Bruce McLaren

This article is about the racing driver. For the academic, see Bruce M. McLaren.

Bruce Leslie McLaren (30 August 1937 – 2 June 1970) was a New Zealand racing driver, automotive designer, engineer and motorsport executive, who competed in Formula One from 1958 to 1970. McLaren was runner-up in the Formula One World Drivers' Championship in 1960 with Cooper, and won four Grands Prix across 13 seasons. In endurance racing, McLaren won the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1966 with Ford. He founded McLaren in 1963, who have since won nine World Constructors' Championship titles and remain the only team to have completed the Triple Crown of Motorsport.

Bruce McLaren
McLaren in 1966
Born	Bruce Leslie McLaren (1937-08-30)30 August 1937 Auckland, New Zealand
Died	2 June 1970(1970-06-02) (aged 32) Goodwood Circuit, Sussex, England
Cause of death	Injuries sustained whilst testing the McLaren M8D
Spouse	Patricia Broad ​ (m. 1961)​
Children	1
Formula One World Championship career
Nationality	New Zealander
Active years	1958–1970
Teams	Cooper, McLaren, Eagle
Entries	104 (100 starts)
Championships	0
Wins	4
Podiums	27
Career points	188.5 (196.5)
Pole positions	0
Fastest laps	3
First entry	1958 German Grand Prix
First win	1959 United States Grand Prix
Last win	1968 Belgian Grand Prix
Last entry	1970 Monaco Grand Prix
24 Hours of Le Mans career
Years	1959, 1961–1967, 1969
Teams	Cooper Car Company, Maserati, Aston Martin, Ford, Shelby, McLaren
Best finish	1st (1966)
Class wins	1 (1966)

Born and raised in Auckland, McLaren initially studied engineering at the University of Auckland before dropping out to focus on his motor racing career. Having entered his first hillclimbing event aged 14, he progressed to Formula Two in 1957, winning the New Zealand Championship the following year. His performance at the New Zealand Grand Prix attracted the attention of Jack Brabham, with whom he partnered at Cooper in 1959 having already debuted at the 1958 German Grand Prix, where he finished fifth in his Formula Two machinery. Aged 22, McLaren took his maiden win at the United States Grand Prix, becoming the then-youngest driver to win a Formula One Grand Prix, a record which stood for 44 years. Remaining at Cooper for 1960, McLaren took a further win in Argentina—amongst several podiums—as he finished championship runner-up to teammate Brabham. After a winless 1961 season for Cooper, Brabham won the 1962 Monaco Grand Prix, finishing third in the championship to Graham Hill and Jim Clark. Cooper struggled for performance from 1963 to 1965 as Lotus, BRM and Ferrari dominated the championship, prompting McLaren to enter Formula One with his own team. McLaren founded Bruce McLaren Motor Racing in 1963, with whom he competed from 1966 until his death in 1970. With the team, he won the Belgian Grand Prix in 1968 and finished third in the 1969 World Drivers' Championship. In June 1970, he died whilst testing the McLaren M8D at Goodwood, having achieved four wins, three fastest laps and 27 podiums in Formula One.

Outside of Formula One, McLaren competed in nine editions of the 24 Hours of Le Mans from 1959 to 1969, winning in 1966 alongside Chris Amon in the Ford GT40 Mk II. He was also a two-time champion of the Canadian-American Challenge Cup in 1967 and 1969, driving his own M6A and M8B, and won the Tasman Series in 1964. His legacy has been cemented with the McLaren Group, whose achievements have included winning nine World Constructors' Championships, two Indianapolis 500s, and the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1995. McLaren was inducted into the International Motorsports Hall of Fame in 1991.

Early life

The former McLaren Garage in Remuera, Auckland

Born in Auckland, New Zealand, Bruce McLaren attended Meadowbank Primary School. As a nine-year-old, he was diagnosed with Perthes disease in his hip that left his left leg shorter than the right.

His parents, Les and Ruth McLaren, owned a service station and workshop in Remuera Rd, Remuera, Auckland; Les McLaren had been a motorcycle racing enthusiast, but gave that up due to an injury before Bruce's birth, and began racing cars at the club level instead. Bruce spent all of his free hours hanging around the workshop and developed his passion during his formative years. The former garage was first listed as a category 1 historic place by Heritage New Zealand in 2006.

After finishing high school at Seddon Memorial Technical College, McLaren enrolled in the School of Engineering at Auckland University, however he dropped out after motor racing success; his student record card was reported to have been ended with the words "went motor racing".

