Svetly (Russian: Све́тлый; German: Zimmerbude; Lithuanian: Cimerbūdė) is a town in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the Sambia Peninsula on the coast of Vistula Lagoon, 30 kilometers (19 mi) west of Kaliningrad. Population: 21,441 (2021 Census);[6] 21,375 (2010 Census);[2] 21,745 (2002 Census);[7] 19,936 (1989 Soviet census).[8]
Svetly
Светлый | |
|---|---|
 Soviet Street | |
.png) Coat of arms | |
Location of Svetly  | |
  Svetly Location of Svetly .svg) Svetly Svetly (European Russia)  Svetly Svetly (Europe)  Svetly Svetly (Russia) | |
| Coordinates: 54°40′N 20°08′E / 54.667°N 20.133°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Kaliningrad Oblast[1] |
| Founded | 1640 |
| Town status since | 1955 |
| Elevation | 5 m (16 ft) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 21,375 |
| • Subordinated to | town of oblast significance of Svetly[1] |
| • Capital of | town of oblast significance of Svetly[1] |
| • Urban okrug | Svetlovsky Urban Okrug[3] |
| • Capital of | Svetlovsky Urban Okrug[3] |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (MSK–1  [4]) |
| Postal code(s)[5] | 238340, 238741 |
| OKTMO ID | 27725000001 |
| Website | xn--b1agmh1ai8d |
Geography
editThe town is located on the bank of the Kaliningrad sea shipping channel connecting Kaliningrad with the Baltic Sea.
History
editThe first mention of the predecessor settlement of Zimmerbude dates back to a 15th-century chronicle of the Teutonic Knights. However, even earlier, in a manuscript from Fischhausen of 1305, there is a mention of the peninsula of Payziev ("Poyzart" - the area in the forest Poyz), from which the Teutonic Knights invaded the Old Prussians' territory in the first half of the 13th century. The 15th-century castle, which originally belonged to the bishops of Sambia, has not survived. The modern settlement was founded in 1640. After the confiscation of church property the estate passed to Oswald von Taubenhaym, who owned it until 1661.
In 1669, the manor was given to Eberhard von Danckelmann, a former tutor of King Frederick I, as a reward. From the 18th century, the village formed part of the Kingdom of Prussia. Around 1720, the village comprised 16 estates, 12 peasants and about the same number of fishermen whose main occupation was fishing, mainly for their own needs.
After the castle ceased to exist for a long time villagers eked out a miserable existence of subsistence by fishing. Apart from a few acidified meadows they had no land, and therefore almost never held cattle. Their home were extremely cramped and dirty, smoke coming out of the centers through kamyshoyve roof sagged and a thick layer of soot on the walls through the kitchen. Long winter evenings in the huts burning torch, making the faces of the inhabitants were constantly black. Clothes spun, wove, and sewed himself. This adds another life flood, which were repeated from year to year.
Religion played an important role in village life: conducting religious rites, services, etc. For a long time there was no church in the village, so it belonged to the parish church of Medena (Logvino). But because of bad roads, the villagers could visit the church in Medena only a few times during their lives. Baptisms of children and weddings took place there, as well as major feasts when the weather was fine. The rest of the strongly expressed religious feelings of people meet as a church sermons, which were held in the school building. And from April 1, 1901 and Tsimmerbude with neighboring villages and Payziev Nepleken 1,500 residents formed their own church community and bought a small church, which two years earlier Medena built in Tsimmerbude as its branch.
From 1871, the village also formed part of Germany, within which it was administratively located in the province of East Prussia. In the 1920s, a new school was built and before World War II Zimmerbude was a rather busy, though small village. There was a shop, a restaurant, a bakery, and the "Valdshloskhen" inn, which name translates to "Forest castle house". The number of pre-war inhabitants was 742 people.
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1989 | 19,936 | — |
| 2002 | 21,745 | +9.1% |
| 2010 | 21,375 | −1.7% |
| 2021 | 21,441 | +0.3% |
| Source:[7][2] | ||
During World War II, no military operations took place directly on the territory of the present-day town of Svetly. The war ended for the village in April 1945, leaving no significant destruction, and it passed to the Soviet Union. In 1947 it was renamed Svetly. On June 17, 1947 by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR a rural council based in Svetly was founded as part of the Primorsky district. It was transformed into a workers settlement by the decision of the Kaliningrad Oblast Executive Committee No 758 of August 1, 1949. On October 6, 1955 by decision of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet the workers settlement was transformed into a town of regional subordination, which became a centre of the Svetlovsky Urban Okrug in 2008.
Administrative and municipal status
editWithin the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with ten rural localities, incorporated as the town of oblast significance of Svetly—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, the town of oblast significance of Svetly is incorporated as Svetlovsky Urban Okrug.[3]
Climate
editThe climate is influenced by the prevailing air mass with Atlantic Ocean to the mainland and is characterized as a transition to the sea with mild winters with little snow, relatively cold spring, moderately warm summers and warm wet autumn. Average annual air temperature - 6.8 °C (44.2 °F). The annual temperature range can reach large sizes - from + 35 °C (95 °F) in July - August to −33 °C (−27 °F) in January - February.
The average temperature in January - −3.4 °C (25.9 °F). There are 86 days per year with frost. Severe frosts are rare. The warmest period - the month of July, when the average temperature is 17.5 °C (63.5 °F). In general, unstable weather patterns and is associated mainly with a predominance of marine air masses with high repeatability accompanying Cyclones (storms).
Moist air masses coming from the Atlantic Ocean, cause high relative humidity, which is winter and fall 85-87 %, decreasing by early summer to 72-73 %. High humidity and a large cloudy significantly affect the features (reduction) of the Svetly regime.
