Wikipedia

Eurocopter EC135

The Airbus Helicopters H135 (formerly Eurocopter EC135) is a twin-engine civil light utility helicopter produced by Airbus Helicopters, formerly Eurocopter. It is capable of flight under instrument flight rules (IFR) and is outfitted with a digital automatic flight control system (AFCS). First flying in February 1994, it entered service in 1996. 1,400 have been delivered up to September 2020, to 300 operators in 60 countries, accumulating over 5 million flight hours. It is mainly used for air medical transport (medevac), corporate transport, law enforcement, offshore wind support, and military flight training. Half of them are in Europe and a quarter in North America. The H135M, certified under the name Eurocopter EC635, is a military variant, so the overall design is known as the Airbus Helicopters H135 and the military version, as the Airbus Helicopters H135M. The EC135/H135 is a development of the earlier Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm (MBB) Bo 105.

EC135
H135
Close up of blue and yellow helicopter hovering
An EC135T2 used by the National Police Air Service for England & Wales
General information
TypeLight utility helicopter
National originMultinational
ManufacturerAirbus Helicopters (Since 2014)
Eurocopter
StatusIn service
Number built1400 (Sep. 2020)[1]
History
Manufactured1995–present
Introduction date1996
First flight15 February 1994
Developed fromMBB Bo 105
VariantsEurocopter EC635

Development

edit

Origins

edit

The H135 started development prior to the formation of Eurocopter, under Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm (MBB) under the designation Bo 108 in the 1970s. MBB developed it in partnership with Aérospatiale, the Bo 108 was initially intended to be a technology demonstrator, combining attributes of the successful MBB Bo 105 with new advances and an aerodynamically streamlined design.[2][3] Technologies included on the Bo 108 included the first full-authority digital engine controls (FADEC) on a helicopter, a hingeless main rotor, and the adoption of a new transmission.[2] The first prototype made its first flight on 17 October 1988, powered by two Allison 250-C20R/1 engines. A second Bo 108 followed in June 1991, this time with two Turbomeca TM319-1B Arrius engines. Unlike later production aircraft, both technology demonstrators flew with conventional tail rotors.[3]

 
A Bo 108 prototype

In the late 1990s, the design was revised with the introduction of the Fenestron tail rotor system, an advanced rigid main rotor, composite materials, and resonance isolation systems.[2] It was decided to pursue a full certification program, resulting in the production of two pre-production prototypes. At the same time, the Bo 108 was given a new designation of EC135, to correspond with the newly created Eurocopter company.[2] At this point, it was decided that the EC135 should be developed with the option of being powered by two competing engines, the Turbomeca Arrius 2B and the Pratt & Whitney Canada PW206B engines. Two pre-production prototypes were built in 1994 powered by either engine, both powerplants proved to be successful and were used on subsequent production aircraft.[3]

In January 1995, the EC135 made its first public appearance at the Heli-Expo convention at Las Vegas, at which prospective buyers were reportedly impressed with its appearance and performance figures.[2] Another feature which became apparent upon entering service was the low noise levels produced, in part due to its Fenestron tail, the EC135 was the quietest aircraft in its class for more than 15 years.[2] Despite the helicopter's design being primarily oriented towards emergency medical operators, the EC135 had considerable appeal to a wide range of operators.[2] European JAA certification was achieved in June 1996, with FAA approval following in July.[3]

In December 1999, the EC135 was granted single-pilot IFR (SPIFR) certification by Germany's Luftfahrt-Bundesamt (LBA). In December 2000, the United Kingdom's Civil Aviation Authority also gave the EC135 SPIFR certification.[4]

Further development

edit
 
A Eurocopter EC135P1 of Western Power Distribution leaves Bristol Airport, 2016

In 2000, Eurocopter announced the start of certification work on the EC135P2, powered by the Pratt & Whitney Canada PW206B2, offering improved single-engine performance and 30-second emergency power. The LBA certification was achieved in July 2001, and the first EC135 with the new engines was handed over to the Swedish Police Authority in August 2001.[5] In September 2002, the EC135T2 equipped with the improved Turbomeca Arrius 2B2 was made available, providing for improved single-engine performance.[5]

In 2002, the EC135 active control technology demonstrator/flying helicopter simulator (ACT/FHS), a research aircraft designed to test fibre optic-based flight control systems, undertook its first flight.[6] In 2014, Airbus Helicopters began flying the Bluecopter demonstrator aircraft, built to explore more efficient design elements, including economy-optimised single-engine operations, Blue Edge swept rotor blades to reduce noise and increase efficiency, a relocated horizontal stabilizer outside the main rotor's downwash, an active rudder, and new water-based external paint; these changes were aimed at cutting fuel consumption by 40%.[7] In December 2014, the single-engine operations portion of the Bluecopter tests were delayed to summer 2016 to make necessary avionics changes, such as to the engine's FADEC systems.[8]

