Wikipedia

Leader of the Chinese Communist Party

The leader of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party is the highest-ranking official and head of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Since 1982, the General Secretary of the Central Committee is considered the party's leader. Since its formation in 1921, the leader's post has been titled as Secretary of the Central Bureau (1921–1922), Chairman (1922–1925, 1928–1931, and 1943–1982), and General Secretary (1925–1928, 1931–1943, and 1982 onwards).

Leader of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
Simplified Chinese中共中央主要负责人
Traditional Chinese中共中央主要負責人
Literal meaningCPC Central Committee primary responsible person
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinZhōnggòng Zhōngyāng Zhǔyào Fùzérén

By custom the party leader has either been elected by the CCP Central Committee or the Central Politburo.[1] There were several name changes until Mao Zedong finally formalized the office of Chairman of the Central Committee.[1] Since 1982, the CCP National Congress and its 1st CC Plenary Session has been the main institutional setting in which the CCP leadership are elected.[1] From 1992 onwards, every party leader has been elected by a 1st CC Plenary Session. In the period 1928–45 the CCP leader was elected by conference, meetings of the Central Committee or by decisions of the Politburo.[1] The last exception to this rule is Jiang Zemin, who was elected at the 4th Plenary Session of the 13th Central Committee in the aftermath of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre.[2] Currently, to be nominated for the office of general secretary, one has to be a member of the CCP Politburo Standing Committee.[3]

Despite breaching the Constitution of the Chinese Communist Party, several individuals (who are not included in the list) have been de facto leaders of the CCP without holding formal positions of power.[4] Wang Ming was briefly in charge in 1931 after Xiang Zhongfa was jailed by Kuomintang forces, while Li Lisan is considered to have been the real person in-charge for most of Xiang's tenure.[4] Mao was reckoned as the CCP's actual leader from the Long March onward before formally becoming Chairman in 1943.

Beginning in the 1980s, the CCP leadership desired to prevent a single leader from rising above the party, as Chairman Mao had done. Accordingly, the post of CCP Chairman was abolished in 1982. Most of its functions were transferred to the revived post of General Secretary.[5] Deng Xiaoping is the last CCP official to become de facto leader of the CCP and paramount leader of China despite having never served as chairman or general secretary. His highest post was Chairman of the Central Military Commission (commander-in-chief). [6]

Leader offices

edit
Title Existence Established
Secretary of the Central Bureau 1921–1922 1st National Congress
Chairman of the Central Executive Committee 1922–1923 2nd National Congress
General Secretary of the Central Bureau 1923–1925 3rd National Congress
General Secretary of the Central Executive Committee 1925–1927 4th National Congress
General Secretary of the Central Committee 1927–1928 5th National Congress
Chairman of the Central Committee 1928–1931 6th National Congress
General Secretary of the Central Committee 1931–1943 4th Plenary Session of the 6th Central Committee
Chairman of the Central Politburo 1943–1945 Politburo resolution
Chairman of the Central Secretariat
Chairman of the Central Committee 1945–1982 7th National Congress
General Secretary of the Central Committee 1982–present 12th National Congress

Leaders

edit
No. Portrait Name
(birth–death) 		Took office Left office Length of tenure Central Committee Portfolios held while leader
1   Chen Duxiu
陈独秀
(1879–1942) 		23 July 1921 1 July 1928 6 years and 344 days 1st (1921–1922)
2nd (1922–1923)
3rd (1923–1925)
4th (1925–1927)
5th (1927–1928)
—
2   Xiang Zhongfa
向忠发
(1879–1931) 		1 July 1928 24 June 1931 2 years and 358 days 6th (1928–1945)
3   Bo Gu
博古
(1907–1946) 		September 1931 17 January 1935 3 years and 138 days 6th (1928–1945)
—
4   Zhang Wentian
张闻天
(1900–1976) 		17 January 1935 20 March 1943 8 years and 62 days 6th (1928–1945)
—
5   Mao Zedong
毛泽东
(1893–1976) 		20 March 1943 9 September 1976 33 years and 173 days 6th (1928–1945)
7th (1945–1956)
8th (1956–1969)
9th (1969–1973)
10th (1973–1977)
6   Hua Guofeng
华国锋
(1921–2008) 		7 October 1976 28 June 1981 4 years and 264 days 11th (1977–1982)
7   Hu Yaobang
胡耀邦
(1915–1989) 		29 June 1981 15 January 1987 5 years and 200 days 11th (1977–1982)
12th (1982–1987)
8
 
 Zhao Ziyang
赵紫阳
(1919–2005) 		15 January 1987 24 June 1989 2 years and 159 days 12th (1982–1987)
13th (1987–1992)
9
 
 Jiang Zemin
江泽民
(1926–2022) 		24 June 1989 15 November 2002 13 years and 144 days 13th (1987–1992)
14th (1992–1997)
15th (1997–2002)
10
 
 Hu Jintao
胡锦涛
(born 1942) 		15 November 2002 15 November 2012 10 years and 0 days 16th (2002–2007)
17th (2007–2012)
11
 
 Xi Jinping
习近平
(born 1953) 		15 November 2012 Incumbent 12 years and 42 days 18th (2012–2017)
19th (2017–2022)
20th (2022–2027)

See also

edit

References

edit

Citations

edit
  1. ^ a b c d Wu 2015, p. 10.
  2. ^ Wang 2012, p. 12.
  3. ^ 19th National Congress (2017). Constitution of the Chinese Communist Party. p. 18.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ a b Wu 2015, pp. 10–11.
  5. ^ "China - Constitution, Government, Politics". Britannica. The decision to redefine the position was part of the effort to reduce the chances of any one leader's again rising to a position above the party, as Mao had done. China's government still has a chairmanship, but the office has only limited power and is largely ceremonial.
  6. ^ Wu 2015, p. 11.

Sources

edit
General references

References for when individuals were elected to the CCP leadership offices, the name of the offices and when they established and were abolished are found below:

Articles and journal entries
Books
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leader_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party&oldid=1265575041"