Hooper Bay (Central Yupik: Naparyarmiut) is a city in Kusilvak Census Area, Alaska, United States. At the 2020 census the population was 1,375, up from 1,093 in 2010.[4]
Hooper Bay
Naparyarmiut | |
|---|---|
 Hooper Bay with wind turbines in background. | |
  Hooper Bay Location in Alaska | |
| Coordinates: 61°31′44″N 166°05′46″W / 61.52889°N 166.09611°W | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Alaska |
| Census Area | Kusilvak |
| Incorporated | February 7, 1966[1] |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Benjamin Nukusuk[2] |
| • State senator | Donald Olson (D) |
| • State rep. | Neal Foster (D) |
| Area | |
• Total | 7.53 sq mi (19.50 km2) |
| • Land | 7.50 sq mi (19.42 km2) |
| • Water | 0.03 sq mi (0.08 km2) |
| Elevation | 26 ft (8 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
• Total | 1,375 |
| • Density | 183.41/sq mi (70.81/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-9 (Alaska (AKST)) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-8 (AKDT) |
| ZIP code | 99604 |
| Area code | 907 |
| FIPS code | 02-33470 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1403493 |
On August 3, 2006, a major fire destroyed approximately fifteen acres of the city including thirty-five structures, twelve homes, the elementary school, middle school, high school, teacher housing complex, stores, offices and storage shelters, leaving 70 people homeless.[5][6][7]
Geography and climate
editHooper Bay is located at 61°31′44″N 166°5′46″W / 61.52889°N 166.09611°W (61.528980, -166.096196),[8] 20 miles (32 km) south of Cape Romanzof and 25 miles (40 km) south of Scammon Bay in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta. The city is separated into two sections: a heavily built-up townsite located on gently rolling hills, and a newer section in the lowlands.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 8.8 square miles (23 km2), of which 8.7 square miles (23 km2) is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) (0.91%) is water.
Hooper Bay is located within the polar climate zone (Köppen ET), because the hottest month is only 49.2 °F (9.6 °C). It is atypical of polar climates in having winters sufficiently moderated by the sea that permafrost is merely sporadic, and in seeing heavy late summer rainfall more typical of subpolar oceanic climates. The substantial maritime moderation, however, means snowfall is heavy, exceeding or approaching 4 inches or 0.10 metres for eight months of the year
| Climate data for Cape Romanzof LRRS Airport (1961–1990 normals, extremes 1953–1985) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 49 (9) |
48 (9) |
46 (8) |
60 (16) |
71 (22) |
72 (22) |
79 (26) |
73 (23) |
63 (17) |
60 (16) |
45 (7) |
48 (9) |
79 (26) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 36.8 (2.7) |
33.8 (1.0) |
37.0 (2.8) |
41.0 (5.0) |
53.8 (12.1) |
62.6 (17.0) |
68.0 (20.0) |
64.6 (18.1) |
56.4 (13.6) |
44.3 (6.8) |
38.0 (3.3) |
36.6 (2.6) |
69.9 (21.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 18.6 (−7.4) |
15.6 (−9.1) |
19.6 (−6.9) |
26.3 (−3.2) |
38.3 (3.5) |
48.1 (8.9) |
52.8 (11.6) |
52.1 (11.2) |
46.5 (8.1) |
34.7 (1.5) |
25.5 (−3.6) |
19.7 (−6.8) |
33.3 (0.7) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 13.7 (−10.2) |
10.0 (−12.2) |
14.3 (−9.8) |
20.9 (−6.2) |
34.4 (1.3) |
43.5 (6.4) |
49.2 (9.6) |
49.0 (9.4) |
43.8 (6.6) |
31.2 (−0.4) |
23.2 (−4.9) |
14.3 (−9.8) |
29.0 (−1.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 8.7 (−12.9) |
5.6 (−14.7) |
9.0 (−12.8) |
16.4 (−8.7) |
29.7 (−1.3) |
39.3 (4.1) |
45.0 (7.2) |
45.4 (7.4) |
40.2 (4.6) |
28.7 (−1.8) |
18.0 (−7.8) |
10.1 (−12.2) |
24.8 (−4.0) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | −14.0 (−25.6) |
−14.1 (−25.6) |
−11.7 (−24.3) |
−1.6 (−18.7) |
16.6 (−8.6) |
31.5 (−0.3) |
38.8 (3.8) |
39.2 (4.0) |
32.1 (0.1) |
15.7 (−9.1) |
3.5 (−15.8) |
−9.5 (−23.1) |
−19.6 (−28.7) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −23 (−31) |
−26 (−32) |
−26 (−32) |
−15 (−26) |
3 (−16) |
25 (−4) |
31 (−1) |
33 (1) |
23 (−5) |
4 (−16) |
−15 (−26) |
−23 (−31) |
−26 (−32) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 1.17 (30) |
0.84 (21) |
0.90 (23) |
0.93 (24) |
1.41 (36) |
2.23 (57) |
3.14 (80) |
4.54 (115) |
4.36 (111) |
2.78 (71) |
1.46 (37) |
1.31 (33) |
25.06 (637) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 9.2 (23) |
5.3 (13) |
7.9 (20) |
8.1 (21) |
3.9 (9.9) |
1.0 (2.5) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
1.1 (2.8) |
9.4 (24) |
9.7 (25) |
10.1 (26) |
65.7 (167) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 inch) | 10.9 | 7.3 | 9.9 | 11.3 | 10.8 | 12.1 | 16.3 | 19.9 | 18.8 | 18.2 | 14.6 | 10.8 | 165.9 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.01 inch) | 10.4 | 6.6 | 10.2 | 11.0 | 6.1 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 12.0 | 13.3 | 11.1 | 82.8 |