In March 2007, at the NBAA in Atlanta, Eurocopter unveiled 'L'Hélicoptère par Hermès, a special-edition VIP model designed by Hermès International, S.A.. It features a customized luxury four-place main cabin, a sliding glass partition, a corporate baggage hold, redesigned skid landing gear and other external changes. The launch customer for the type is Falcon Aviation Services (FAS), based in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.[9] In July 2014, Airbus Helicopters made further personalization options available for the EC135 l'Helicoptere par Hermes.[10]

In 2011, Eurocopter formalised a license manufacturing agreement with Zhong-Ou International Group to produce the EC135 luxury helicopter in Zhejiang Province, China.[11] In October 2015, a letter of intent between Airbus Helicopters and Ecopark was signed for the establishment of a final assembly line (FAL) in Qingdao Province, China. A related $1.1 billion order for 100 Chinese-assembled H135s was announced in the same month.[12] The majority of assembly work on the type remains at Airbus Helicopter's Donauwörth facility.[13] Construction of the FAL started in May 2017,[14] and opened for production in April 2019.[15]

In January 2016, the Ural Works of Civil Aviation (UWCA), a division of Rostec, signed an agreement to build the H135 under licence at the firm's facility in Yekaterinburg, Russia.[16][17] In May 2016, it was reported that Russian production of the H135 was anticipated to begin in 2017, following the receipt of Russian type certification. Russian manufacturers may be incorporated in the global supply chain.[18]

Two variants, the EC135 T3 and EC135 P3, were developed with improved high altitude and hover performance.[citation needed] Changes include repositioned air intakes to the engines, wider blades being installed on the main rotor, and changes to the fenstron anti-torque tail device. The EC135 T3 was introduced to service in December 2014.[19]

In December 2020, the H135 helicopter family EASA has certified a new Alternate Gross Weight (AGW). With the new AGW, the maximum takeoff weight has been increased up to 265 lb (120 kg) and payload. This modification can be used to increase range by up to 75 nm or endurance by up to 40 minutes under standard conditions. The new AGW is available as an option and can be applied retroactively to all Helionix-equipped H135s.[20]

In December 2020, Airbus certified a new single-pilot IFR Helionix cockpit for its H135 helicopters. The modified cockpit allows customers to choose whether to remove the copilot side of the instrument panel to increase the field of view or keep it to install specific STC equipment.[20]

Design

edit
 
The cockpit of an EC135, May 2008

The H135 is a twin-engine rotorcraft. It can be alternatively powered by a pair of Turbomeca Arrius 2B or Pratt & Whitney Canada PW206B engines, dependent on customer's preference, which gives either a T or a P, respectively, in the variant name.[3][2] The main rotor is of a four-bladed, hingeless fiber-composite design. Progressive improvements to the main rotor have increased its performance and reduced maintenance costs since the type's introduction.[19] The EC135 is the quietest helicopter in its class, featuring an anti-resonance isolation system to dampen vibration from the main rotor.[5] The type's Fenestron anti-torque device can be actively regulated via a HI NR rotor optimization mode, which provides for greater controllability during higher weight take-off and landings.[2] It is capable of performing Category A operations throughout its full flight envelope.[21]

The EC135 can be equipped with either a conventional flight deck or the Avionique Novelle glass cockpit – the latter allows for single pilot instrument flight rules operation.[22] The glass cockpit is equipped with several liquid-crystal displays, including two Sextant SMD45 displays and a central panel display.[2] The main avionics suite is supplied by Thales Group. The EC135 can be outfitted with various avionics suites from manufacturers such as Russian firm Transas Aviation and British firm Britannia 2000.[23][24]

The newer H135 model can be equipped with a four-axis autopilot, which is included as part of the Helionix avionics suite. This suite provides the H135 with a greater level of commonality with several other Airbus Helicopters-produced rotorcraft, including the H145, H160 and H175.[25] Earlier versions of the EC135 were equipped with a three-axis autopilot with integrated stability augmentation,[2] featuring a First Limit Indicator (FLI), simplifying engine and torque monitoring.[22] Cockpit touch screens can be optionally installed.[21]

