This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Puerto Rico. These are the mammal species in Puerto Rico, of which one is critically endangered, none are endangered, two are vulnerable, and none are near threatened. Two of the species listed for Puerto Rico are considered to be extinct.[1]
The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:
EX | Extinct | No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. |
EW | Extinct in the wild | Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range. |
CR | Critically endangered | The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild. |
EN | Endangered | The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. |
VU | Vulnerable | The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. |
NT | Near threatened | The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future. |
LC | Least concern | There are no current identifiable risks to the species. |
DD | Data deficient | There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species. |
Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of near threatened and least concern categories:
LR/cd | Lower risk/conservation dependent | Species which were the focus of conservation programmes and may have moved into a higher risk category if that programme was discontinued. |
LR/nt | Lower risk/near threatened | Species which are close to being classified as vulnerable but are not the subject of conservation programmes. |
LR/lc | Lower risk/least concern | Species for which there are no identifiable risks. |
Sirenia is an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit rivers, estuaries, coastal marine waters, swamps, and marine wetlands. All four species are endangered.
- Family: Trichechidae
- Genus: Trichechus
- West Indian manatee, T. manatus VU
- Genus: Trichechus
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (99 lb).
- Suborder: Hystricomorpha
- Family: Echimyidae
- Subfamily: Heteropsomyinae
- Genus: Heteropsomys
- Insular cave rat, H. insulans EX
- Genus: Heteropsomys
- Subfamily: Isolobodontinae
- Genus: Isolobodon
- Puerto Rican hutia, I. portoricensis EX introduced
- Genus: Isolobodon
- Subfamily: Heteropsomyinae
- Family: Echimyidae
- Suborder: Muridae
The order Primates includes the lemurs, monkeys, and apes, with the latter category including humans.
- Family: Cercopithecidae
- Genus: Erythrocebus
- Common patas monkey, E. patas LC introduced[2]
- Genus: Erythrocebus
Order: Chiroptera (bats)
editThe bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.
- Family: Noctilionidae
- Genus: Noctilio
- Greater bulldog bat, Noctilio leporinus LR/lc
- Genus: Noctilio
- Family: Vespertilionidae
- Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
- Genus: Lasiurus
- Eastern red bat, Lasiurus borealis LR/lc
- Genus: Lasiurus
- Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
- Family: Molossidae
- Genus: Molossus
- Velvety free-tailed bat, Molossus molossus LR/lc
- Genus: Tadarida
- Mexican free-tailed bat, Tadarida brasiliensis LR/nt
- Genus: Molossus
- Family: Mormoopidae
- Genus: Mormoops
- Antillean ghost-faced bat, Mormoops blainvillii LR/nt
- Genus: Pteronotus
- Parnell's mustached bat, Pteronotus parnellii LR/lc
- Sooty mustached bat, Pteronotus quadridens LR/nt
- Genus: Mormoops
- Family: Phyllostomidae
- Subfamily: Phyllostominae
- Genus: Macrotus
- Waterhouse's leaf-nosed bat, Macrotus waterhousii extirpated[3][4] LR/lc
- Genus: Macrotus
- Subfamily: Brachyphyllinae
- Genus: Brachyphylla
- Antillean fruit-eating bat, Brachyphylla cavernarum LR/lc
- Genus: Brachyphylla
- Subfamily: Phyllonycterinae
- Genus: Phyllonycteris
- Puerto Rican flower bat, Phyllonycteris major EX
- Genus: Phyllonycteris
- Subfamily: Glossophaginae
- Genus: Monophyllus
- Insular single leaf bat, Monophyllus plethodon LC possibly extirpated
- Puerto Rican long-nosed bat, M. p. prater EX
- Leach's single leaf bat, Monophyllus redmani LR/lc
- Insular single leaf bat, Monophyllus plethodon LC possibly extirpated
- Genus: Monophyllus
- Subfamily: Stenodermatinae
- Genus: Artibeus
- Jamaican fruit bat, Artibeus jamaicensis LR/lc
- Genus: Stenoderma
- Red fruit bat, Stenoderma rufum VU
- Genus: Artibeus
- Subfamily: Phyllostominae
The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.
