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Parus

This article is about a bird. For the Ukrainian skyscraper, see Parus Business Centre. For the satellites, see Parus (satellite).

Parus is a genus of Old World birds in the tit family. It was formerly a large genus containing most of the 50 odd species in the family Paridae. The genus was split into several resurrected genera following the publication of a detailed molecular phylogenetic analysis in 2013.[1][2] The genus name, Parus, is the Latin word for "tit".

Parus
Great tit Parus major
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Paridae
Genus: Parus
Linnaeus, 1758
Type species
Parus major (great tit)
Linnaeus, 1758
Species

See text

Distribution of the species in the genus Parus. Parus bokharensis is now treated as a subspecies of P. major

Taxonomy

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The genus Parus was introduced in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae.[3] The genus name is Latin for "tit".[4] Of the 12 species included in the genus by Linnaeus, the type species was designated as the great tit (Parus major) by George Robert Gray in 1840.[5][6]

Species

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The genus now contains the following species:[2]

Genus Parus – Linnaeus, 1758 – three species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Great tit

 

Parus major
Linnaeus, 1758

Fifteen subspecies
 Europe
  		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 


Cinereous tit

 

Parus cinereus
(, )

Nineteen subspecies
  • P. c. decolorans Koelz, 1939
  • P. c. ziaratensis Whistler, 1929
  • P. c. caschmirensisHartert, EJO, 1905
  • P. c. planorum Hartert, EJO, 1905
  • P. c. vauriei Ripley, 1950
  • P. c. stupae Koelz, 1939
  • P. c. mahrattarum Hartert, EJO, 1905
  • P. c. templorum Meyer de Schauensee, 1946
  • P. c. hainanus Hartert, EJO, 1905
  • P. c. ambiguus (Raffles, 1822)
  • P. c. sarawacensis Slater, HH, 1885
  • P. c. cinereus Vieillot, 1818
  • P. c. minor Temminck & Schlegel, 1848
  • P. c. dageletensis Kuroda & Nm & Mori, 1920 )
  • P. c. amamiensis Kleinschmidt, 1922
  • P. c. nigriloris Hellmayr, 1900
  • P. c. tibetanus Hartert, EJO, 1905
  • P. c. commixtus Swinhoe, 1868
  • P. c. nubicolus Meyer de Schauensee, 1946
West Asia across South Asia and into Southeast Asia.
  		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 



Green-backed tit

 

Parus monticolus
Vigors, 1831 		Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Laos, Burma, Nepal, Pakistan, Taiwan and Vietnam.
  		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 




Fossil record

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  • Parus robustus (Pliocene of Csarnota, Hungary) [7]
  • Parus parvulus (Pliocene of Csarnota, Hungary) [7]
  • Parus medius (Pliocene of Beremend, Hungary) [7]

References

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  1. ^ Johansson, U.S.; Ekman, J.; Bowie, R.C.K.; Halvarsson, P.; Ohlson, J.I.; Price, T.D.; Ericson, P.G.P. (2013). "A complete multilocus species phylogeny of the tits and chickadees (Aves: Paridae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 69 (3): 852–860. Bibcode:2013MolPE..69..852J. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.06.019. PMID 23831453.
  2. ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David (eds.). "Waxwings and their allies, tits & penduline tits". World Bird List Version 6.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
  3. ^ Linnaeus, Carl (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 189.
  4. ^ Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 293. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  5. ^ Gray, George Robert (1840). A List of the Genera of Birds : with an Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus. London: R. and J.E. Taylor. p. 23.
  6. ^ Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1986). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 12. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 70.
  7. ^ a b c Kessler, E. 2013. Neogene songbirds (Aves, Passeriformes) from Hungary. – Hantkeniana, Budapest, 2013, 8: 37-149.

Further reading

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  • Gill, Frank B.; Slikas, Beth & Sheldon, Frederick H. (2005): Phylogeny of titmice (Paridae): II. Species relationships based on sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene. Auk 122: 121–143. DOI: 10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[0121:POTPIS]2.0.CO;2 HTML abstract


 

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