 
An EC135 of the German Brandenburg State Police

Various cabin and cockpit configurations are available for the EC135, depending on the role performed and the operator's preferences. It can hold up to five passengers and a pilot when configured with a standard executive interior, or seven passengers in a dense corporate interior.[2] Modular multi-role interiors that allow the main cabin area to be quickly changed and re-equipped are available.[21][22] The main cabin of the EC135 is accessed either by large doors on either side of the cabin or by clamshell doors located at the rear of the cabin, directly underneath the aircraft's tail boom. The clamshell doors are particularly attractive to emergency medical services (EMS) and cargo operators.[26]

Medical facilities can be installed in the cabin, such as in-flight intensive care stations (including resuscitation functionality), incubators, and hygiene-convenient flooring.[21] In a mountain rescue configuration, the cabin can simultaneously accommodate two stretchers as well as the pilot, anaesthetist, winch operator, mechanic and mountain rescue specialist.[19]

Airbus Helicopters has promoted the airframe's various configurations as possessing "unique adaptability" for various missions, including utility work, commercial transportation, and training roles.[21] Equipment for the law enforcement role include external loudspeakers, rappelling system, search lights with laser pointers, left or right-mounted hoists, and electro-optical sensors. For offshore oil & gas operations, the rotorcraft can be fitted with weather/search radars, emergency floatation aids, including an automated external life raft, energy-absorbent seating, class-D certified external hoists, and crash-resistant fuel tanks.[21] An external hook can be installed to carry underslung loads of up to 272 kg for cargo missions. In a training capacity, features such a light aircraft recording system for post-flight analysis, intuitive human-machine interface, specific training modules, and a one-engine inoperative training mode, and full ground simulators, may be selected.[21]

Operational history

edit
 
An ADAC EC135 taking off from Bonn University Clinic, 2008

Deliveries started in August 1996, when two helicopters, 0005 and 0006, were handed over to German emergency aero medical service provider Deutsche Rettungsflugwacht. The 100th EC135 was handed over to the Bavarian police force in June 1999, by which point the worldwide fleet had accumulated approximately 30,000 flight hours.[27] In September 2003, the 300th EC135 was handed over to UK-based McAlpine Helicopters. At this point, the EC135 was the best selling new light twin-engine helicopter in the UK market.[28]

In 2011, Eurocopter announced that the 1,000th EC135 to be produced had been delivered to German operator ADAC, roughly 15 years since the start of production.[29] In 2012, Flying magazine recognised the EC135 as being "the industry's best selling twin-engine helicopter".[2] The world fleet leader in flight hours for the type is G-NESV (s/n 0067), operated by Cleveland Police Air Operations Unit based at Durham Tees Valley Airport, UK. Originally delivered to the North East Air Support Unit in April 1999, it was the first EC135 worldwide to attain 10,000 flying hours.[30]

In 2009, the EC135 was the first aircraft selected for offshore wind support in the UK, after the Civil Aviation Authority approved helicopter operations to the Greater Gabbard offshore wind farm.[31][32] The EC135 has been used in Denmark to support the Horns Rev offshore wind farm. By 2013, over 10,000 successful personnel transfers have taken place using the type.[33][34] In Mexico, Apoyo Logístico Aéreo has operated a fleet of EC135s for servicing the extensive oil and gas offshore platforms in the Gulf of Mexico.[35]

 
An EC135 T1 of French operator SAF Hélicoptères during a rescue operation

In 2013, it was reported that the EC135 was currently providing roughly 25% of the world's total emergency medic services flights, and that over 500 EC135s have been delivered to in an aeromedical configuration.[36] By late 2013, during which a brief grounding of the type was instigated due to safety concerns of fuel gauges, the EC135 made up half of the UK's operational air ambulance fleet.[37] In October 2014, the first EC135 air ambulance was delivered in the Chinese market.[38]

The German Army operates 19 H135s as basic trainers at the School of Army Aviation in Bückeburg. These have had an average operational availability in excess of 95 per cent.[39] In 2014, the German Army noted that there was potential for vibration-induced rotor cracking during autorotation training, shortening the life of the main rotor.[40] 13 EC135 trainers have been procured by the Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force, they have been designed as the TH-135.[41]

In December 2014, the first production EC135 T3 entered service with Aiut Alpin Dolomites, a mountain rescue operator based in Italy.[42] In June 2015, Airbus Helicopters delivered the first retrofitted H135 from the earlier EC135 standard. Changes include an enlarged main rotor, relocated engine air intakes, elevated engine performance, and the horizontal stabiliser's endplates removed and its span increased.[43][44]