Career

Les McLaren restored an Austin 7 Ulster, which 14-year-old Bruce used in 1952 when he entered his first competition, a hillclimb at Muriwai, where he won the 750 cc class. Two years later, he took part in his first real race and showed promise. He moved up from the Austin to a Ford 10 special and an Austin-Healey, then a Formula Two (F2) Cooper-Climax sports racing car. He immediately began to modify, improve and master it, so much so that he was runner-up in the 1957–58 New Zealand championship series.

McLaren founded McLaren Automotive in 1963.

Driving career

Grand Prix

McLaren at the 1962 Dutch Grand Prix

McLaren in the 1969 German Grand Prix

McLaren (centre left, white balaclava) prepares to take his seat in his McLaren M7C Formula One car, prior to the 1969 Dutch Grand Prix

His performance in the New Zealand Grand Prix in 1958 was noticed by Australian driver Jack Brabham (who would later invite McLaren to drive for him). Because of his obvious potential, the New Zealand International Grand Prix organisation selected him for its 'Driver to Europe' scheme designed to give a promising Kiwi driver year-round experience with the best in the world. McLaren was the first recipient, to be followed by others later including Denny Hulme. McLaren went to Cooper and stayed seven years. He raced in F2 and was entered in the German Grand Prix at the Nürburgring in which F2 and F1 cars competed together. He astounded the motor racing fraternity by being the first F2, and fifth overall, in a field of the best drivers in the world.

McLaren joined the Cooper factory F1 team alongside Jack Brabham in 1959 and won the 1959 United States Grand Prix at age 22 years 104 days, becoming the youngest ever GP winner (not including the Indianapolis 500) up to that time. This record would stand for more than four decades until Fernando Alonso's victory at the 2003 Hungarian Grand Prix. He followed that with a win in the Argentine Grand Prix, the first race of the 1960 Formula One season, and he would finish runner-up that season to Brabham.

McLaren won the 1962 Monaco Grand Prix, eventually finishing third in the championship that year. The next year, he founded Bruce McLaren Motor Racing Ltd, which remains in the Formula One championship simply as McLaren. McLaren continued to race and win in Coopers (including the New Zealand GP in 1964).

McLaren left Cooper at the end of 1965, and announced his own GP racing team, with co-driver and fellow Kiwi Chris Amon. Amon left in 1967 to drive for Ferrari. In 1968, McLaren was joined by another fellow Kiwi Denny Hulme, who had become world champion in 1967 with Brabham. McLaren took his fourth career win racing his own McLaren car at Spa in 1968, achieving the team's first Grand Prix win. Hulme won twice in the McLaren-Ford.

The 1969 championship was also a success, with McLaren finishing third in the standings despite taking no wins. In tribute to his homeland, McLaren's cars featured the "speedy Kiwi" logo.

Can-Am series

McLaren's design flair and ingenuity were graphically demonstrated in powerful sports car racing. Just as the Can-Am began to become very popular with fans in Canada and the U.S., the new McLaren cars finished second twice, and third twice, in six races.

In 1967, they won five of six races and in 1968, four of six. The following year, McLarens proved unbeatable, winning all 11 races. In two races, they finished 1–2–3.

24 Hours of Le Mans

In 1965, McLaren and co-driver Ken Miles raced a Ford GT40 in the 24 Hour Race at Le Mans. The car was leading after 45 laps but retired due to gearbox failure. In 1966, McLaren and co-driver Chris Amon won the race in a Ford GT40, in a Ford 1-2-3 finish. The Ken Miles-Denny Hulme entry crossed the line first but had travelled less distance due to the Le Mans style start.

Career as a constructor

McLaren was a competitive driver, but his legacy, the McLaren racing team, stems from his abilities as an analyst, engineer, and manager. In the early days of McLaren sports cars, McLaren was testing and as he drove out of the pits, he noticed the fuel filler access door was flapping up and down as he drove. The current aerodynamic thinking was that it should have been pressed more firmly in place as the speed of the car increased. Instead, it bounced more vigorously as the speed increased. Instantly, his frustration at the sloppy work changed and he had an insight. Stopping in the pits, he grabbed a pair of shears and started cutting the bodywork away behind the radiator. Climbing back in the car, he immediately began turning lap times faster than before.

Later, he explained,

I was first angry that the filler door hadn't been properly closed but then I began to wonder why it wasn't being pressed down by the airflow. The only answer was that there had to be a source of higher pressure air under it than over it.

