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Causes

The most common causes of splenomegaly in developed countries are infectious mononucleosis, splenic infiltration with cancer cells from a hematological malignancy and portal hypertension (most commonly secondary to liver disease). Splenomegaly may also come from bacterial infections, such as syphilis or an infection of the heart's inner lining (endocarditis).^[1] Splenomegaly has also been observed in Hemochromatosis patients^[2], possibly linked to Portal hypertension.

Splenomegaly grouped on the basis of the pathogenic mechanism
Increased function	Abnormal blood flow	Infiltration
Removal of defective RBCs spherocytosis thalassemia hemoglobinopathies nutritional anemias early sickle cell anemia Immune hyperplasia Response to infection (viral, bacterial, fungal, parasitic) mononucleosis, AIDS, viral hepatitis subacute bacterial endocarditis, bacterial septicemia splenic abscess, typhoid fever brucellosis, leptospirosis, tuberculosis histoplasmosis malaria, leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis ehrlichiosis Disordered immunoregulation rheumatoid arthritis Systemic lupus erythematosus serum sickness autoimmune hemolytic anemia sarcoidosis drug reactions Extramedullary hematopoiesis myelofibrosis marrow infiltration by tumors, leukemias marrow damage by radiation, toxins	Organ Failure cirrhosis Vascular hepatic vein obstruction portal vein obstruction Budd–Chiari syndrome splenic vein obstruction Infections hepatic schistosomiasis hepatic echinococcosis	Metabolic diseases Gauchers disease Niemann–Pick disease alpha-mannosidosis Hurler syndrome and other mucopolysaccharidoses amyloidosis Tangier disease Benign and malignant "infiltrations" leukemias (acute, chronic, lymphoid, and myeloid) lymphomas (Hodgkins and non-Hodgkins) myeloproliferative disorders metastatic tumors (commonly melanoma) histiocytosis X hemangioma, lymphangioma splenic cysts hamartomas eosinophilic granuloma littoral cell angioma

The causes of massive splenomegaly (>1000 g) are much fewer and include:

^ Kaiser, Larry R.; Pavan Atluri; Giorgos C Karakousis; Paige M Porrett (2006). The surgical review: an integrated basic and clinical science study guide. Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-7817-5641-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Felitti, Vincent J.; Baer, David (1999). "Hemochromatosis: A Common, Rarely Diagnosed Disease". The Permanente Journal,1999 / Vol 3, No 1.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[1] Kaiser, Larry R.; Pavan Atluri; Giorgos C Karakousis; Paige M Porrett (2006). The surgical review: an integrated basic and clinical science study guide. Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-7817-5641-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[2] Felitti, Vincent J.; Baer, David (1999). "Hemochromatosis: A Common, Rarely Diagnosed Disease". The Permanente Journal,1999 / Vol 3, No 1.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

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