In October 2015, Waypoint Leasing and Airbus Helicopters signed an agreement for the acquisition of up to 20 H135 for public leasing purposes.[45]

In 2017, the Royal Air Force received the first 2 of 29 H135s designated as Juno HT.1s for the UK Military Flying Training System with training provided by Ascent Flight Training.[46][47][48]

In 2018, the Australian Defence Force established the Joint Helicopter School operating 15 EC135T2+ procured under Project Air 9000 Phase 7 to train both Australian Army and Royal Australian Navy pilots.[49][50][51] The school is set within Navy's 723 Squadron at HMAS Albatross.[50] In 2024, after the retirement of the MRH-90 Taipan helicopter, the Australian government announced that it would lease 5 H135T3 (Juno) from the United Kingdom Ministry of Defence for five years to maintain "essential training requirements" for Australian Army pilots.[52][53] The helicopters will be based at the Oakey Army Aviation Centre.[53]

Variants

edit
 
EC135 T2 air ambulance of the Austrian Air Rescue service in Klagenfurt, Austria
 
One of the North West Air Ambulance's three EC135T2, shown landing
EC135 P1
Powered by two 463 kW (621 shp) Pratt & Whitney Canada PW206B (ratings correspond to take-off power (TOP)). Later versions have the centre panel display system (CPDS). Initial maximum take-off weight (M.T.O.W.) of 2,630 kg (5,798 lbs), later raised to 2,720 kg (5,997 lbs) and then 2,835 kg (6,250 lbs).
EC135 T1
Powered by two 435 kW (583 shp)(TOP rating) Turbomeca Arrius 2B1/2B1A/2B1A1. Later versions have the CPDS. Initial M.T.O.W. of 2,630 kg (5,798 lbs), later raised to 2,720 kg (5,997 lbs) and then 2,835 kg (6,250 lbs).
EC135 P2
Powered by two 463 kW (621 shp) (TOP rating) Pratt & Whitney Canada PW206B2. Increased thermodynamic and mechanic OEI ratings (128% OEI torque). Replaced EC135 P1 in production in August 2001.
EC135 T2
Powered by two 452 kW (606 shp) (TOP rating) Turbomeca Arrius 2B2. Increased thermodynamic and mechanic OEI ratings (128% OEI torque). Replaced EC135 T1 in production in August 2002.
EC135 P2+ (Marketing name EC135 P2i)
Latest current production version with 498 kW (667 shp) PW206B2 (new power ratings based on a FADEC software upgrade), plus a 2,910 kg (6,415 lbs) M.T.O.W. upgrade, extended component time between overhauls (TBOs), and a change in the main transmission lubricating oil.[54] Built in Germany and Spain.
EC135 T2+ (Marketing name EC135 T2i)
Latest current production version with 473 kW (634 shp) Arrius 2B2 engines (new power ratings based on a FADEC software upgrade), plus a 2,910 kg (6,415 lbs) M.T.O.W. upgrade, extended component TBOs, and a change in the main transmission lubricating oil. Built in Germany and Spain.
EC135 P2+ (Marketing name EC135 P2e)
Marketing designation of aircraft with increased M.T.O.W. of 2,950 kg (6,504 lbs) within restricted flight envelope.
EC135 T2+ (Marketing name EC135 T2e)
Marketing designation of aircraft with increased M.T.O.W. of 2,950 kg (6,504 lbs) within restricted flight envelope.
EC135 P3
Powered by two 528 kW (708 shp) (TOP rating) PW206B3 engines (new power ratings based on a FADEC software upgrade), plus a 2,980 kg (6,570 lbs) M.T.O.W. upgrade, and significant increased OEI, Cat A, and hot/high performance. Market introduction in 2014.[55]
H135 (EC135 T3)[56]
Powered by two 492 kW (660 shp) (TOP rating) Arrius 2B2Plus engines (new power ratings based on a FADEC software upgrade), plus a 2,980 kg (6,570 lbs) M.T.O.W. upgrade, and significant increased OEI, Cat A, and hot/high performance. Market introduction in 2014.[55]
EC635/H135M
Military variant originally developed to meet a Portuguese Army requirement for a fire support and medical evacuation helicopter. Presently, operated by Jordan,[57] Swiss[58][59][60] and Iraqi armed forces.[57]
TH-135
Military training variant developed from the EC135 T2+.[41]
ACH135
Corporate variant of the H135.

