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Tropical cyclones in 1994

During 1994, tropical cyclones formed within seven different tropical cyclone basins, located within various parts of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. During the year, a total of 124 systems formed with 91 of these developing further and were named by the responsible warning centre. The strongest tropical cyclone of the year was Cyclone Geralda, which was estimated to have a minimum barometric pressure of 905 hPa (26.72 inHg). The deadliest tropical cyclone was Typhoon Fred, which caused 1,248 fatalities in China, while the costliest was Tropical Storm Sharon, which caused an estimated $5.27 billion USD in damage after striking Hong Kong, China and the Philippines. Five Category 5 tropical cyclones formed in 1994. The accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index for the 1994 (seven basins combined), as calculated by Colorado State University was 1019 units.

Tropical cyclones in 1994
Year boundaries
First system01W (Akang)
FormedJanuary 4, 1994
Last systemChristelle
DissipatedJanuary 11, 1995
Strongest system
NameGeralda
Lowest pressure905 mbar (hPa); 26.72 inHg
Longest lasting system
NameJohn
(Second longest-lasting tropical system on record)
Duration31 days
Year statistics
Total systems124
Named systems91
Total fatalities3,733 total
Total damage$11.2 billion (1994 USD)
Related articles
Other years
1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996

Tropical cyclone activity in each basin is under the authority of an RSMC. The National Hurricane Center (NHC) is responsible for tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic and East Pacific. The Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC) is responsible for tropical cyclones in the Central Pacific. Both the NHC and CPHC are subdivisions of the National Weather Service. Activity in the West Pacific is monitored by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). Systems in the North Indian Ocean are monitored by the India Meteorological Department (IMD). The Météo-France located in Réunion (MFR) monitors tropical activity in the South-West Indian Ocean. The Australian region is monitored by five TCWCs that are under the coordination of the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BOM). Similarly, the South Pacific is monitored by both the Fiji Meteorological Service (FMS) and the Meteorological Service of New Zealand Limited. Other, unofficial agencies that provide additional guidance in tropical cyclone monitoring include the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC).

Global conditions and hydrological summary

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Summary

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Hurricane Gordon (1994)Hurricane Florence (1994)Hurricane Rosa (1994)Tropical Storm Debby (1994)Typhoon Fred (1994)Tropical Storm Beryl (1994)Hurricane John (1994)Typhoon Doug (1994)Hurricane Gilma (1994)Hurricane Emilia (1994)Tropical Storm Alberto (1994)1994 Bangladesh cycloneCyclone NadiaCyclone HollandaCyclone GeraldaCyclone Rewatropical cyclone basins

Systems

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January

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Cyclone Geralda
Tropical cyclones formed in January 1994
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
01W (Akang) January 4–5 55 (35) 1004 Philippines $2.4 million 45 [1]
07P January 6–8 55 (35) 1002 Solomon Islands None None
Daisy January 7–16 155 (100) 935 St. Brandon, Madagascar Unknown Unknown
Pearl-Farah January 10–21 155 (100) 960 Western Australia None None
Edmea January 13–19 95 (60) 976 None None None
Sarah January 22 – February 4 165 (105) 945 Vanuatu, New Caledonia Unknown Unknown
Quenton January 22–29 150 (90) 955 None None None
Geralda January 26 – February 8 205 (125) 905 Madagascar >$10 million 231 [2]
Sadie January 29–31 85 (50) 985 Northern Territory, Queensland None None

February

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Cyclone Theodore

February was an extremely inactive month, featuring only 4 systems, of which all were named. Hollanda was the first storm of the month, peaking as a Category-3 equivalent cyclone and causing strong wind gusts and heavy rainfall on the Mascarene Islands and causing 2 deaths. Ivy and Julita formed afterwards, with Ivy peaking as a Category-3 equivalent cyclone and Julita making landfall on Madagascar. Cyclone Theodore was the last and strongest storm of the month, crossing over into the South Pacific basin and peaking as a Category-4 equivalent cyclone.

Tropical cyclones formed in February 1994
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Hollanda February 6–14 155 (100) 940 Mauritius, Réunion $135 million 2 [3]
Ivy February 8–20 140 (85) 950 Rodrigues Minimal None
Julita February 15–18 55 (35) 995 Madagascar Minimal None
Theodore February 22 – March 3 215 (130) 910 Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia Unknown 1 [citation needed]