| Source 1: WRCC[9] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: XMACIS (snowfall)[10] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
edit
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1880 | 175 | — | |
| 1890 | 138 | −21.1% | |
| 1930 | 209 | — | |
| 1940 | 299 | 43.1% | |
| 1950 | 307 | 2.7% | |
| 1960 | 460 | 49.8% | |
| 1970 | 490 | 6.5% | |
| 1980 | 627 | 28.0% | |
| 1990 | 845 | 34.8% | |
| 2000 | 1,014 | 20.0% | |
| 2010 | 1,093 | 7.8% | |
| 2020 | 1,375 | 25.8% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[11] | |||
Hooper Bay first appeared on the 1880 U.S. Census as an Yup'ik settlement of Askinuk.[12] On the 1890 census, it returned as Askinaghamiut. It did not appear again until 1930, when it was first returned as Hooper Bay. It formally incorporated in 1966.
As of the census[13] of 2000, there were 1,014 people, 227 households, and 187 families residing in the city. The population density was 116.8 inhabitants per square mile (45.1/km2). There were 239 housing units at an average density of 27.5 per square mile (10.6/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 4.24% White, 93.69% Native American, and 2.07% from two or more races. 0.10% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 227 households, out of which 61.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.4% were married couples living together, 30.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.6% were non-families. 15.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 0.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.47 and the average family size was 4.97.
In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 49.2% under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 24.5% from 25 to 44, 11.5% from 45 to 64, and 5.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 18 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 116.4 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $26,667, and the median income for a family was $27,500. Males had a median income of $31,250 versus $32,083 for females. The per capita income for the city was $7,841. About 28.4% of families and 27.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30.1% of those under age 18 and 31.6% of those age 65 or over.
Education
editStudents in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade attend Hooper Bay School, also known as Naparyarmiut Elicarviat, administered by the Lower Yukon School District.[14] It is a bilingual school with a Yup'ik language immersion program in kindergarten through third grade, the first program of its kind in the district.[15] High school students have the option of the state's public boarding schools, Nenana Student Living Center and Mt. Edgecumbe High School.[16]
In popular culture
edit- Hooper Bay is the title of an electronic music album by Boards of Canada.
- An incident in Hooper Bay is featured in Season 4, Episode 8 of Alaska State Troopers.
References
edit- ^ 1996 Alaska Municipal Officials Directory. Juneau: Alaska Municipal League/Alaska Department of Community and Regional Affairs. January 1996. p. 67.
- ^ 2015 Alaska Municipal Officials Directory. Juneau: Alaska Municipal League. 2015. p. 73.
- ^ "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
- ^ "2020 Census Data - Cities and Census Designated Places" (Web). State of Alaska, Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Retrieved October 31, 2021.
- ^ "Hundreds Evacuate, Structures Destroyed in Hooper Bay Fire". ABC Alaska News. August 4, 2006. Archived from the original on January 16, 2013. Retrieved October 22, 2008.
- ^ deMarban, Alex (August 15, 2006). "Children faulted in Hooper Bay fire". Anchorage Daily News. Archived from the original on October 15, 2008. Retrieved October 22, 2008.
- ^ "Cleanup begins in Hooper Bay | Juneau Empire - Alaska's Capital City Online Newspaper". juneauempire.com. Archived from the original on October 25, 2015.
- ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
- ^ "CAPE ROMANZOF, ALASKA (501318)". Western Regional Climate Center. Archived from the original on January 27, 2024. Retrieved January 27, 2024.
- ^ XMACIS
- ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
- ^ "Geological Survey Professional Paper". 1949.
- ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
- ^ "Low test scores don't deter Hooper Bay School leaders". Anchorage Daily News. March 15, 2015. Retrieved July 29, 2019.
- ^ Dillon, R.A. (May 18, 2002). "School Reaches Out to Embrace Native Roots". www.turtletrack.org. Canku Ota. Retrieved July 29, 2019.
- ^ Brown, Cathy (June 27, 2004). "Alaska Boarding Schools Make a Comeback". Washington Post. Retrieved July 29, 2019.
Further reading
edit- Gillham, Charles E., and Chanimun. Medicine Men of Hooper Bay: Or, The Eskimo's Arabian Nights. London: Batchworth Press, 1955.
Photographs
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