Timeline of condensed matter physics

This article lists the main historical events in the history of condensed matter physics. This branch of physics focuses on understanding and studying the physical properties and transitions between phases of matter. Condensed matter refers to materials where particles (atoms, molecules, or ions) are closely packed together or under interaction, such as solids and liquids. This field explores a wide range of phenomena, including the electronic, magnetic, thermal, and mechanical properties of matter.

This timeline includes developments in subfields of condensed matter physics such as theoretical crystallography, solid-state physics, soft matter physics, mesoscopic physics, material physics, low-temperature physics, microscopic theories of magnetism in matter and optical properties of matter and metamaterials.

Even if material properties were modeled before 1900, condensed matter topics were considered as part of physics since the development of quantum mechanics and microscopic theories of matter. According to Philip W. Anderson, the term "condensed matter" appeared about 1965.[1]

For history of fluid mechanics, see timeline of fluid and continuum mechanics.

Before quantum mechanics

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Prehistory

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Antiquity

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A piece of magnetite with permanent magnetic properties were noticed already in Ancient Greece

Classical theories before the 19th century

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19th century

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Schema of the classical Hall effect discovered in 1879, where a voltage is created perpendicular to the current in a circuit due to the influence of a magnetic field.

20th century

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Paul Drude, author of the Drude model in 1900. He understood that thermal properties of metals could be understood as a gas of free electrons.

Early 1900s

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Second half of the 20th century

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The liquid helium is in the superfluid phase. Discovered by Pyotr Kapitsa in 1938. First theoretically model with Ginzburg–Landau theory in 1950.
 
Graphene: a single atomic layer of graphite first produced in 2004.

21st century

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See also

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References

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