Pope John VII (Latin: Ioannes VII; c. 650 – 18 October 707) was the bishop of Rome from 1 March 705 to his death. He was an ethnic Greek, one of the Byzantine popes, but had better relations with the Lombards, who ruled much of Italy, than with Emperor Justinian II, who ruled the rest.
John VII | |
|---|---|
| Bishop of Rome | |
 Byzantine Mosaic of John VII, c. 705 | |
| Church | Catholic Church |
| Papacy began | 1 March 705 |
| Papacy ended | 18 October 707 |
| Predecessor | John VI |
| Successor | Sisinnius |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 650 |
| Died | 18 October 707 (aged 56 – 57) |
| Other popes named John | |
Family
editJohn was an ethnic Greek, a native of Rossano in Calabria.[1][2] His father, John (c. 620 – 686), was the curator of the Palatine Hill for the Byzantine emperor. This makes John the first pope to be the son of a Byzantine official.[3] His mother was called Blatta (c. 627 – 687).[3]
Pontificate
editJohn VII was selected to succeed John VI, another Greek, on 1 March 705.[4] He had good relations with the Lombards, who then ruled much of Italy. However, his relations with Emperor Justinian II were far from smooth. Papal relations with Byzantium had soured over the Quinisext Council of 692.[5] Scholarly debate contests John VII's stance on the canons.[6][7][8] He did not ratify them, and they were deeply unpopular in Italy. Nonetheless, he was criticized, most unusually, by the Liber pontificalis for not signing them:
He [Emperor Justinian II] despatched two metropolitan bishops, also sending with them a mandate in which he requested and urged the pontiff [John VII] to gather a council of the apostolic church, and to confirm such of them as he approved, and quash and reject those which were adverse. But he, terrified in his human weakness, sent them back to the prince by the same metropolitans without any emendations at all.[9]
John VII died 18 October, 707 and was buried in the Chapel of the Blessed Virgin Mary which had been added on to St. Peter's.[10] He was succeeded by Sisinnius.[5]
Legacy
editSeveral monuments in Rome are connected with John. The most notable is the Santa Maria Antiqua church at the foot of the Palatine Hill.[5] Traces of an episcopal palace Episcopium associated with John have been discovered upon the Palatine.[11] John VII also constructed the Oratory of John VII in Old St Peter's Basilica, dedicated to the Theotokos. Fragments of the mosaic decoration can be found in the Vatican Grottoes.
Furthermore, a sizeable icon, known as the Madonna della Clemenza and housed in Santa Maria in Trastevere, is believed to have been commissioned under the patronage of John.[12] He also restored the monastery of Subiaco, destroyed by the Lombards in 601.
Notes
edit
- ^ Murzaku, Ines Angeli (2009). Returning home to Rome: the Basilian monks of Grottaferrata in Albania. Analekta Kryptoferris. p. 47. ISBN 9788889345047.
Rossano, a town in southern Italy, which is probably the birthplace of another well-known Greek figure, Pope John VII who reigned in the See of St. Peter for two years (705–707)
- ^ Hare, Augustus J. C. (1883). Cities of Southern Italy and Sicily. Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 344–345. ISBN 9781406782127.
Pope John VII. (705–707) was a native of Rossano.
- ^ a b Kelly, J. N. D. The Oxford Dictionary of Popes. Oxford University Press, 1986, p. 84.
- ^ Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
- ^ a b c One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "John VII.". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 434.
- ^ Breckenridge, J. D. "Evidence for the Nature of Relations between Pope John VII and the Byzantine Emperor Justinian II". Byzantinische Zeitschrift, Vol. 65, 1972.
- ^ Nordhagen, P. J. "Constantinople on the Tiber".
- ^ Smith, J. M. H. (ed.). Early Medieval Rome and the Christian West. Leiden, 2000.
- ^ Davis, R. The Book of Pontiffs: the ancient biographies of the first ninety Roman bishops to AD 715. Liverpool University Press, 2000, p. 91.
- ^ Richard P. McBrien, Lives of the Popes, (HarperCollins, 1997), 117.
- ^ Augenti, A. Il Palatino nel Medioevo. Roma, 1996.
- ^ Nordhagen, J. P. "Icons designed for the display of sumptuous votive gifts". Dumbarton Oaks Papers, Vol. 41, 1988.
References
edit- Claudio Rendina, I Papi. Storia e segreti, Newton Compton, Rome, 1984.