Viking Link is a 1,400 MW HVDC submarine power cable between the United Kingdom and Denmark, which was completed in 2023. As of 2024[update], it is the longest land and subsea HVDC interconnector in the world.[1] The project is a cooperation between British National Grid and Danish Energinet.[2]
| Viking Link | |
|---|---|
 | |
 Map of Viking Link | |
| Location | |
| Country | Denmark, United Kingdom |
| Coordinates | 55°31′23″N 8°42′35″E / 55.52306°N 8.70972°E 52°55′49″N 0°13′14″W / 52.93028°N 0.22056°W |
| General direction | East–west |
| Passes through | North Sea |
| To | Bicker Fen |
| Ownership information | |
| Partners | |
| Construction information | |
| Construction started | 2019 |
| Commissioned | 29 December 2023 |
| Technical information | |
| Type | submarine cable |
| Type of current | HVDC |
| Total length | 765 km (475 mi) |
| Power rating | 800 MW (1,400 MW by 2025) |
| AC voltage | 400 kV (Jutland), 400 kV (Bicker Fen) |
| DC voltage | ± 525 kV |
Route
editThe cable runs between Bicker Fen in Lincolnshire, UK, and Revsing in southern Jutland, Denmark.[2]
The cable has a total length of 765 kilometres (475 miles), of which 650 km (400 mi) is undersea, passing through Danish, German, Dutch and British waters.[2] It crosses the 580 km (360 mi) long NorNed submarine power cable.
Specification
editThe interconnector is capable of transmitting up to 1,400 MW at 525 kV,[3] resulting in an annual transmission capacity of 12.3 TWh. The actual cable is made of copper, steel, paper and plastic and weighs about 40 kg per metre.[4] It is similar in capacity and length to the UK–Norway North Sea Link.
Project history
editIn November 2015 Viking Link was put on the EU "Projects of Common Interest" list, along with the COBRAcable between Jutland and the Netherlands, and the Krieger offshore wind turbine cable to Germany.[5]
In January 2017 Viking Link announced a €1.3 billion tender for seven contracts that detail all aspects of constructing and later maintaining both the land and sea components of the link.[6]
In March 2017 Fugro announced the completion of their contract to survey the seabed for the subsea section of the interconnector.[7]
According to some experts including National Grid's head of strategy the UK's decision to leave the EU can negatively influence the effort to link the UK power grid with the continent and may put planned interconnectors such as Viking Link on hold.[8] In reaction to the Brexit referendum Viking Link stated that the plans to build and operate the interconnector remain unchanged and that they consider the project unlikely to be influenced since it has a strong business case, while National Grid claims that leaving the internal energy market would jeopardize interconnector projects such as Viking Link.[9]
In July 2019 Viking Link announced three contracts totaling €1.1 billion, one with Siemens Energy for the two onshore substations and two for the manufacture and laying of the undersea cables to be done by Prysmian Powerlink S.r.l. and NKT HV Cables AB. Construction work was scheduled to start mid-2020 and expected to be complete by end 2023.[10]
In November 2019, it was announced that preparation work had started on the beach in Denmark.[11]
In December 2019, contracts were awarded for the UK onshore construction works.[12]
In July 2020, Viking Link announced that work had started on the 475 mile (765 km) interconnector.[13] Construction commenced with the building of an access road at Bicker Fen.[14]
In February 2021, Balfour Beatty started drilling work for the project.[15]
Land cables and submarine cables were installed between 2020 and 2023.
In 2023 the cable laying contractor Prysmian announced that the land cables and 870 km of the 1250 km dual subsea cable had been laid with the remaining 380 km subsea cable to be laid between April and July 2023.[16] The undersea section of the link was completed in July 2023.[17]
In August 2023 the cable including its terminations, land and subsea joints completed final electric testing at 735 kV, i.e. 40% above its nominal operating voltage.[18]
A new 400kV supporting power line in Denmark to increase internal transmission capacity (and reduce overhead power lines from 324 km to 145 km)[19] was delayed until late 2025.[20]
Commissioning of the subsea cable started during November and December 2023 and commercial operation commenced on 29 December 2023.[21] However, capacity was limited to 800 MW until the associated grid is completed in Denmark around 2025.[22][20] From 14 January 2024 the Danish transmission system operator Energinet implemented changes that allow Viking Link to transmit at its full capacity under certain circumstances. As such, from 15 to 19 January where the Dutch-Danish COBRAcable was undergoing maintenance, Viking Link was able to transmit at its full capacity.[23] In February 2024 the cable suffered an outage after a minor fire in a switching station in Revsing, Denmark.[24]
Economic impact
editThe cable will increase the UK's electricity interconnection level (transmission capacity relative to production capacity) from its comparatively low rate of 6% in 2014.[25]
The Viking Link connects the UK to the west Denmark bidding area (DK1) of Nord Pool Spot. An analysis in 2016 showed a DKK 5.6 billion overall benefit for the society using Viking Link, and a DKK 20 billion benefit for heat pumps in district heating. Combining the two yields a benefit of DKK 22.8 billion. By 2022 prices in Denmark were projected to rise by 15 DKK/MWh, and fall in England. The investment was estimated at 13.4 billion DKK.[26]
See also
edit
- Electricity sector in Denmark
- Electricity sector in the United Kingdom
- Energy in Denmark
- Energy in the United Kingdom
- List of high-voltage transmission links in Denmark
- List of high-voltage transmission links in the United Kingdom
- Triton Knoll, an 857 MW offshore wind farm under construction, also with an onshore cable linking to Bicker Fen
References
edit- ^ "National Grid's Viking Link interconnector recognised by GUINNESS WORLD RECORDS™ | National Grid Group". www.nationalgrid.com. Retrieved 2024-07-26.
