Wikipedia

1520s

The 1520s decade ran from January 1, 1520, to December 31, 1529.

Events

1520

This section is transcluded from 1520. (edit | history)

January–March

edit

April–June

edit

July–September

edit

October–December

edit
  • October 21 (Feast of St. Ursula) – The islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon are discovered by Portuguese explorer João Álvares Fagundes, off Newfoundland. He names them Islands of the 11,000 Virgins, in honour of Saint Ursula.
  • October 23 – Charles V is crowned King of Germany in Aachen.[20]
  • October 21 – The four remaining ships of the Magellan expedition and their crews confirm that they have found the passage that that will be named the Strait of Magellan, the passage between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The crew of the San Antonio, led by Estêvão Gomes elects not to sail into strait and begins journeying back to Spain.[21]
  • November 1 – Christian II is crowned king of Sweden in Nikolai Church.[22] The coronation is followed by a three-day feast in Stockholm.
  • November 7 – At the end of the third day of Christian's coronation feast, several leading figures of the Swedish resistance against the Danish invasion are imprisoned, and tried for high treason.[23]
  • November 9– Stockholm Bloodbath: The execution of 82 Swedish noblemen and clergymen, having been sentenced to death for their involvement in the Swedish resistance against the Danish invasion, is completed after two days of beheading.[24]
  • November 25 – Cuauhtémoc becomes the last Aztec Emperor after the death from smallpox of the Emperor Cuitláhuac, who reigned for only 80 days.Orozco y Berra, Manuel (1880). Historia antigua y de la conquista de México (Ancient history of the conquest of Mexico). Tipografía de Gonzalo A. Esteva. p. 493. Retrieved October 7, 2012.
  • November 28 – After navigating through the strait at the southern end of South America, three ships under the command of Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan reach the Pacific Ocean. Magellan thankful to find a peaceful sea after the dangerous trip through the strait, names the body of water "El Mar Pacifico" because of its pacifying waters.[25][26] becoming the first Europeans to sail from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific (the strait is later named the Strait of Magellan).
  • December 10 – Martin Luther burns a copy of The Book of Canon Law (see Canon Law), and his copy of the Papal bull Exsurge Domine.[27]

Date unknown

edit

1521

This section is transcluded from 1521. (edit | history)
 
Neacșu's letter, the oldest surviving document written in Romanian has the oldest appearance of the word "Rumanian"

January–March

edit

April–June

edit

July–September

edit

October–December

edit

Date unknown

edit

1522

This section is transcluded from 1522. (edit | history)

January–March

edit

April–June

edit

July–September

edit

October–December

edit

Date unknown

edit

1523

This section is transcluded from 1523. (edit | history)


January–March

edit

April–June

edit

July–September

edit

October–December

edit

Date unknown

edit
  • The Ming dynasty Chinese navy captures two Western ships with Portuguese breech–loading culverins aboard, which the Chinese call a fo–lang–ji (Frankish culverin). According to the Ming Shi, these cannons are soon presented to the Jiajing Emperor by Wang Hong, and their design is copied in 1529.[120]
  • In northern Italy, a French army under Guillaume Gouffier tries to recover Milan but fails due to an offensive by Spanish, Imperial and English troops and they retreat in mid-November.[121]

1524

This section is transcluded from 1524. (edit | history)

January–March

edit

April–June

edit

July–September

edit

October–December

edit

1525

This section is transcluded from 1525. (edit | history)

January–March

edit

April–June

edit

July–September

edit

October–December

edit

Date unknown

edit

1526

This section is transcluded from 1526. (edit | history)

January–March

edit

April–June

edit

July–September

edit

October–December

edit

Date unknown

edit
  • Gunsmith Bartolomeo Beretta (in Italian) establishes the Beretta Gun Company, which will still be in business in the 21st century, making it one of the world's oldest firearm corporations.[189][190]

1527

This section is transcluded from 1527. (edit | history)

January–March

edit

April–June

edit

July–September

edit

October–December

edit

Date unknown

edit

1528

This section is transcluded from 1528. (edit | history)