Operators

edit
 
A Scottish Ambulance Service Eurocopter EC-135T

In 2016, half of the EC135s operating in service were engaged in emergency medical services operations, 17% in air transport, 16% in public services (typically law enforcement), 10% in military missions, 4% in offshore operations (typically offshore wind power inspection), and the remaining 3% in military training.[61]

The 1,400th was delivered in September 2020, as over 300 customers in 60 countries accumulated more than 4.5 million flight hours. Most are in Europe (641), followed by North America (316) and Asia (195).[1]

Military operators

edit
 
An EC135 T1 of the German Army
 
The EC135T3 is known as the Juno HT1 in RAF service
  Australia
  Brazil
  Canada
  • Royal Canadian Air Force - 19 helicopters are to be acquired for pilot training. The helicopters are to be built at Airbus Helicopters’ facility in Fort Erie, Canada with deliveries starting 2026.[65]
  Gabon
  Germany
  Iraq
  Ireland
  Japan
  Morocco
  Nigeria
  Spain
  United Kingdom

Government operators

edit
  Argentina
  Australia
  Austria
 
A Japanese National Police's EC-135 in flight
  Canada
  Chile
  Croatia
  Czech Republic
  Germany
  Hungary
  Ireland
  Japan
  Lithuania
 
A Eurocopter EC135P2+ of the National Police Corps of Spain.
  Netherlands
  Norway
  Poland
  Romania
  Slovenia
  Spain
 
A Eurocopter EC135T2 of the Police of the Czech Republic
  United Kingdom
  Turkey
  United States
 
NASA Airbus Helicopters H135

Accidents and incidents

edit
  • On 29 November 2013, a Police Scotland EC135 T2 crashed into a pub in Glasgow, Scotland.[105] Three occupants of the aircraft were killed, as well as seven patrons of the pub.[106] The UK AAIB issued its final report on the accident on 23 October 2015. It said that "No significant pre-impact technical defect was identified in any part of the aircraft or its systems." It added that important fuel transfer pumps were switched off "for unknown reasons", and that the helicopter "did not land within the 10-minute period specified in the Pilot’s Checklist Emergency and Malfunction Procedures, following continuous activation of the low fuel warnings, for unknown reasons."[107]
  • On 28 August 2023, a Broward Sheriff's Office EC135 crashed into a residential building, after witnesses stated it started smoking heavily while in flight before spinning and rapidly losing altitude.[108] A Broward Sheriff Fire Rescue Captain, and a resident of the structure that the helicopter crashed into, were both killed in the crash. Two other employees, and a second resident survived.

Specifications (EC135 P2+/T2+)

edit
 
External videos
  An EC135 Landing on a yacht
  Pair of medical EC135s in formation flight
  EC135 P-2+ performing a flight demonstration

Data from Eurocopter EC135 2008 Tech Data book[109]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 1 pilot
  • Capacity: up to seven passengers or two crew and two patients (air ambulance variant) or 1,455 kg (3,208 lb) payload
  • Length: 10.2 m (33 ft 6 in)
  • Height: 3.51 m (11 ft 6 in)
  • Empty weight: 1,455 kg (3,208 lb)
  • Max takeoff weight: 2,910 kg (6,415 lb)
  • Powerplant: 2 × Turbomeca Arrius 2B2 turboshaft engines, 472 kW (633 hp) each
    or 2 × Pratt & Whitney Canada PW206B turboshaft engines rated at 463 kW (621 hp) (take-off power)
  • Main rotor diameter: 10.2 m (33 ft 6 in)
  • Main rotor area: 81.7 m2 (879 sq ft)

Performance

  • Cruise speed: 254 km/h (158 mph, 137 kn)
  • Never exceed speed: 287 km/h (178 mph, 155 kn)
  • Range: 635 km (395 mi, 343 nmi)
  • Service ceiling: 6,096 m (20,000 ft)
  • Rate of climb: 7.62 m/s (1,500 ft/min)