March

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Cyclone Litanne
Tropical cyclones formed in March 1994
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Kelvina March 5–11 85 (50) 985 Madagascar, Mascarene Islands Unknown 0
Litanne March 7–19 195 (120) 910 Madagascar, Mascarene Islands Unknown 0
Mariola March 10–19 115 (70) 966 None Unknown 0
Sharon March 12–22 195 (120) 930 Western Australia None None
Tomas March 19–27 155 (100) 955 Vanuatu, Fiji Unknown None
Nadia March 16 – April 1 175 (110) 925 Madagascar, Mozambique, Malawi $20.2 million 252 [4][5]
BOB 01 March 21–24 45 (30) Not specified None None None
Usha March 24 – April 4 95 (60) 980 Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia Unknown None
Tim March 28 – April 3 65 (40) 995 None None None
Odille March 30 – April 14 175 (110) 925 Mascarene Islands Unknown 0
Owen (Bising) March 31 – April 9 110 (70) 980 Caroline Islands, Philippines Unknown 10 [6]

April

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BOB 02
Tropical cyclones formed in April 1994
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Vivienne April 5–13 150 (90) 955 None None None
29P April 24–25 55 (35) 1000 Solomon Islands None None
Willy April 26 – May 1 95 (60) 985 Cocos Islands None None
BOB 02 April 26 – May 3 215 (130) 940 Bangladesh, Northeast India, Myanmar $125 million 350 [6][7][8][9][10][11]

May

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Typhoon Page

May was the least active month of 1994, featuring only 3 systems, of which only 1 was named. Typhoon Page, the first and strongest storm of the month, formed on May 12 and stayed out to sea, peaking as a Category-2 equivalent cyclone. Deling formed on May 25, causing 5 deaths in the Philippines. A tropical depression was the last storm of the month.

Tropical cyclones formed in May 1994
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Page (Klaring) May 12–17 130 (80) 965 Caroline Islands None None
04W (Deling) May 25–26 55 (35) 1004 Philippines None 5 [12]
TD May 27 Not specified 1004 None None None

June

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Hurricane Carlotta
Tropical cyclones formed in June 1994
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Russ (Emang) June 3–9 95 (60) 985 China $728 million 74 [12]
ARB 01 June 5–9 100 (65) 980 Western India, Oman None None
Aletta June 18–23 85 (50) 999 None None None
Sharon (Gading) June 21–25 75 (45) 996 Philippines, South China $5.27 billion 13 [12]
Heling June 25–29 Not specified 1002 Philippines, Vietnam None None
Bud June 27–29 75 (45) 1003 None None None
Carlotta June 23 – July 5 165 (105) 967 Socorro Island, Revillagigedo Islands None None
Alberto June 30 – July 7 100 (65) 993 Florida Panhandle, Alabama, Georgia $1.03 billion 32 [13][14]

November

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Cyclone Albertine
Tropical cyclones formed in November 1994
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Florence November 2–8 175 (110) 972 None None None
Depression November – 45 (30) Not specified Southern India None None
Gordon November 8–21 140 (85) 980 Central America, Cayman Islands, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Cuba, Turks and Caicos Islands, Bahamas, Florida, Georgia, Mid-Atlantic states $594 million 1152 [15][16][17][18]
Vania November 10–19 100 (65) 980 Vanuatu Minimal None
ARB 02 November 15–20 120 (75) 984 Somalia Unknown 30 [7]
Albertine November 23 – December 3 175 (110) 925 Mascarene Islands Unknown None

December

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Cyclone Annette
Tropical cyclones formed in December 1994
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Annette December 12–20 185 (115) 925 Western Australia Minor None
04P December 13–17 65 (40) 997 Fiji, Tonga Unknown Unknown
Axel (Garding) December 14–27 155 (100) 950 Caroline Islands, Philippines None 19 [19]
Bobbie December 18–26 95 (60) 985 Marshall Islands, Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands None None
Christelle December 27 – January 11 85 (50) 980 Madagascar, Mascarene Islands Unknown None
William December 30 – January 3 110 (70) 975 Cook Islands, French Polynesia $2.5 million None