From that session came the "nostrils" that have been a key McLaren design feature, including in the McLaren P1 road car.

McLaren noticed that his team's cars were less innovative than the Chaparrals of rival driver/designer Jim Hall, but their superior reliability was rewarded by race and championship victories. That culture continued after his death and, when Ron Dennis bought the team, was reinforced by the lessons learned in his early career as a race mechanic.

Death

Bruce McLaren died aged 32 when his Can-Am car crashed on the Lavant Straight just before Woodcote corner at Goodwood Circuit in England on 2 June 1970. He had been testing his new McLaren M8D when the rear bodywork came adrift at speed. The loss of aerodynamic downforce destabilised the car, which spun, left the track, and hit a bunker used as a flag station.

Motorsport author Eoin Young said that McLaren had "virtually penned his own epitaph" in his 1964 book From the Cockpit. Referring to the death of teammate Timmy Mayer, McLaren had written:

The news that he had died instantly was a terrible shock to all of us, but who is to say that he had not seen more, done more and learned more in his few years than many people do in a lifetime? To do something well is so worthwhile that to die trying to do it better cannot be foolhardy. It would be a waste of life to do nothing with one's ability, for I feel that life is measured in achievement, not in years alone.

He was buried at Waikumete Cemetery in Glen Eden. McLaren was survived by his wife, sisters and daughter, Amanda, who is a brand ambassador for McLaren and is one of the trustees of the Bruce McLaren Trust alongside her husband. His wife died in 2016.

Legacy

• The team Bruce McLaren founded in 1963 would continue on after his death and win 9 Constructors' Championships and 12 Drivers' Championships in Formula One.
• Bruce McLaren Intermediate School in West Auckland was named after him shortly after his death. It was originally going to be called Henderson South Intermediate. The school is on Bruce McLaren Road, in the suburb of McLaren Park.
• In 2015 the Taupō Motorsport Park in New Zealand was renamed Bruce McLaren Motorsport Park.
• In 2000, Motorsport NZ and the Prodrive Trust created the Bruce McLaren Scholarship to help up-and-coming New Zealand racing drivers.
• Inducted into the New Zealand Sports Hall of Fame in 1990.
• Inducted into the International Motorsports Hall of Fame in 1991.
• Inducted into the Indianapolis Motor Speedway Hall of Fame in 1991.
• Inducted into the New Zealand Motorsports Wall of Fame in 1994.
• Inducted into the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America in 1995.
• The Bruce McLaren Trust, based in Auckland, New Zealand, perpetuates his memory and runs a small museum, formerly located in the flat where Bruce grew up (above a petrol station in Remuera), now located at Hampton Downs Motorsport Park.
• On 20 January 2007, at New Zealand's round of the A1 Grand Prix series, it was announced that a movie was to be made about Bruce McLaren.
• On 21 February 2017 it was announced that Roger Donaldson would be making a movie called McLaren.
• The University of Auckland Formula SAE team use Bruce's racing number 47 as their car number in memory of Bruce.
• Inducted into the New Zealand Business Hall of Fame in 2022.
• A Ryman Healthcare village in Howick, Auckland, named as Bruce McLaren Retirement Village in his honour.

In popular culture

Main article: McLaren (film)

• The story of Bruce McLaren was told in the 2017 documentary film McLaren by Roger Donaldson.
• McLaren was portrayed by Benjamin Rigby in the 2019 drama film Ford v Ferrari.

