The following is a list of the heads of state of modern Yemen, from the establishment of the Kingdom of Yemen in 1918 to the present day.
Yemen is in a tumultuous state since the start of the Arab Spring-related Yemeni crisis in 2011; the crisis resulted in the resignation of President Ali Abdullah Saleh in 2012, after 33 years in power.[1] The presidency was then transferred to Vice President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi. Since 2014–2015, the country has been in a civil war (alongside the Saudi-led military intervention aimed at restoring Hadi's government after the Houthi takeover) with several proto-state entities claiming to govern Yemen: the internationally recognized Cabinet of Yemen/Presidential Leadership Council, the Houthi-led Supreme Revolutionary Committee/Supreme Political Council, and the secessionist Southern Transitional Council.[2][3][4][5][6]
Kingdom of Yemen (1918–1970)
editPortrait | Imam (Birth–Death) |
Reign | House | Claim | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reign start | Reign end | Duration | |||||
Yahya Muhammad Hamid ed-Din (1869–1948) |
30 October 1918 | 17 February 1948 (assassinated.)[7] |
29 years, 110 days | Rassid | Imam of the Zaydis since 4 June 1904 | ||
Ahmad bin Yahya (1891–1962) |
17 February 1948 | 19 September 1962[8] | 14 years, 214 days | Rassid | Son of Yahya | ||
Muhammad al-Badr (1926–1996) |
19 September 1962 | 26 September 1962 (deposed.)[9] |
7 days | Rassid | Son of Ahmad |
Kingdom of Yemen in Exile (1962–1970)
editPortrait | Imam (Birth–Death) |
Reign | House | Claim | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reign start | Reign end | Duration | |||||
Muhammad al-Badr (1926–1996)[a] |
27 September 1962 | 1 December 1970 | 8 years, 65 days | Rassid | Son of Ahmad |
Yemen Arab Republic (1962–1990)
editPortrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Political party | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||
President of the Republic | ||||||
Abdullah al-Sallal (1917–1994)[b] |
27 September 1962 | 5 November 1967 (deposed.) |
5 years, 39 days | Military | ||
Chairman of the Republican Council | ||||||
Abdul Rahman al-Eryani (1910–1998) |
5 November 1967 | 13 June 1974 (deposed.)[10] |
6 years, 220 days | Independent | ||
President of the Republic | ||||||
Ibrahim al-Hamdi (1943–1977)[c] |
13 June 1974 | 11 October 1977 (assassinated.)[11] |
3 years, 120 days | Military | ||
Ahmad al-Ghashmi (1938–1978)[d] |
11 October 1977 | 24 June 1978 (assassinated.)[12] |
256 days | Military | ||
Chairman of the Presidential Council | ||||||
Abdul Karim Abdullah al-Arashi (1934–2006) |
24 June 1978 | 18 July 1978 | 24 days | Independent | ||
President of the Republic | ||||||
Ali Abdullah Saleh (1947–2017) |
18 July 1978[13] | 22 May 1990[14] | 11 years, 308 days | Military (until 24 August 1982) | ||
General People's Congress |
People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (1967–1990)
editPortrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Political party | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||
President of the Republic | ||||||
Qahtan Muhammad al-Shaabi (1920–1981) |
30 November 1967 | 22 June 1969 (deposed.)[15] |
1 year, 204 days | National Liberation Front | ||
Chairman of the Presidential Council | ||||||
Salim Rubai Ali (1935–1978) |
23 June 1969 | 26 June 1978 (assassinated.)[16] |
9 years, 3 days | National Liberation Front | ||
Ali Nasir Muhammad (born 1939) |
26 June 1978 | 27 December 1978 | 184 days | National Liberation Front (until 21 December 1978.) | ||
Yemeni Socialist Party | ||||||
Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Council | ||||||
Abdul Fattah Ismail (1939–1986) |
27 December 1978 | 21 April 1980[17] | 1 year, 116 days | Yemeni Socialist Party | ||
Ali Nasir Muhammad (born 1939) |
26 April 1980 | 24 January 1986 (deposed.) |
5 years, 273 days | Yemeni Socialist Party | ||
Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas (born 1939) |
24 January 1986[18] | 22 May 1990[14] | 4 years, 118 days | Yemeni Socialist Party |
Democratic Republic of Yemen (1994)
editPortrait | President (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Political party | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||
Ali Salem al Beidh (born 1939) (in rebellion) |
21 May 1994[19] | 7 July 1994[20] | 47 days | Yemeni Socialist Party |
Portrait | President (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Political party | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||
Aidarus al-Zoubaidi (born 1967) (in rebellion) |
11 May 2017 | Incumbent | 7 years, 107 days | Southern Movement |
Republic of Yemen (post-unification, 1990–present)
edit- Status
Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Elected | Term of office | Political party | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||
President of the Republic | |||||||
Ali Abdullah Saleh (1947–2017)[e] |
1999 2006 |
22 May 1990 | 27 February 2012 (resigned.)[21] |
21 years, 281 days | General People's Congress | ||
Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi (born 1945) |
— | 4 June 2011[22] | 23 September 2011 | 111 days | General People's Congress | ||
23 November 2011 | 27 February 2012 | 96 days | |||||
2012 | 27 February 2012 | 7 April 2022 (resigned.)[23] |
10 years, 39 days | ||||
Chairman of the Presidential Leadership Council | |||||||
Rashad al-Alimi (born 1954) |
— | 7 April 2022[23] | Incumbent | 2 years, 141 days | General People's Congress | ||
President of the Supreme Revolutionary Committee | |||||||
Mohammed al-Houthi (born 1979)[f] (in rebellion) |
— | 6 February 2015 | 15 August 2016 | 1 year, 191 days | Houthis | ||
President of the Supreme Political Council | |||||||
Saleh Ali al-Sammad (1979–2018)[f] (in rebellion) |
— | 15 August 2016 | 19 April 2018 (killed.)[24] |
1 year, 247 days | Houthis | ||
Mahdi al-Mashat (born 1986)[f] (in rebellion) |
— | 25 April 2018 | Incumbent | 6 years, 125 days | Houthis |
Timeline
edit![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/s4aizsl19hcf19vckey7j0t012n7qgd.png)
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ In northern Yemen, from March 1969 in exile in Taif, Saudi Arabia.