Global effects

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Season name Areas affected Systems formed Named storms Damage (USD) Deaths
1994 Atlantic hurricane season 5 Southeastern United States, Mid-Atlantic states, New England, Bermuda, Lesser Antilles, Central America, Cayman Islands, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Cuba, Turks and Caicos Islands, The Bahamas, Southern United States, Mid-Atlantic states 12 7 ~ $1.93 billion 1,189
1994 Pacific hurricane season 5 Socorro Island, Revillagigedo Islands, Hawaiian Islands, Johnston Atoll, Aleutian Islands, Alaska, Baja California Peninsula, Southwestern Mexico, Western Mexico, Southwestern United States 22 20 $720 million 4
1994 Pacific typhoon season Philippines, Caroline Islands, South China, Vietnam, Taiwan, Japan, South Korea, Mariana Islands, Ryukyu Islands, Korean Peninsula, East China, Russian Far East, Wake Island, Marshall Islands 50 34 $8.14 billion 1,301
1994 North Indian Ocean cyclone season 4 Bangladesh, Northeast India, Myanmar, Western India, Oman, Pakistan, Somalia 8 4 >$240 million 722
1993–94 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season 2 6 Mauritius, Reunion, St. Brandon, Madagascar, Comoros, Mayotte, Mozambique, Malawi 11 10 >$165 million 495
1994–95 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season 3 6 Mauritius, Réunion, Rodrigues 3 2 Un­known Un­known
1993–94 Australian region cyclone season 2 Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Cocos (Keeling) Islands 9 8 Un­known 22
1994–95 Australian region cyclone season 3 Western Australia 1 1 Minor None
1993–94 South Pacific cyclone season 2 Solomon Islands, Fiji 5 3 None None
1994–95 South Pacific cyclone season 3 Vanuatu, Fiji, Tonga, Cook Islands, French Polynesia 3 2 $2.5 million None
Worldwide (See above) 124[a] 91 > $11.2 billion 3,733
  1. ^ The sum of the number of systems and fatalities in each basin will not equal the number shown as the total. This is because when systems move between basins, it creates a discrepancy in the actual number of systems and fatalities.

Notes

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2 Only systems that formed either on or after January 1, 1994 are counted in the seasonal totals.
3 Only systems that formed either before or on December 31, 1994 are counted in the seasonal totals.
4 The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone/basin are based on the IMD Scale which uses 3-minute sustained winds.
5 The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone/basin are based on the Saffir Simpson Scale which uses 1-minute sustained winds.
6 The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone/basin are based on Météo-France which uses wind gusts.

References

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  1. ^ United Nations Department of Humanitarian Affairs (1994-01-13). "Philippines Tropical Storm Akang Jan 1994 UN DHA Information Report 1". ReliefWeb.
  2. ^ Guy Le Goff (1994). "1993–1994 Cyclone Season in the South-West Indian Ocean". Météo-France. p. 42. Retrieved 2013-05-05.
  3. ^ United Nations Department of Human Affairs (1994). "Mauritius — Cyclones Hollanda/Ivy Feb 1994 UN DHA Situation Reports 1–5". ReliefWeb. Retrieved 2011-10-02.
  4. ^ Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters. "EM-DAT: The Emergency Events Database". Université catholique de Louvain.
  5. ^ UN Department of Humanitarian Affairs (1994). Mozambique: Cyclone Mar 1994 UN DHA Situation Reports 1 – 8 (Report). ReliefWeb. Retrieved 2012-08-12.
  6. ^ a b 1994 Annual Tropical Cyclone Report (PDF) (Report). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Retrieved May 20, 2019.
  7. ^ a b "Report on cyclonic disturbances over north Indian Ocean during 1994" (PDF). www.rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-03-31. Retrieved 2021-03-09.
  8. ^ Bangladesh – Cyclone May 1994 UN DHA Information Reports 1–4. United Nations Department of Humanitarian Affairs (Report). May 1994. ReliefWeb. Retrieved May 20, 2019.
  9. ^ "21 Bodies of Thai Fishermen Wash Ashore; Cyclone Toll is 285". Associated Press Worldstream. May 10, 1994. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
  10. ^ "Thai Survivors Of Cyclone Ready to Sail Home, Toll Up To 308". Associated Press. May 11, 1994. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
  11. ^ "Thai survivors of cyclone arrive from Bangladesh". Xinhua. May 16, 1994. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
  12. ^ a b c Bill Kyle (1995). "1994 Tropical Cyclone Summary for the Western North Pacific Ocean (west of 180 degrees)" (PDF). University of Hong Kong.
  13. ^ "Storm Data – July 1994" (PDF). National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved September 14, 2012.[permanent dead link]
  14. ^ Timothy C. Stamey (1995). Floods In Central And Southeastern Georgia In July 1994 (PDF) (Report). Atlanta, Georgia: Georgia Institute of Technology. Retrieved June 19, 2014.
  15. ^ Jamaica National Meteorological Service (1994). "Tropical Storm Gordon Preliminary Damage Assessment". Retrieved 2007-09-09.
  16. ^ Université Catholique de Louvain (2007). "EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database for North America". Archived from the original on 2007-06-21. Retrieved 2007-09-07.
  17. ^ "Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena with Late Reports and Corrections" (PDF). National Climatic Data Center. November 1994. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-02-11. Retrieved 2013-04-01.
  18. ^ "Heavy rain in Costa Rica leaves 6 dead" (GIF). United Press International. 1994-11-11. Retrieved 2013-04-02.
  19. ^ "New storm offers wet Christmas". Manila Standard. December 24, 1994. pp. 1, 3 – via news.google.com.
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