Racing record

Complete Formula One World Championship results

(key) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year	Entrant	Chassis	Engine	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	WDC	Pts.
1958	Cooper Car Company	Cooper T45 F2	Climax Straight-4	ARG	MON	NED	500	BEL	FRA	GBR	GER 5*	POR	ITA	MOR 13			NC	0*
1959	Cooper Car Company	Cooper T45	Climax Straight-4	MON 5	500	NED											6th	16.5
		Cooper T51					FRA 5	GBR 3	GER Ret	POR Ret	ITA Ret	USA 1
1960	Cooper Car Company	Cooper T51	Climax Straight-4	ARG 1													2nd	34 (37)
		Cooper T53			MON 2	500	NED Ret	BEL 2	FRA 3	GBR 4	POR 2	ITA	USA 3
1961	Cooper Car Company	Cooper T55	Climax Straight-4	MON 6	NED 12	BEL Ret	FRA 5	GBR 8	GER 6	ITA 3	USA 4						8th	11
1962	Cooper Car Company	Cooper T60	Climax V8	NED Ret	MON 1	BEL Ret	FRA 4	GBR 3	GER 5	ITA 3	USA 3	RSA 2					3rd	27 (32)
1963	Cooper Car Company	Cooper T66	Climax V8	MON 3	BEL 2	NED Ret	FRA 12	GBR Ret	GER Ret	ITA 3	USA 11	MEX Ret	RSA 4				6th	17
1964	Cooper Car Company	Cooper T66	Climax V8	MON Ret													7th	13
		Cooper T73			NED 7	BEL 2	FRA 6	GBR Ret	GER Ret	AUT Ret	ITA 2	USA Ret	MEX 7
1965	Cooper Car Company	Cooper T73	Climax V8	RSA 5													9th	10
		Cooper T77			MON 5	BEL 3	FRA Ret	GBR 10	NED Ret	GER Ret	ITA 5	USA Ret	MEX Ret
1966	Bruce McLaren Motor Racing	McLaren M2B	Ford V8	MON Ret							USA 5	MEX Ret					16th	3
			Serenissima V8		BEL DNS	FRA	GBR 6	NED DNS	GER	ITA
1967	Bruce McLaren Motor Racing	McLaren M4B	BRM V8	RSA	MON 4	NED Ret	BEL										14th	3
	Anglo American Racers	Eagle T1G	Weslake V12					FRA Ret	GBR Ret	GER Ret
	Bruce McLaren Motor Racing	McLaren M5A	BRM V12								CAN 7	ITA Ret	USA Ret	MEX Ret
1968	Bruce McLaren Motor Racing	McLaren M7A	Cosworth V8	RSA	ESP Ret	MON Ret	BEL 1	NED Ret	FRA 8	GBR 7	GER 13	ITA Ret	CAN 2	USA 6	MEX 2		5th	22
1969	Bruce McLaren Motor Racing	McLaren M7B	Cosworth V8	RSA 5													3rd	26
		McLaren M7C			ESP 2	MON 5	NED Ret	FRA 4	GBR 3	GER 3	ITA 4	CAN 5	USA DNS	MEX DNS
1970	Bruce McLaren Motor Racing	McLaren M14A	Cosworth V8	RSA Ret	ESP 2	MON Ret	BEL	NED	FRA	GBR	GER	AUT	ITA	CAN	USA	MEX	14th	6

* McLaren was ineligible to score points in the 1958 German Grand Prix because he was driving a Formula Two car.

Non-championship results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year	Entrant	Chassis	Engine	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21
1958	Cooper Car Company	Cooper T45	Climax Straight-4	BUE	GLV	SYR	AIN 13	INT 9	CAE
1959	Cooper Car Company	Cooper T45	Climax Straight-4	BUE	GLV 6	AIN 3	INT Ret
		Cooper T51						OUL Ret	SIL
1960	Cooper Car Company	Cooper T51	Climax Straight-4	BUE Ret	GLV 4
		Cooper T53				INT 14	SIL 3	LOM	OUL 4
1961	Cooper Car Company	Cooper T53	Climax V8	LOM	GLV	PAU	BRX 2	VIE						SOL 4	KAN	DAN	MOD	FLG	OUL 3	LEW	VAL	RAN	NAT	RSA
		Cooper T55							AIN 2	SYR WD	NAP	LON	SIL Ret
1962	Cooper Car Company	Cooper T55	Climax V8	CAP	BRX	LOM	LAV 1	GLV 2	PAU	AIN 2	INT 5	NAP	MAL	CLP 3
		Cooper T60													RMS 1	SOL	KAN	MED	DAN	OUL Ret	MEX Ret	RAN	NAT
1963	Cooper Car Company	Cooper T66	Climax V8	LOM 4	GLV 2	PAU	IMO	SYR	AIN 5	INT 2	ROM	SOL	KAN	MED	AUT	OUL 6	RAN
1964	Cooper Car Company	Cooper T66	Climax V8	DMT 3	NWT Ret	SYR
		Cooper T73					AIN Ret	INT 15	SOL	MED	RAN
1965	Cooper Car Company	Cooper T77	Climax V8	ROC 5	SYR	SMT 4	INT 6	MED	RAN
1967	Bruce McLaren Motor Racing	McLaren M4B	BRM V8	ROC Ret	SPR 5	INT 5	SYR	OUL	ESP
1968	Bruce McLaren Motor Racing	McLaren M7A	Ford-Cosworth V8	ROC 1	INT 2	OUL
1969	Bruce McLaren Motor Racing	McLaren M7B	Ford-Cosworth V8	ROC Ret
		McLaren M7C			INT 6	MAD	OUL
1970	Bruce McLaren Motor Racing	McLaren M14A	Ford-Cosworth V8	ROC Ret	INT 4	OUL