See also

edit

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

References

edit
  1. ^ a b Airbus Helicopters' 1,400th H135 is delivered to HEMS operator Mont Blanc, Airbus, 6 November 2020
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Pope, Stephen. "Eurocopter EC 135." Archived 20 April 2021 at the Wayback Machine Flying, 18 May 2012.
  3. ^ a b c d e Benenson, Tom. "The EC135: Melding form & Function." Flying, April 2004. Vol. 131, No. 4. pp. 86–91.
  4. ^ Rimmer, David. "EC 135 Gains Single-Pilot Certification." Business & Commercial Aviation, January 2001, Vol. 88 Issue 1. p. 17.
  5. ^ a b c Benenson 2004. p. 89.
  6. ^ "Fly-by-light EC135 helicopter makes first flight." Flight International, 5 February 2002.
  7. ^ Dubois, Thierry. "Airbus Helicopters Unveils Bluecopter Demonstrator." AIN Online, 7 July 2015.
  8. ^ Perry, Dominic. "Bluecopter flights end without tests of single-engine operation." Flight International, 2 December 2015.
  9. ^ "Eurocopter and Hermès deliver first EC135 'l'Hélicoptère par Hermès'." Business Jet Interiors International, Retrieved: 31 May 2015.
  10. ^ Wynbrandt, James. "Web Extra: More Personalization Options for Hermes EC135." AIN Online, 16 July 2014.
  11. ^ "EC135 Helicopter to be built in China". Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
  12. ^ "Airbus Helicopter Signs China Deal for More Than $1b." Bloomberg, 30 October 2015.
  13. ^ Perry, Dominic. "H135 helicopters due for China assembly." Flight International, 30 October 2015.
  14. ^ "Airbus Helicopters breaks ground on first helicopter assembly line in China" (Press release). Airbus Helicopters. 27 May 2017.
  15. ^ Pittaway, Nigel (June 2019). "China's H135 final assembly line". Air International. Vol. 96, no. 6. p. 117. ISSN 0306-5634.
  16. ^ Gerden, Eugene. "Russia's Ural Works of Civil Aviation to start licensed production of H135s." Vertical, 28 January 2016.
  17. ^ Korsunskaya, Darya. "Russia signs license agreement on producing Airbus H135 helicopters in Russia." Reuters, 25 January 2016.
  18. ^ "Airbus Helicopters plans to start producing H135 helicopters in Russia in 2017." Archived 19 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine TASS, 13 May 2016.
  19. ^ a b c Nathan, Stuart. "Helicopters give latest technologies a whirl." The Engineer, 12 December 2014.
  20. ^ a b Airbus (17 December 2020). "Airbus Helicopters boosts the mission capabilities of its H135 helicopters". airbus.com. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021.
  21. ^ a b c d e f g "Civil: H135." Airbus Helicopters, Retrieved: 16 November 2015.
  22. ^ a b c Benenson 2004. pp. 89–90.
  23. ^ "Eurocopter shows the capability of its helicopters at MAKS 2011." Archived 24 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine Force, September 2012.
  24. ^ "CAMC selected as NPAS EC135 mission system." Shepard Media, 17 November 2014.
  25. ^ Perry, Dominic. "H135 gains Helionix avionics suite." Flight International, 7 October 2015.
  26. ^ Benenson 2004. pp. 89, 91.
  27. ^ Derby, Paul. "Landmark delivery for Eurocopter EC135." Flight International, 17 June 1999.
  28. ^ Benenson 2004. p. 90.
  29. ^ "Eurocopter delivers 1000th EC135." shephardmedia.com, 21 July 2011.
  30. ^ "NPAS Newcastle." Twitter, 31 March 2013.
  31. ^ "Helicopter Focus: EC135 chosen for offshore wind farm maintenance role | Magazine | Business Air News". www.businessairnews.com.
  32. ^ Civil Aviation Authority (April 2010). "CAP 437 Offshore Helicopter Landing Areas - Guidance on Standards" (PDF). www.caa.co.uk. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 June 2010. Retrieved 24 October 2021.
  33. ^ "Uni-Fly A/S Rescue from Windturbine". YouTube. 30 August 2007. Archived from the original on 12 December 2021. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
  34. ^ "Uni-Fly A/S". Uni-fly.dk. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
  35. ^ "Eurocopter reinforces its Gulf of Mexico presence: Apoyo Logístico Aéreo orders another EC135 helicopter for off-shore oil and gas missions." Airbus Helicopters, 6 March 2013.
  36. ^ Ozbek, Tolga. "EC135 picked for Turkish air ambulance duties." Flight International, 9 May 2013.
  37. ^ Roberts, Liz. "Fuel-gauge worry grounds almost half Britain's air ambulances." Grough, 12 December 2013.
  38. ^ "Airbus Helicopters delivers China's first EC135 fully-equipped air ambulance." Archived 14 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine Aviation World News, 9 October 2014.