January–March

edit

April–June

edit

July–September

edit
  • July 3 – Pope Clement VII issues the bull Religionis zelus, recognizing the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin (Ordo Fratrum Minorum Capuccinorum), commonly known as the Capuchin monks, as a reformist branch of the Franciscans order of Roman Catholicism.[215]
  • July 8 – After surviving a mutiny of his crew and the death of 18 of his men in an ambush in what is now Argentina, Italian Venetian explorer Sebastian Cabot dispatches his flagship, Trinidad, back to Spain with reports and evidence against the mutineers, and a request for further military aid.[216]
  • August 4 – The "Peace of St. Ambrose" is signed in Milan at the Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio, bringing an end to the civil strife between the Milanese nobility and the local merchants.
  • August 26 – Askia Muhammad I, ruler of the Songhai Empire in West Africa since 1493, is forced to abdicate by his son, Askia Musa, who declares himself to be the new Songhai Emperor.[217]
  • August 29 – The Siege of Naples, at the time a part of the Holy Roman Empire, fails four months after it was launched by troops from France, led by Odet de Foix, who had died of illness on August 15. The Imperial, Spanish and Genoese armies pursue their French attackers, who were attempting to retreat to the nearby city of Aversa, and eliminate the survivors.[218]
  • September 3 – The Kyōroku era begins in Japan, with the last day of the Daiei era ending on Daiei 8, 20th day of the 8th month.
  • September 12 – Italian Admiral Andrea Doria defeats his former allies, the French, and establishes the independence of Genoa.
  • September 19 – War of the League of Cognac: The Italian city of Pavia is besieged for the fifth and last time during the decade, after having been attacked in 1522, 1524, 1527, and in May of 1528. Troops from a coalition of the Venetian Republic, the Kingdom of France and the Duchy of Milan break through the city walls after six days of bombardment, kill 700 of the defenders, and recover the city for Francesco II Sforza, Duke of Milan.[219]

October–December

edit

Date unknown

edit

1529

This section is transcluded from 1529. (edit | history)

January–March

edit

April–June

edit

July–September

edit

October–December

edit

Date unknown

edit

Births

Transcluding articles: 1520, 1521, 1522, 1523, 1524, 1525, 1526, 1527, 1528, and 1529

1520

 
Barbara Radziwiłł

1521

 
Maria of Portugal, Duchess of Viseu

1522

 
Dirck Coornhert
 
Mihrimah Sultan

1523

 
Margaret of France, Duchess of Berry
 
Queen Anna

1524

1525

 
Pieter Bruegel the Elder

1526

 
Carolus Clusius
 
Catherine Jagiellon

1527

 
Anna Sophia of Prussia
 
Maria Manuela, Princess of Portugal

1528

 
Jeanne III of Navarre

1529

 
Franciscus Patricius

Deaths

Transcluding articles: 1520, 1521, 1522, 1523, 1524, 1525, 1526, 1527, 1528, and 1529