Complete 24 Hours of Le Mans results

Year	Team	Co-drivers	Car	Class	Laps	Pos.	Class pos.
1959	Cooper Car Company	Jim Russell	Cooper Monaco	S 2.0	79	DNF	DNF
1961	Briggs Cunningham	Walt Hansgen	Maserati Tipo 63	S 3.0	31	DNF	DNF
1962	Briggs Cunningham	Walt Hansgen	Maserati Tipo 151	E +3.0	177	DNF	DNF
1963	David Brown Racing Dept.	Innes Ireland	Aston Martin DP214	GT +3.0	59	DNF	DNF
1964	Ford Motor Company	Phil Hill	Ford GT40	P 5.0	192	DNF	DNF
1965	Shelby American Inc.	Ken Miles	Ford GT40X	P +5.0	89	DNF	DNF
1966	Shelby American Inc.	Chris Amon	Ford Mk.II	P +5.0	360	1st	1st
1967	Shelby American Inc.	Mark Donohue	Ford Mk.IV	P +5.0	359	4th	4th
1969	John Woolfe Racing	John Woolfe	McLaren M6B	S 5.0	-	DNA	DNA
Source:

Complete British Saloon Car Championship results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap.)

Year	Team	Car	Class	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	Pos.	Pts	Class
1961	Peter Berry Racing Ltd	Jaguar Mk II 3.8	D	SNE	GOO 5	AIN 3	SIL 3	CRY	SIL Ret	BRH 4	OUL 3	SNE 3	13th	16	4th
1965	Nippon Racing	Isuzu Bellett	C	BRH	OUL	SNE	GOO DNS	SIL	CRY	BRH	OUL		NC	0	NC
Source:

Complete Tasman Series results

Year	Chassis	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	Rank	Points
1964	Cooper T70	LEV (3)	PUK 1	WIG 1	TER 1	SAN Ret	WAR 2	LAK (3)	LON 2	1st	39 (47)
1965	Cooper T79	PUK Ret	LEV (5)	WIG 2	TER 2	WAR Ret	SAN 4	LON 1		2nd	24 (26)
1968	BRM P126	PUK Ret	LEV Ret	WIG 5	TER 1	SUR	WAR	SAN	LON	6th	11

Complete Canadian-American Challenge Cup results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year	Team	Car	Engine	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	Pos	Points
1966	Bruce McLaren Motor Racing	McLaren M1B	Chevrolet V8	MTR 2	BRI 3	MOS Ret	LAG 3	RIV Ret	LVG 3						3rd	20
1967	Bruce Mclaren Motor Racing	McLaren M6A	Chevrolet V8	ROA Ret	BRI 2	MOS 2	LAG 1	RIV 1	LVG Ret						1st	30
1968	Bruce McLaren Motor Racing	McLaren M8A	Chevrolet V8	ROA 2	BRI Ret	EDM 2*	LAG 5	RIV 1	LVG 6						2nd	24
1969	Bruce McLaren Motor Racing	McLaren M8B	Chevrolet V8	MOS 1	MTR 2*	WGL 1	EDM Ret	MDO 2	ROA 1	BRI 2	MCH 1	LAG 1	RIV Ret	TWS 1	1st	165
Source:

* Joint fastest lap.

See also

• Formula One drivers from New Zealand

References

Related Books:

• From the Cockpit by Bruce McLaren
• Bruce McLaren: Racing Car Constructor by George Begg
• McLaren – The Man, Cars & Team by Eoin Young
• Eoin Young's McLaren Book
• The Last Season – The Life of Bruce McLaren by Jeanne Beeching
• The Golden Era of New Zealand Motor Racing by Graham Vercoe

A list of further such volumes can be viewed at Historical Books -- Bruce McLaren Trust - History of motorsport racing legend and founder of McLaren F1 and Can-Am teams.

External links

• McLaren Racing official site
• Bruce McLaren Trust official site
• New Zealand Sports Hall of Fame
• Bruce McLaren Biography
• Bruce McLaren at the New Zealand Sports Hall of Fame