  39. ^ Tomkins, Richard. "Airbus Helicopters continues support for German Army pilot training." United Press International, 17 December 2014.
  40. ^ "Auto-rotation training drives German army light-twin requirement." Flight International, 25 June 2014.
  41. ^ a b "Japan military receives TH-135 trio from Airbus Helicopters." Vertical, 5 December 2014.
  42. ^ "Turbomeca Celebrates Arrius 2B2plus Entry-into-Service on EC135 T3." Newswire today, 10 December 2014.
  43. ^ Spruce, Terry. "Airbus Helicopters delivers first upgraded H135." Helicopter Investor, 18 June 2015.
  44. ^ "Airbus Helicopters Upgrades Bavarian Police H135s." Archived 22 June 2015 at the Wayback Machine Aviation Today, 17 June 2015.
  45. ^ "Waypoint Leasing to acquire 20 H135s as first lessor for this rotorcraft." Vertical, 7 October 2015.
  46. ^ "JUNO HT1". Royal Air Force. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
  47. ^ "Airbus Helicopters Fully Operational as UK MFTS Aircraft Service Provider". Airbus Helicopters (Press release). 2 October 2018. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
  48. ^ Perry, Dominic (6 April 2017). "PICTURES: Juno and Jupiter helicopters arrive at RAF Shawbury". Flight Global. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
  49. ^ Doran, Cpl Mark (29 July 2017). "Quantum advance in aircrew training" (PDF). Army News: The Soldiers' Newspaper (1399 ed.). Canberra: Department of Defence. Special lift out page 2. ISSN 0729-5685. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2019. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
  50. ^ a b "Joint Helicopter School graduates first course". Australian Aviation. 21 September 2018. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
  51. ^ McLaughlin, Andrew (26 October 2014). "Australia confirms HATS win for Boeing/Thales EC135 bid". Flight Global. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
  52. ^ a b Minister for Defence Richard Marles (7 February 2024). "Black Hawk and H135 Juno Training Helicopters to land in 2024". Department of Defence Ministers (Press release). Retrieved 13 March 2024.
  53. ^ a b c Felton, Ben (7 February 2024). "Army to lease surplus British helicopters". Australian Defence Magazine. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
  54. ^ "Type Acceptance Report" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 October 2012. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
  55. ^ a b Dubois, Thierry. "Deliveries of Airbus Helicopters EC135 T3/P3 Delayed." AIN Online, 25 February 2014.
  56. ^ Goller, Gabriel (27 January 2022). "Airbus Helicopters Naming Convention" (PDF). Airbus.
  57. ^ a b c d e f "World Air Forces 2013" (PDF). Flightglobal Insight. 2013. Retrieved 17 March 2013.
  58. ^ "Switzerland Orders 20 EC635/EC135 for its Armed Forces". www.defense-aerospace.com.
  59. ^ "Swiss Air Force Receives 20th Eurocopter EC635 Helicopter; Eurocopter Completes Contract On Time And On Quality". www.defense-aerospace.com.
  60. ^ "EC 635 Twin-Engine Light Combat Helicopter - Airforce Technology". www.airforce-technology.com.
  61. ^ Dominic Perry (29 November 2016). "ANALYSIS: How Airbus Helicopters has kept its 20-year-old H135 looking young". FlightGlobal.
  62. ^ "WorldAirForces2016-Corrected.pdf". flightglobal.com. Archived from the original on 19 January 2016. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
  63. ^ World Air Force 2014 – Flight International, Flightglobal.com, Accessed 23 November 2014
  64. ^ Barreira, Victor (24 December 2018). "Brazilian Navy to acquire EC135 T3 helicopters". Jane's 360. Rio de Janeiro. Archived from the original on 3 January 2019. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
  65. ^ Mukherjee, Upasana (5 November 2024). "Airbus to supply 19 H135 helicopters to RCAF". Airforce Technology. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
  66. ^ "Gabon's new Helicopter!". smallairforces.com. 3 October 2011. Retrieved 17 March 2013.
  67. ^ "World Air Forces 2024". flightglobal.
  68. ^ "Morocco orders H135 for training use". Air International. Vol. 103, no. 2. September 2022. p. 49. ISSN 0306-5634.
  69. ^ "The Moroccan Royal Gendarmerie is recognized for its 50 years of Eurocopter helicopter operations". eurocopter.com. Archived from the original on 9 April 2013. Retrieved 17 March 2013.
  70. ^ "Moroccan Royal Gendarmerie EC-135T". Demand media. Retrieved 17 March 2013.
  71. ^ AirForces Monthly. Stamford, Lincolnshire, England: Key Publishing Ltd. August 2016. p. 30.
  72. ^ "Materiales – Helicópteros – HE-26". Ministerio de Defensa de España. Retrieved 26 March 2013.
