Myanmar–Turkey relations are the foreign relations between Myanmar and Turkey. Turkey has an embassy in Naypyidaw and Myanmar's ambassador in Cairo, Egypt is also accredited to Turkey.[1]
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Diplomatic relations
editRelations were tense between Myanmar and Turkey because of Turkey's support for the Kuomintang in Taiwan.[2] Burma had hostile relations with Taiwan and intercepted a cargo plane from Taiwan bringing Turkish and American supplies to the Kuomintang.[2] This caused a new diplomatic crisis between Turkey and Burma.[2] Relations improved afterward and were amicable.
Relations became very tense[3] in 1988 after Tatmadaw’s very violent crackdown[4] on peaceful civilian demonstrators.[3] Aung San Suu Kyi gained admiration and sympathy in Turkey during as a result of Tatmadaw’s actions.[5] Turkey subsequently suspended[6] its aid programs except for humanitarian aid.[7] Turkey was very critical of Aung San Suu Kyi's house arrest and collaborated with United States Secretary of State Madeleine Albright, who took a personal interest in her wellbeing.[6]
Economic relations
edit- Trade volume between the two countries was 38.7 million USD in 2018 (Turkish exports/imports: 30.7/8 million USD).[8]
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ "Relations between Turkey and Myanmar". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey.
- ^ a b c Cady, John F. The United States and Burma. The American Foreign Policy Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1976.
- ^ a b Renard, Ronald D. “For the Fair Name of Myanmar: They Are Being Blotted out of Burma's History.” In Burma: Myanmar in the Twenty-First Century— Dynamics of Continuity and Change. Edited by John J. Brandon. Bangkok: Thai Studies Section, Chulalongkorn University, 1997.
- ^ Gravers, Mikael. Nationalism as Political Paranoia in Burma. An Essay on the Historical Practice of Power. 2nd rev. ed. London: NIAS-Curzon, 1998.
- ^ “Myanmar in 1989: Tatmadaw V.” Asian Survey 30, no. 2 (February 1990): pp. 187–95.
- ^ a b Seekins, Donald M. The Disorder in Order: The Army-State in Burma Since 1962. Bangkok: White Lotus, 2002.
- ^ “Myanmar in 1990: The Unconsummated Election.” Asian Survey 31, no. 2 (February 1991): pp. 205–11.
- ^ "Turkey-Myanmar Bilateral Economic and Commercial Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey.
Further reading
edit- “Minorities in Burmese History.” In Ethnic Conflict in Buddhist Societies. Edited by K. M. de Silva et al. London: Pinter Publishers, 1988.
- “Myanmar in 1989: Tatmadaw V.” Asian Survey 30, no. 2 (February 1990): pp. 187–95.
- “Myanmar in 1990: The Unconsummated Election.” Asian Survey 31, no. 2 (February 1991): pp. 205–11.
- Cady, John F. The United States and Burma. The American Foreign Policy Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1976.
- Gravers, Mikael. Nationalism as Political Paranoia in Burma. An Essay on the Historical Practice of Power. 2nd rev. ed. London: NIAS-Curzon, 1998.
- Guyot, James. “Burma.” In Rethinking Political Development in Southeast Asia. Edited by Norma Mahmood. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: University of Malaya Press, 1994.
- Hall, D. G. E. Burma. London: Hutchinson University Library, 1960. Renard, Ronald D. “For the Fair Name of Myanmar: They Are Being Blotted out of Burma's History.” In Burma: Myanmar in the Twenty-First Century— Dynamics of Continuity and Change. Edited by John J. Brandon. Bangkok: Thai Studies Section, Chulalongkorn University, 1997.
- Seekins, Donald M. The Disorder in Order: The Army-State in Burma Since 1962. Bangkok: White Lotus, 2002.
- Taylor, Robert H. The State in Burma. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1987.
- Tinker, Hugh. The Union of Burma. London: Oxford University Press, 1959.
- Trager, Frank N. Burma: From Kingdom to Republic. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1966.