- Suborder: Mysticeti
- Family: Balaenopteridae (baleen whales)
- Genus: Balaenoptera
- Common minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata
- Sei whale, Balaenoptera borealis
- Bryde's whale, Balaenoptera brydei
- Blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus
- Genus: Megaptera
- Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae
- Genus: Balaenoptera
- Family: Balaenopteridae (baleen whales)
- Suborder: Odontoceti
- Superfamily: Platanistoidea
- Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
- Genus: Delphinus
- Short-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus delphis DD
- Genus: Feresa
- Pygmy killer whale, Feresa attenuata DD
- Genus: Globicephala
- Short-finned pilot whale, Globicephala macrorhynchus DD
- Genus: Lagenodelphis
- Fraser's dolphin, Lagenodelphis hosei DD
- Genus: Grampus
- Risso's dolphin, Grampus griseus DD
- Genus: Orcinus
- Killer whale, Orcinus orca DD
- Genus: Peponocephala
- Melon-headed whale, Peponocephala electra DD
- Genus: Pseudorca
- False killer whale, Pseudorca crassidens DD
- Genus: Stenella
- Pantropical spotted dolphin, Stenella attenuata DD
- Clymene dolphin, Stenella clymene DD
- Striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba DD
- Atlantic spotted dolphin, Stenella frontalis DD
- Spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris DD
- Genus: Steno
- Rough-toothed dolphin, Steno bredanensis DD
- Genus: Tursiops
- Common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus
- Genus: Delphinus
- Family: Physeteridae (sperm whales)
- Genus: Physeter
- Sperm whale, Physeter catodon DD
- Genus: Physeter
- Family: Kogiidae (dwarf sperm whales)
- Genus: Kogia
- Pygmy sperm whale, Kogia breviceps DD
- Dwarf sperm whale, Kogia sima DD
- Genus: Kogia
- Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
- Superfamily Ziphioidea
- Family: Ziphidae (beaked whales)
- Genus: Mesoplodon
- Gervais' beaked whale, Mesoplodon europaeus DD
- Blainville's beaked whale, Mesoplodon densirostris DD
- True's beaked whale, Mesoplodon mirus DD
- Genus: Ziphius
- Cuvier's beaked whale, Ziphius cavirostris DD
- Genus: Mesoplodon
- Family: Ziphidae (beaked whales)
- Superfamily: Platanistoidea
There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.
- Family: Herpestidae
- Genus: Urva
- Small Indian mongoose, U. auropunctata LC[5] introduced
- Genus: Urva
- Suborder: Pinnipedia
- Family: Phocidae (earless seals)
- Genus: Cystophora
- Hooded seal, C. cristata VU vagrant
- Genus: Neomonachus
- Caribbean monk seal, N. tropicalis EX
- Genus: Cystophora
- Family: Phocidae (earless seals)
Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
editThe even-toed ungulates are ungulates – hoofed animals – which bear weight equally on two (an even number) of their five toes: the third and fourth. The other three toes are either present, absent, vestigial, or pointing posteriorly.
- Family: Cervidae
- Subfamily: Capreolinae
- Genus: Odocoileus
- White-tailed deer, O. virginianus LC introduced
- Genus: Odocoileus
- Subfamily: Capreolinae
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
- ^ De Jong, Y.A., Rylands, A.B. & Butynski, T.M. 2022. Erythrocebus patas (amended version of 2020 assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T174391079A217739569. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T174391079A217739569.en. Accessed on 04 August 2023.
- ^ Murray, Kevin L.; Theodore H., Fleming; S. Gaines, Michael; Williams, Dean A. (2008). "Characterization of Polymorphic Microsatellite Loci for Two Species of Phyllostomid Bats from the Greater Antilles (Erophylla Sezekorni and Macrotus Waterhousii)". Molecular Ecology Resources. 8 (3): 596–98. doi:10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.02007.x. PMID 21585843. S2CID 22552605.
- ^ Choate, Jerry R.; Birney, Elmer C. (August 1968). "Sub-Recent Insectivora and Chiroptera from Puerto Rico, with the Description of a New Bat of the Genus Stenoderma". Journal of Mammalogy. 49 (3): 400–412. doi:10.2307/1378198. JSTOR 1378198.
- ^ Jennings, A.; Veron, G. (2016). "Herpestes auropunctatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T70204120A70204139. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T70204120A70204139.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
References
edit- "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Mammals of Puerto Rico". IUCN. 2001. Retrieved 22 May 2007. [dead link]
- "Mammal Species of the World". Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. 2005. Archived from the original on 27 April 2007. Retrieved 22 May 2007.
- "Animal Diversity Web". University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. 1995–2006. Retrieved 22 May 2007.