1520

 
Raphael

1521

 
Zhengde Emperor
 
Ferdinand Magellan
 
Juan Ponce de León
 
Saint Margaret of Lorraine
 
Pope Leo X
 
King Manuel I of Portugal
 
Blessed Domenico Spadafora

1522

 
Johann Reuchlin

1523

 
Pope Adrian VI
 
Pietro Perugino

1524

1525

 
Franciabigio
 
Jakob Fugger

1526

 
Isabella of Austria
 
Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia

1527

 
Juan de Grijalva
 
Niccolò Machiavelli
 
Rodrigo de Bastidas

1528

 
Albrecht Dürer

1529

 
Baldassare Castiglione

References

edit
  1. ^ a b Ewan Butler (1973). The Horizon Concise History of Scandinavia. American Heritage Publishing Company. p. 81. ISBN 978-0-07-009365-2.
  2. ^ Marcus, Kenneth H. (2000). Politics of Power: Elites of an Early Modern State in Germany. Verlag Philipp von Zabern. p. 46. ISBN 3-8053-2534-7.
  3. ^ Creighton, Mandell (1891). "Howard, Thomas II (1473–1554)" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 28. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 64–67.
  4. ^ Cameron, Ian (1974). Magellan and the first circumnavigation of the world. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 101–103. ISBN 029776568X. OCLC 842695.
  5. ^ a b c d Beaglehole, J.C. (1968). The Exploration of the Pacific. Stanford University Press. pp. 25–26. ISBN 9780804703109.
  6. ^ Haliczer, Stephen (1981). The Comuneros of Castile : the forging of a revolution, 1475-1521. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 160–161. ISBN 978-0-299-08500-1. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  7. ^ Gustav Hempel, Geographisch-statistisch-historisches Handbuch des Meklenburger Landes (Güstrow Frege, publisher, 1837), p. 52–53.
  8. ^ Tena, Rafael (2008). El Calendario Mexica y la Cronografía (in Spanish). México, D.F: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia. pp. 48, 108. ISBN 9789680302932. OCLC 704511699.
  9. ^ Martínez, Rodrigo (July 1994). "Doña Isabel Moctezuma, Tecuichpotzin (1509- 1551)" (PDF). Revista de la Universidad de México. 49 (522). México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México: 40–43. OCLC 225987442.
  10. ^ Bergreen, Laurence (2006). Over the Edge of the World: Magellan's Terrifying Circumnavigation of the Globe (audio book). Blackstone Audio. pp. 156, 191–192. ISBN 978-0-7927-4395-8. OCLC 1011550094.
  11. ^ Winston Churchill (1969). History of the English Speaking Peoples: Based on the Text of 'A History of the English-speaking Peoples' by Sir Winston Churchill. B.P.C. Publishing. p. 1096.
  12. ^ Kolb, Robert; Dingel, Irene; Batka, L'ubomir (1 April 2014). "Luther's Life". The Oxford Handbook of Martin Luther's Theology. Oxford University Press. p. 14. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  13. ^ Díaz, Bernal (2008). Carrasco, Davíd (ed.). The History of the Conquest of New Spain. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. pp. 222–223. ISBN 978-0-8263-4287-4. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
  14. ^ Stephen Vincent Grancsay (1986). Arms & Armor: Essays from the Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, 1920-1964. The Museum. p. 207. ISBN 978-0-87099-338-1.
  15. ^ Laurence Bergreen (2003-10-14). Over the Edge of the World. Harper Perennial, 2003. p. 163. ISBN 978-0-06-621173-2.
  16. ^ Mullett, Michael A. (15 September 2014). Martin Luther. Routledge. p. 134. ISBN 978-1-317-64861-1. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  17. ^ Gfrörer, August Friedrich (1863). Gustav Adolph: könig von Schweden und seine Zeit (in German). Adolph Krabbe. p. 3. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  18. ^ Hill, George (23 September 2010). A History of Cyprus. Cambridge University Press. p. 834. ISBN 978-1-108-02064-0. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  19. ^ Emecen, Feridun (12 April 2022). Sultan Sulaiman Al-Qanuni: Penguasa Dua Daratan dan Dua Lautan (in Indonesian). Pustaka Al-Kautsar. pp. 28–29. ISBN 978-979-592-969-7. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  20. ^ Philipp, Marion (2011). Ehrenpforten für Kaiser Karl V.: Festdekorationen als Medien politischer Kommunikation (in German). LIT Verlag Münster. p. 75. ISBN 978-3-643-11134-0. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  21. ^ Laurence Bergreen (2003-10-14). Over the Edge of the World. Harper Perennial, 2003. pp. 191–192. ISBN 978-0-06-621173-2.
