The Baku gradonachalstvo[a] was a municipal district (gradonachalstvo) based around the city of Baku in the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. The Baku gradonachalstvo was formed in 1906 on the territory of the Baku uezd of the Baku Governorate following the Armenian–Tatar Massacres, until its disestablishment after the revolution of 1917.[1][2] The area of the Baku gradonachalstvo corresponded to the Absheron Peninsula, located in easternmost present-day Azerbaijan.[3]
Baku gradonachalstvo
Бакинское градоначальство | |
|---|---|
 Location in the Caucasus Viceroyalty | |
| Country | Russian Empire |
| Viceroyalty | Caucasus |
| Established | 1906 |
| Abolished | 1917 |
| Capital | Baku |
| Area | |
| • Total | 1,059.76 km2 (409.18 sq mi) |
| Population (1916) | |
| • Total | 405,829 |
| • Density | 380/km2 (990/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 64.66% |
| • Rural | 35.34% |
Administrative divisions
editThe police precincts (полицеймейстерство, politseymeysterstvos) of the Baku gradonachalstvo in 1917 were as follow:[4]
| Name | Administrative centre | Population | Area |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bakinskoye politseymeystersvo (Бакинское полицеймейстерство, 'Baku police precinct') | Baku | 262,422 | 128.64 square versts (146.40 km2; 56.53 sq mi) |
| Balakhano-Subunchinskoye politseymeystersvo (Балахано-Сабунчинское полицеймейстерство, 'Balakhano-Subunchi police precinct') | Sabunchi (Sabunçu) | 143,407 | 802.56 square versts (913.36 km2; 352.65 sq mi) |
The prefectures (участки, uchastki) of the Balakhano-Subunchi Police Precinct in 1917 were as follow:[5]
| Name | Administrative centre |
|---|---|
| First prefecture (1-й участок) | Sabunchi (Sabunçu) |
| Second prefecture (2-й участок) | Romany (Ramana) |
| Third prefecture (3-й участок) | Zabrat |
| Fourth prefecture (4-й участок) | Balakhany (Balaxanı) |
| Sixth prefecture (5-й участок) | Surakhany (Suraxanı) |
| Seventh prefecture (6-й участок) | Binagady (Binəqədi) |
The rural communities (сельские общества, selskiye obshchestva) of the Balakhano-Subunchu Police Precinct in 1917 were as follow:[5]
- Byul-Byulinskoye (Бюль-Бюлинское)
- Sabunchinskoye (Сабунчинское)
- Romaninskoye (Романинское)
- Bilgyanskoye (Бильгянское)
- Byzovninskoye (Бузовнинское)
- Zabratskoye (Забратское)
- Mashtaginskoye (Маштагинское)
- Nardaranskoye (Нардаранское)
- Balakhanskoye (Балаханское)
- Kyurdakhanskoye (Кюрдаханское)
- Magomedlinskoye (Магомедлинское)
- Pirshaginskoye (Пиршагинское)
- Amiradzhanskoye (Амираджанское)
- Geovsanskoye (Геовсанское)
- Zyrinskoye (Зыринское)
- Zykhskoye (Зыхское)
- Kalinskoye (Калинское)
- Mardakyanskoye (Мардакянское)
- Surakhanskoye (Сураханское)
- Turkyanskoye (Туркянское)
- Shaganskoye (Шаганское)
- Baladzharskoye (Баладжарское)
- Binagadinskoye (Бинагадинское)
- Geokmalinskoye (Геокмалинское)
- Gerodilskoye (Геродильское)
- Gyuzdekskoye (Гюздекское)
- Diginskoye (Дигинское)
- Kobynskoye (Кобынское)
- Novkhaninskoye (Новханинское)
- Fatmanskoye (Фатманское)
- Khadzhi-Gasanskoye (Хаджи-Гасанское)
- Khirdalanskoye (Хирдаланское)
Demographics
editAccording to the 1917 publication of Kavkazskiy kalendar, the Baku gradonachalstvo had a population of 405,829 on 14 January [O.S. 1 January] 1916, including 235,892 men and 169,937 women, 173,489 of whom were the permanent population, and 232,340 were temporary residents:[4]
| Nationality | Urban | Rural | TOTAL | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
| Shia Muslims[b] | 69,366 | 26.43 | 83,532 | 58.25 | 152,898 | 37.68 |
| Russians | 79,702 | 30.37 | 24,897 | 17.36 | 104,599 | 25.77 |
| Armenians | 62,357 | 23.76 | 14,809 | 10.33 | 77,166 | 19.01 |
| Sunni Muslims[c] | 19,510 | 7.43 | 10,420 | 7.27 | 29,930 | 7.38 |
| North Caucasians | 6,687 | 2.55 | 4,699 | 3.28 | 11,386 | 2.81 |
| Georgians | 6,947 | 2.65 | 2,027 | 1.41 | 8,974 | 2.21 |
| Jews | 6,412 | 2.44 | 1,238 | 0.86 | 7,650 | 1.89 |
| Other Europeans | 6,197 | 2.36 | 1,325 | 0.92 | 7,522 | 1.85 |
| Asiatic Christians | 4,313 | 1.64 | 460 | 0.32 | 4,773 | 1.18 |
| Roma | 239 | 0.09 | 0 | 0.00 | 239 | 0.06 |
| Kurds | 501 | 0.19 | 0 | 0.00 | 501 | 0.12 |
| Yazidis | 191 | 0.07 | 0 | 0.00 | 191 | 0.05 |
| TOTAL | 262,422 | 100.00 | 143,407 | 100.00 | 405,829 | 100.00 |
Governors
edit- Mikhail Kanevsky (r. 24 December 1906 – 1907)
- Mikhail Folbaum (r. 20 February 1908 – 22 November 1908/January 1909)
- Pyotr Shubinsky(r. 1908 – 22 January 1909)
- Pyotr Martynov (r. 22 January 1909 – 19 February 1915)[d]
- Georgy Kovalyov (r. 1916 – 8 March 1917)
- Pyotr Ilyushkin (r. 8 March 1917 – not earlier than December 1917)
- Guda Gudiev (r. 29 April 1919 – May 1920)
Notes
editReferences
edit- ^ "Указ об учреждении Бакинского градоначальства :: Баку". bakucity.preslib.az (in Russian). October 28, 1906. Archived from the original on 2021-11-28. Retrieved 2021-11-28.
- ^ Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (in Russian). St Petersburg: Акционерное издательское общество Ф. А. Брокгауз — И. А. Ефрон. 1907.
- ^ Tsutsiev 2014, p. 59.
- ^ a b Кавказский календарь на 1917 год, pp. 182–185.
- ^ a b Кавказский календарь на 1917 год, pp. 22–23.
- ^ a b Hovannisian 1971, p. 67.
Bibliography
edit- Hovannisian, Richard G. (1971). The Republic of Armenia: The First Year, 1918–1919. Vol. 1. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520019843.
- Кавказский календарь на 1917 год [Caucasian calendar for 1917] (in Russian) (72nd ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1917. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021.
- Tsutsiev, Arthur (2014). Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus (PDF). Translated by Nora Seligman Favorov. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300153088. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 June 2023.