During the year, is celebrated around 150 overcast and only 30 clear days. In an average year recorded 74 days with fogs, mainly fogs in winter. They are accompanied by drizzle, rain and snow. And annual rainfall of up to 700–750 mm (27.6–29.5 in) of rainfall, most of them in the warmer months. The maximum is in the month of August - up to 90 mm (4 in), at least - in February - March. In the winter months falls only 8-10% of annual precipitation. Snow depth is small - 13–18 cm (5–7 in).
The study area generally refers to the area of active wind activity. The wind regime is characterized by a predominance of winds south, western areas with a repeatability of 35%, as well as the southern and south -eastern areas with a repeatability of 23%. The average annual wind speed is 3.7 metres per second (12.1 ft/s). Has the highest rate of wind. In winter, its average speed is 5.5 m/s (18.0 ft/s). The number of days with strong winds (storms) at speeds exceeding 15 m/s (49.2 ft/s) up to 10–15 days.
Economy
edit
- "Lukoil - Kaliningradmorneft": oil terminal (storage, transfer of liquid petroleum products), steel plant (production of marine steel structures);
- JSC "Sodrujestvo -Soja" - deep processing of oil-bearing crops;
- JSC "Jantarenergo" (GRES - 2) - heat production;
- LLC «Vivo-Porte» - production of interior doors;
- OOO "Optim - Kran" - production gantry and bridge cranes;
- OOO "NPO Speckran" - production gantry and bridge cranes;
- OOO "Regio - Express" - passenger transport;
- Rybkolhoz "Za Rodinu" - fishing and fish processing;
- JSC "Svetly predprijatie "Era" - produces electrical work, repair of electrical equipment, electrical parameter measurements, ship repair river and maritime registers;
- OGUP "Zapremmash" - ship repair and manufacturing, fish processing equipment;
- JSC "Mezhkolhoznaja proizvodstvennaja baza" - ship repair, port services, maintenance and supply of the fishing fleet;
- JSC "Sudoremontnik Baltica" - ship repair, port services;
- JSC "BaltNafta" - handling of oil products;
- OOO "Kreon" - shredding fish canned;
Transportation
editThe station is located in svetly Baltic Forest Kaliningrad railway. The station belongs to a dead-end branch branched from the railway line Kaliningrad - Baltiysk. As of 2009[update] Svetly is not served by passenger trains. Distance to Kaliningrad - 27.5 km (17.1 mi), Khrabrovo Airport - 38 km (24 mi).
Sights
edit- Church of the Annunciation
- Temple of the Holy Great Martyr Barbara.
- Monument to Lenin.
- Monument to soldiers-internationalists.
- Monument to the liquidators of the Chernobyl accident.
- Church of the Apostles Paul and Gleb.
-
House of Culture and Monument to Lenin -
Monument to the liquidators of the Chernobyl accident -
Monument to soldiers-internationalists -
Temple of the Holy Great Martyr Barbara -
Park -
Kaliningrad Sea Canal and the port in Svetly
Notable people
edit- Eberhard von Danckelmann - Brandenburg statesman.
- Maksim Matveyev - Russian film and theater actor.
- Evans, Edgar Yanisovich - master of sports of international class rowing sports.
- Dmitri Rozinkevich - Honored Master of Sports of Russia.
- Bokhonov, Victor F. - Soviet and Russian actor of theater, film and dubbing.
Twin towns and sister cities
editSvetly is twinned with:
Former twin towns
edit
Świnoujście, Poland (terminated by Świnoujście city authorities as a response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine)[9]- Malbork, Poland (terminated by Malbork due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine)[10]
References
editNotes
edit- ^ a b c d e Resolution #639
- ^ a b c Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ a b c Law #423
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1 [2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1] (XLS) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ a b Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ "Świnoujście zrywa współpracę z rosyjskim miastem Swietłyj" (in Polish). Retrieved March 3, 2022.
- ^ "Malbork zrywa partnerstwo z rosyjskim Swietłyj, a narodowi ukraińskiemu śle wyrazy solidarności. To wspólna decyzja radnych i burmistrza" (in Polish). Retrieved May 3, 2023.
Sources
edit- Правительство Калининградской области. Постановление №640 от 30 августа 2011 г. «Об утверждении реестра объектов административно-территориального деления Калининградской области», в ред. Постановления №877 от 21 ноября 2011 г «О внесении изменения в Постановление Правительства Калининградской области от 30 августа 2011 г. №640». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Калининградская правда" (вкладыш "Официально"), №170, 15 сентября 2011 г. (Government of Kaliningrad Oblast. Resolution #640 of August 30, 2011 On the Adoption of the Registry of the Objects of the Administrative-Territorial Divisions of Kaliningrad Oblast, as amended by the Resolution #877 of November 21, 2011 On Amending the Resolution of the Government of Kaliningrad Oblast #640 of August 30, 2011. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
- Калининградская областная Дума. Закон №423 от 11 октября 2004 г. «О наделении муниципального образования "Светловский городской округ" статусом городского округа», в ред. Закона №370 от 1 июля 2009 г «О составе территорий муниципальных образований Калининградской области». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Российская газета" ("Запад России"), №236, 26 октября 2004 г. (Kaliningrad Oblast Duma. Law #423 of October 11, 2004 On Granting the Urban Okrug Status to the Municipal Formation of "Svetlovsky Urban Okrug", as amended by the Law #370 of July 1, 2009 On the Composition of the Territories of the Municipal Formations of Kaliningrad Oblast. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).