  22. ^ Läsebok för folkskolan (in Swedish). Stockholm: P.A. Norstedt & söner. 1903. p. 500. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  23. ^ Hillerbrand, Hans J. (1996). The Oxford encyclopedia of the Reformation. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 114. ISBN 978-0-19-506493-3. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  24. ^ "Stockholms blodbad 1520". Stockholmskällan redaktion (in Swedish). 8 April 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  25. ^ Fitzpatrick, Scott M.; Callaghan, Richard (September 2008). "Magellan's Crossing of the Pacific". The Journal of Pacific History. 43 (2): 145–165. doi:10.1080/00223340802303611. ISSN 0022-3344. S2CID 161223057.
  26. ^ Alberdi Lonbide, Xabier; Etxezarraga Ortuondo, Iosu (May 2021). "The Victoria : An example of Basque maritime technology that enabled the first circumnavigation of the globe, 1518-1522". International Journal of Maritime History. 33 (2): 241–256. doi:10.1177/08438714211013575. ISSN 0843-8714. S2CID 235599215. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  27. ^ Elton, G. R. (2 August 1990). The New Cambridge Modern History: Volume 2, The Reformation, 1520-1559. Cambridge University Press. p. 69. ISBN 978-0-521-34536-1. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  28. ^ Peirce, Leslie P. (2017). Empress of the east : how a European slave girl became queen of the Ottoman Empire. New York: Basic Books. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-465-03251-8. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  29. ^ Brito, Ana (4 December 2013). "CTT: uma empresa onde se lê a história do país". PÚBLICO (in Portuguese). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  30. ^ Michael M. Tavuzzi (1997). Prierias: The Life and Works of Silvestro Mazzolini Da Prierio, 1456-1527. Duke University Press. p. 80. ISBN 0-8223-1976-4.
  31. ^ Hugh Chisholm; James Louis Garvin (1926). The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature & General Information. Encyclopædia Britannica Company. p. 137.
  32. ^ Pitcher, Donald Edgar (1972). An Historical Geography of the Ottoman Empire: From Earliest Times to the End of the Sixteenth Century. Brill Archive. p. 113. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  33. ^ The Downside Review. Downside Abbey. 1970. p. 284.
  34. ^ Annual Economic Review and Statistical Abstract, Guam. Economic Research Center, Department of Commerce. 1994. p. 1. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  35. ^ Rogers, Robert F.; Ballendorf, Dirk Anthony (1989). "Magellan's Landfall in the Mariana Islands". The Journal of Pacific History. 24 (2): 193–208. doi:10.1080/00223348908572614. ISSN 0022-3344. JSTOR 25169001. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  36. ^ Gritsch, Eric W. (1 May 2009). Martin - God's Court Jester: Luther in Retrospect. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 40. ISBN 978-1-60608-637-7. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  37. ^ Arcilla, José S. (1998). An Introduction to Philippine History. Ateneo University Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-971-550-261-0. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  38. ^ Rosario Mendoza Cortes (2000). The Filipino Saga: History as Social Change. New Day Publishers. p. 29. ISBN 978-971-10-1055-3.
  39. ^ Aluit, Alphonso J. (1990). The Philippines: Comprehensive, Authoritative, Up-to-date. Solar Publishing Company. p. 305. ISBN 978-971-17-0637-1. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  40. ^ Old, Hughes Oliphant (2 May 2002). The Reading and Preaching of the Scriptures in the Worship of the Christian Church, Volume 4: The Age of the Reformation. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-8028-4775-1. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  41. ^ a b Haliczer, Stephen (1981). The Comuneros of Castile : the forging of a revolution, 1475-1521. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. p. 204. ISBN 978-0-299-08500-1. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  42. ^ "HISTORY OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH*". www.ccel.org. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  43. ^ Saxl, Fritz (1970). A heritage of images: a selection of lectures. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. p. 112. ISBN 978-0-14-055088-7. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  44. ^ Martínez-García, Ángeles; Gómez-Aguilar, Antonio (2019). "Magallanes: Building a Hero". Revista Latina de Comunicación Socia. 74: 618–636. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  45. ^ Hao, Zhidong (1 January 2011). Macau History and Society. Hong Kong University Press. pp. 11–12. ISBN 978-988-8028-54-2. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  46. ^ a b Harris, Barbara (1976). "The Trial of the Third Duke of Buckingham-A Revisionist View". The American Journal of Legal History. 20 (1): 15–26. doi:10.2307/844847. ISSN 0002-9319. JSTOR 844847. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  47. ^ Studies. Studies. 1985. p. 230.