- ^ Styled as Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council until 3 October 1962.
- ^ Styled as Chairman of the Command Council until 13 June 1975.
- ^ Styled as Chairman of the Presidential Council until 22 April 1978.
- ^ Styled as Chairman of the Presidential Council until 1 October 1994.
- ^ a b c Appointed by the Houthis, in rebellion during their takeover and its aftermath.
References
edit- ^ James L. Gelvin (2012). The Arab Uprisings: What Everyone Needs to Know. Oxford University Press. p. 68. ISBN 978-0-19-989177-1.
- ^ Mareike Transfeld (2014). "Capturing Sanaa: Why the Houthis Were Successful in Yemen". Muftah. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
- ^ Steven A. Zyck (2014). "Mediating Transition in Yemen: Achievements and Lessons" (PDF). International Peace Institute. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
- ^ Silvana Toska (26 September 2014). "Shifting balances of power in Yemen's crisis". The Washington Post. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
- ^ "Houthi leader vows to defend 'glorious revolution'". Al Jazeera. 8 February 2015. Retrieved 7 February 2015.
- ^ Aboueldahab, Noha. "Yemen's fate was sealed six years ago". www.aljazeera.com.
- ^ "YEMEN HEAD KILLED WITH 3 SONS, AIDE". New York Times. Associated Press. 20 February 1948. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
- ^ "Imam Ahmad of Yemen Is Dead". New York Times. 20 September 1962. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
- ^ "Imam of Yemen Reported Slain In Coup After a Week on Throne". New York Times. 28 September 1962. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
- ^ "Military in Yemen Ousts Government And Sets Up Junta". New York Times. 14 June 1974. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
- ^ "Martial Law Is Imposed by Yemen". New York Times. 13 October 1977. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
- ^ "President of Yemen Reported Murdered". New York Times. Associated Press. 25 June 1978. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
- ^ "Yemen People's Council Chooses Saleh to Take Over as President". New York Times. Associated Press. 18 July 1978. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
- ^ a b "2 Yemens Become One, and Celebrate". New York Times. Reuters. 23 May 1990. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
- ^ "Southern Yemen's President Quits and Council Replaces Him". New York Times. 23 June 1969. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
- ^ "South Yemen Chief Reported Slain, But Pro‐Red Group Stays in Power". New York Times. 27 June 1978. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
- ^ "South Yemen Replaces President; Held Office Less Than 2 Years". New York Times. 22 April 1980. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
- ^ Serge Schmemann (26 January 1986). "SOVIET-BACKED YEMENI IS 'ACTING PRESIDENT'". New York Times. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
- ^ "Southern Yemenis Announce Secession". New York Times. Reuters. 22 May 1994. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
- ^ "Yemen Claims Victory in Civil War After Seizing Rebel City". New York Times. Associated Press. 8 July 1994. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
- ^ "AFP: Yemen's Saleh formally steps down after 33 years". Archived from the original on 25 May 2012. Retrieved 3 March 2012.
- ^ "Al-Hadi acting President of Yemen". Blogs.aljazeera.net. 4 June 2011. Archived from the original on 27 November 2011. Retrieved 5 June 2011.
- ^ a b Ghobari, Mohamed (7 April 2022). "Yemen president sacks deputy, delegates presidential powers to council". Reuters. Aden. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
With this declaration a Presidential Leadership Council shall be established to complete the implementation of the tasks of the transitional period. I irreversibly delegate to the Presidential Leadership Council my full powers in accordance with the constitution and the Gulf Initiative and its executive mechanism.
- ^ "Yemen war: Houthi political leader 'killed in air raid'". BBC. 23 April 2018. Retrieved 23 April 2018.