 1,004