  48. ^ Darian-Smith, Eve (20 May 2010). Religion, Race, Rights: Landmarks in the History of Modern Anglo-American Law. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 28. ISBN 978-1-84113-729-2. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  49. ^ Geiss, James (1988). "The Chia-ching reign, 1522–1566". The Cambridge History of China. Vol. 7: The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644. Cambridge University Press. pp. 440–510. ISBN 978-0-521-24332-2. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  50. ^ Soraluce, Nicolás de (1864). Historia de la m. n. y m. l. Provincia de Guipúzcoa (in Spanish). Madrid: Joaquin Bernat. p. 241. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  51. ^ Sheppard, Si (2018). Tenochtitlan 1519– 21. Clash Of Civilizations ( Si Sheppard). Bloomsbury. p. 87. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  52. ^ Frieda, Leonie (2018). Francis I: The Maker of Modern France. London: Orion. pp. 132–133. ISBN 978-14746-0-558-8.
  53. ^ Wheatcroft, Andrew (28 April 2009). The Enemy at the Gate: Habsburgs, Ottomans, and the Battle for Europe. Basic Books. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-7867-4454-1. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  54. ^ Sarı, İbrahim (6 February 2013). TÜRK'ÜN SAVAŞLARI: Türklerin İslam Dünyasındaki Liderliği ve Savaşları (in Turkish). Kitapoku. p. 216. ISBN 978-605-4746-20-0. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  55. ^ Seaver, Henry Latimer (1928). The Great Revolt in Castile: A Study of the Comunero Movement of 1520–1521. New York: Octagon Books. p. 346.
  56. ^ Krentz, Natalie (14 March 2014). Ritualwandel und Deutungshoheit: Die frühe Reformation in der Residenzstadt Wittenberg (1500-1533) (in German). Mohr Siebeck. p. 205. ISBN 978-3-16-152679-4. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  57. ^ Mary Agnes Burniston Brazier (1959). The Historical Development of Neurophysiology. American Physiological Society. p. 4.
  58. ^ A short history of the USSR. Moscow: Progress Publishers. 1965. p. 90. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  59. ^ Baumgartner, Frederic J. (2003). Behind Locked Doors: A History of the Papal Elections. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 95–97. ISBN 0-312-29463-8.
  60. ^ Pérez, Joseph (2001). Los Comuneros (in Spanish). Madrid: La Esfera de los Libros, S.L. p. 131. ISBN 84-9734-003-5.
  61. ^ Seaver, Henry Latimer (1966) [1928]. The Great Revolt in Castile: A Study of the Comunero Movement of 1520–1521. New York: Octagon Books. p. 348.
  62. ^ "500 Years of the Grünwald Conference", Museen-in-Bayern
  63. ^ Zhmakin V. I., "Daniil (Metropolitan of Moscow and All Russia)", Russian Biographical Dictionary (St. Petersburg: Dabelov - Dyadkovsky, 1905) pp.84-92
  64. ^ Piero Perego and Ildebrando Santagiuliana, Storia di Treviglio ("History of Treviglio"), Pro Loco, 1987, pp. 351-353
  65. ^ Kulke, Hermann; Rothermund, Dietmar (2004). A History of India. Routledge. p. 181. ISBN 9780415329200.
  66. ^ Roland Bainton, Here I Stand: a Life of Martin Luther (New York: Penguin, 1995) pp. 44–45
  67. ^ Lindberg, Carter (July 2009). The European Reformations. John Wiley and Sons. p. 161. ISBN 978-1-4051-8068-9. Retrieved 15 January 2012.
  68. ^ Martin Brecht, Martin Luther (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1985–1993), p.165
  69. ^ Marcus, Kenneth H. (2000). Politics of Power: Elites of an Early Modern State in Germany. Verlag Philipp von Zabern [de]. p. 47. ISBN 3-8053-2534-7.
  70. ^ André Biéler (2006). Calvin's Economic and Social Thought. World Alliance of Reformed Churches, World Council of Churches. p. 34. ISBN 978-2-8254-1445-3.
  71. ^ Greenleaf, Richard E. (October 1965). "The Inquisition and the Indians of New Spain: A Study in Jurisdictional Confusion". The Americas. 22 (2): 138–166. doi:10.2307/979238. ISSN 0003-1615. JSTOR 979238. Retrieved 27 April 2024.
  72. ^ Martínez, José Luis (1990). Hernán Cortés. México: UNAM-FCE.
  73. ^ Gunjača, Stjepan (September 1960). "Tiniensia archaeologica historica topographica II" (PDF). Starohrvatska Prosvjeta (in Croatian). III (7). Knin: Museum of Croatian Archaeological Monuments: 92. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