  73. ^ Smith, Rory (29 February 2020). "RAF chief opens state-of-the-art helicopter training facilities in Shawbury". Shropshire Star. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  74. ^ "Eurocopter delivers second EC135T2+ to Argentina's Federal Police". 13 September 2011.
  75. ^ Rivas, Santiago (April 2021). "Cracking the Drug cartels". Air International. Vol. 100, no. 4. pp. 46–49. ISSN 0306-5634.
  76. ^ "HeliHub.com Austrian Minister of the Interior presents Eurocopter EC135 to Air Police in Innsbruck". helihub.com. 6 May 2008.
  77. ^ "Eurocopter Canada delivers two EC135P2+ to Ontario Provincial Police". helihub.com. 29 May 2011. Retrieved 17 March 2013.
  78. ^ "Carabineros de Chile reciben un H135". defensa.com. 11 October 2016.
  79. ^ "MUP RH kupio helikopter EC-135 za nadzor granice i prijevoz stradalih". defender.hr. Archived from the original on 30 June 2013. Retrieved 27 June 2013.
  80. ^ "Eurocopter EC 135". vrtulník.cz. 29 July 2011. Retrieved 25 December 2013.
  81. ^ "Turbomeca sign support agreement with German Federal Police". helihub.com. 13 September 2012. Retrieved 17 March 2013.
  82. ^ "Allgemeines". polizei.rlp.de. Archived from the original on 27 May 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
  83. ^ "Légimentés: milliárdokért cseréltek gazdát a helikopterek". napi.hu. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
  84. ^ "Garda Air Support Unit (GASU)". 2014. An Garda Síochána. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
  85. ^ "Eurocopter Japan delivers EC135T2 to National Police Agency". helihub.com. February 2013. Retrieved 17 March 2013.
  86. ^ "Valstybės sienos apsaugos tarnyba". Pasienis.lt. 30 April 2013. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
  87. ^ "Hoe ziet de luchtvloot er uit?". politie.nl. Archived from the original on 21 June 2013. Retrieved 3 August 2013.
  88. ^ "Traumahelikopters MAA - ANWB". www.anwb.nl. 23 June 2017.
  89. ^ "Norwegian Police lease second EC135". helihub.com. 23 May 2012. Retrieved 17 March 2013.
  90. ^ "EC 135". lpr.com.pl. Archived from the original on 15 December 2013. Retrieved 12 December 2013.
  91. ^ "Nowy śmigłowiec nareszcie w rękach Straży Granicznej - InfoSecurity24". infosecurity24.pl. 3 January 2020.
  92. ^ "EC 135". aviatie.mai.gov.ro. Archived from the original on 21 February 2014. Retrieved 17 February 2014.
  93. ^ "EC 135". smurd.ro. Retrieved 17 February 2014.
  94. ^ "Heli-One upgrades EC135 for Slovenian National Police". helihub.com. 14 September 2012. Retrieved 17 March 2013.
  95. ^ Guardia Civil. "El Aire". Archived from the original on 12 July 2013. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
  96. ^ Dirección General de la Policía. "Servicio de Medios Aéreos-Helicópteros". Archived from the original on 2 February 2013. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
  97. ^ "Northern Lighthouse Board upgrading to EC135". helihub.com. 24 November 2010. Retrieved 12 December 2013.
  98. ^ "National Police Air Service (NPAS)". .durham.police.uk. Archived from the original on 4 August 2018. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
  99. ^ "Glasgow City Heliport Based Aircraft". ukemergencyaviation.co.uk. Archived from the original on 23 July 2012. Retrieved 30 November 2013.
  100. ^ "New Helicopter 'G-GLAA' for GLA Contract". Trinityhouse.com. 12 October 2015. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  101. ^ "EC 135". www.acilafet.gov.tr. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
  102. ^ "Broward County Sheriff orders third EC135". helihub.com. 12 February 2012. Retrieved 17 March 2013.
  103. ^ "State Police Airwing Section". mass.gov. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
  104. ^ "NASA places order for three Airbus H135 helicopters". Airbus. 28 October 2021.
  105. ^ "Glasgow helicopter crash: Nine dead at Clutha pub". BBC News. 30 November 2013.
  106. ^ "Glasgow helicopter crash: ninth body recovered". BBC News. 2 December 2013.
  107. ^ "Aircraft Accident Report AAR 3/2015 - G-SPAO, 29 November 2013".
  108. ^ "2 killed, 4 injured when BSO Fire Rescue chopper crashes into apartment building in Pompano Beach". 28 August 2023.
  109. ^ Eurocopter. "Eurocopter EC135" (PDF). eurocopter.ca. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 September 2011. Retrieved 24 October 2021.
edit
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Airbus Helicopters H135.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eurocopter_EC135&oldid=1264750137"