- ^ a b c "Viking Link Interconnector". viking-link.com. Retrieved 2016-02-02.
- ^ "Viking Link Interconnector - 4C Offshore". 4coffshore.com. Retrieved 2016-02-02.
- ^ "Laying of world record power cable between the UK and Denmark now complete". viking-link.com (Press release). 2023-07-18. Retrieved 2023-08-07.[self-published source]
- ^ "Union list of projects of common interest" (PDF). European Commission. 2015-11-18. Retrieved 2016-04-25.
- ^ "€1.3bn tender launched for Viking Link". 4coffshore.com. 2017-01-20. Retrieved 2017-01-21.
- ^ Bergman, Amy (2017-03-09). "A vital link". Fugro (Press release). Archived from the original on 2017-04-18. Retrieved 2017-05-07.
- ^ Pell, Elza Holmstedt (2016-05-02). "UK energy links to Europe at risk from Brexit, analysts warn". EurActiv. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
- ^ "Viking Link and Brexit". viking-link.com. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
- ^ "Cable and converter station suppliers are announced". viking-link.com (Press release). Retrieved 2019-08-10.
- ^ "Preparation has started in Denmark". Viking Link (Press release). Retrieved 5 December 2019.
- ^ "National Grid and Energinet have chosen Balfour Beatty to become the civil works supplier for the UK's first ever subsea electricity interconnector to Denmark". Viking Link (Press release). 17 December 2019. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
- ^ "Viking Link: 475-mile underwater interconnector will give UK access to Denmark's clean energy". Sky News. 13 July 2020. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
- ^ "National Grid starts construction on Viking Link". Viking Link News Archive (Press release). National Grid / ENERGINET. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
- ^ "100 HDD Viking Link begins". Great Southern Press (Trenchless Australasia, Australasian Society for Trenchless Technology). 17 February 2021.
- ^ "Viking Link team completes the onshore cable installation". prysmiangroup.com. Retrieved 2023-05-04.
- ^ Laversuch, Chloe (19 July 2023). "Viking Link joins UK and Denmark power grids for first time". BBC News: Lincolnshire. BBC. Retrieved 2023-08-02.
- ^ "Final cable test complete for National Grid's Viking Link interconnector". viking-link.com (Press release). Retrieved 2023-09-20.
- ^ "Naboer inviteres til at komme med ønsker til 400 kV-linjeføring" [Neighbors are invited to make wishes for 400 kV line laying]. energinet.dk (in Danish). 2019-09-10.
- ^ a b "Så kom skovlen endelig i jorden til 172 km lang Vestkystforbindelse". energinet.dk (in Danish). 7 November 2023.
- ^ "NGVLL Message Detail". BM Reports. Retrieved 2023-12-04.
- ^ "Viking Link åbner med kapacitet på 800 MW". energinet.dk (in Danish). 15 December 2023.
- ^ "Nye tiltag sikrer højere kapacitet på Viking Link". energinet.dk (in Danish). 2024-01-11. Retrieved 2024-01-18.
- ^ Mollestad, Gert Ove (2024-02-05). "Viking Link (1,4 GW) ute av drift etter brann" [Viking Link (1.4 GW) non-operational after fire]. montelnews.com (in Norwegian). Retrieved 2024-02-08.
- ^ COM/2015/082 final: "Achieving the 10% electricity interconnection target" Text PDF page 2-5. European Commission, 25 February 2015. Archive Mirror
- ^ "Viking Link og andre tiltag for integration af vind" [Viking Link and other Initiatives for Wind Integration] (PDF). ea-energianalyse.dk (in Danish). 2016. p. 37+61+68. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-03-07.