  74. ^ Knecht, Robert J. (1994). Renaissance Warrior and Patron: The Reign of Francis I. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 200. ISBN 978-0-521-57885-1.
  75. ^ a b Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 142–145. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
  76. ^ Clodfelter, Micheal (2017). Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492-2015. McFarland. p. 11. ISBN 9781476625850.
  77. ^ a b c d Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 204–210. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
  78. ^ Hackett, Francis (1937). Francis the First. Garden City, NY: Doubleday. p. 253.
  79. ^ "Morlaix", in Dictionnaire historique et géographique de la province de Bretagne, ed. by Jean-Baptiste Ogée (1780)
  80. ^ https://books.google.com/books?id=uvBM4s5eHF8C&q=1522 "Ordinance for the Keeping of King James the Fifth"], in Report on the Manuscripts of the Earl of Mar and Kellie, Volume 1, ed. by Thomas Erskine Kellie (1st earl of), Walter John Francis Erskine earl of Mar and Kellie (London: Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts, 1904) pp.11-12
  81. ^ Stoicescu, Nicolae (1983). Radu de la Afumați. Editura Militară, București.
  82. ^ Baumgartner, Frederic J. (2003). Behind Locked Doors: A History of the Papal Elections. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 97–98. ISBN 0-312-29463-8.
  83. ^ "Ferdinand Magellan". library.princeton.edu. Princeton University Library. 2010. Archived from the original on March 15, 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-09.
  84. ^ Beaglehole, J.C. (1966). The Exploration of the Pacific (3rd ed.). London: Adam & Charles Black. p. 22. OCLC 253002380.
  85. ^ "1522: El año en el que Almería fue destruida por un gran terremoto" (in Spanish). Víctor Hernández Bru. July 11, 2017. Retrieved 2020-02-22.
  86. ^ Caldeira, B.; Fontiela, J.; Borges, J.F.; Bezzeghoud, M. (2017). "Large earthquakes in the Azores". Física de la Tierra. 29: 29–45. doi:10.5209/FITE.57601. hdl:10174/22303.
  87. ^ Johann Eberlin von Günzburg, Fifteen Confederates (Pickwick Publications, 2014) p.14 n.55
  88. ^ Martin Luther A Christian Between Reforms and Modernity (1517-2017) (DeGruyter, 2017) pp.348-349
  89. ^ Lockhart, Paul Douglas (1 July 2007). Denmark, 1513–1660: The Rise and Decline of a Renaissance Monarchy. Oxford University Press. p. 18. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  90. ^ Charles Corn, The Scents of Eden: A History of the Spice Trade (Kodansha America, 1999) p. 57
  91. ^ "Francisco Hernández de Córdoba y la conquista de Nicaragua", by José Calvo Poyato 1988, in Cuadernos Hispanoamericanos (September 1988) p.8
  92. ^ Ferran Valls i Taberner and Ferran Soldevila, Història de Catalunya (Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat, 2002) p.371-372
  93. ^ a b [https://danmarkshistorien.dk/vis/materiale/christian-2-1481-1559/ Christian 2., 1481-1559, regent 1513-1523"], danmarkshistorien.dk
  94. ^ "Katharina von Bora Luther", by Dr. Jack Kilcrease, LutheranReformation.org
  95. ^ Roland H. Bainton, Here I Stand: A Life of Martin Luther (Abingdon-Cokesbury, 1950) p.223
  96. ^ a b c Carlos Meléndez, Hernández de Córdoba: Capitán de conquista en Nicaragua (Editorial San Jose, 1976) pp. 59–64
  97. ^ Roger Savory, Iran under the Safavids (Cambridge University Press, 2007)
  98. ^ Herman J. Selderhuis and Peter Nissen, "The Sixteenth Century", in Handbook of Dutch Church History (Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2014) p.189
  99. ^ "Hungary", by David P. Daniel, "Hungary", in The Early Reformation in Europe, ed. by Andrew Pettegree (Cambridge University Press, 1992) pp. 49–69
  100. ^ "Sickingen, Franz von", Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.)(Cambridge University Press, 1911) p. 36
  101. ^ " Zamachy w Krakowie" ("Assassinations in Krakow"), by Marek Żukow-Karczewski in "Magazyn Sobota" supplement to Gazeta Krakowska (October 1994)
  102. ^ "Gritti, Andrea", by Gino Benzoni, in Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, 2002)
  103. ^ a b Ulf Sundberg, "Befrielsekriget 1521-1523" ("The War of Liberation 1521-1523"), Svenskt Militärhistoriskt Bibliotek, on Archive.org
  104. ^ a b Tien Tse Chang, (1978), Sino-Portuguese Trade from 1514 to 1644: A Synthesis of Portuguese and Chinese Sources (E. J. Brill, 1969) pp.59-60
  105. ^ Goodrich, L. Carrington; Fang, Chaoying (1976). Dictionary of Ming biography, 1368-1644. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 1231–1232. ISBN 978-0-231-03801-0. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  106. ^ The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 1997. p. 463.
  107. ^ "Der Fränkische Krieg 1523 und die Schuld der Sparnecker" ("The Franconian War 1523 and the guilt of Sparnecker"), by B. von Reinhardt Schmalz, in Archiv für die Geschichte von Oberfranken ("Archive for the history of Upper Franconia") No. 85 (2005) p. 151
  108. ^ Brandi, Karl (1927). Deutsche Reformation und Gegenreformation (in German). Quelle & Meyer. p. 169. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  109. ^ Ebru Turan, "The Marriage of Ibrahim Pasha (ca. 1495-1536): The Rise of Sultan Süleyman's Favorite to the Grand Vizierate and the Politics of the Elites in the Early Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Empire" Turcica (2009) pp. 6–9
  110. ^ a b Block, Mathew. "Jan van Essen Archives". International Lutheran Council. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  111. ^ Santos Protomártir, Vaquero (2020). El esforzado Capitán Gonzalo de Sandoval. Revista de Estudios Extremeños. pp. Tomo LXXVI, N.º II, pp. 243-307.
  112. ^ John Julius Norwich, A History of Venice (Vintage Books, 2003) p.439
  113. ^ Sæbø, Magne; Brekelmans, Christianus; Haran, Menahem; Fishbane, Michael A.; Ska, Jean Louis; Machinist, Peter (1996). Hebrew Bible / Old Testament: The History of Its Interpretation: II: From the Renaissance to the Enlightenment. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. p. 397. ISBN 978-3-525-53982-8. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  114. ^ Françoise de Bernardy, The Princes of Monaco (Arthur Barker Ltd., 1961)
  115. ^ Werner, Patrick S. (1996). Los reales de minas de la Nicaragua colonial y la cuidad perdida de Nueva Segovia (in Spanish). Instituto Nicaragüense de Cultura. p. 24. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  116. ^ Frederic J. Baumgartner, Behind Locked Doors: A History of the Papal Elections (Palgrave Macmillan, 2003) pp.98-101
  117. ^ Abdul-Rahim Abu-Husayn, Provincial Leaderships in Syria, 1575-1650 (American University of Beirut, 1985) p.77
  118. ^ Desiderius Erasmus (1 January 1974). The Correspondence of Erasmus: Letters 1356 to 1534, 1523 to 1524: Letters 1356 to 1534, 1523 to 1524. University of Toronto Press. pp. 163–. ISBN 978-0-8020-5976-5.
  119. ^ Florine Asselbergs, Conquered Conquistadors: The Lienzo de Quauhquechollan, A Nahua Vision of the Conquest of Guatemala (University Press of Colorado, 2008) pp. 87–97
  120. ^ Keay, John (2008). China: A History. London: HarperPress. ISBN 9780007221776. 0007221770. The 'breech-loading culverins presented at the Ming court in 1522' were a gift from the Portuguese; and Portuguese arquebuses were acquired in the 1540s by the Japanese, who copied and greatly improved them.
  121. ^ Mallett, Michael Edward (2012). The Italian Wars, 1494-1559 : war, state and society in early modern Europe. Pearson. pp. 146–147. ISBN 978-0-582-05758-6. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  122. ^ Sharer, Robert J.; Loa P. Traxler (2006). The Ancient Maya (6th ed.). Stanford, California, US: Stanford University Press. p. 764. ISBN 0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446.
  123. ^ "Introduction", in Allen J. Christenson, to Popul Vuh: The Sacred Book of the Maya (University of Oklahoma Press, 2012) p.31
  124. ^ Verrazano's Voyage Along the Atlantic Coast of North America, 1524, translation of letters by Giovanni da Verrazzano (University of the State of New York, 1916) p.6 ("The XXIIII day of February we suffered a tempest as severe as ever a man who has navigated suffered... In XXV more days we asailed more than 400 leagues where there appeared to us a new land.")
  125. ^ Paine, Lincoln P. (2000). Ships of Discovery and Exploration. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 37. ISBN 0-395-98415-7.
  126. ^ Grun, Bernard (1991). The Timetables of History (3rd ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 235. ISBN 0-671-74919-6.
  127. ^ James Stuart Olson (1991). The Indians of Central and South America: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 294. ISBN 978-0-313-26387-3.
  128. ^ Janine Garrisson and Emmanuel Haven, A History of Sixteenth Century France, 1483-1598: Renaissance, Reformation and Rebellion (Macmillan Education UK, 1995) p.145
  129. ^ Amy Nelson Burnett, Karlstadt and the Origins of the Eucharistic Controversy: A Study in the Circulation of Ideas (Oxford University Press, 2011) p.143
  130. ^ Lars-Olof Larsson, Gustav Vasa – Landsfader eller tyrann? (Prima, 2005) ISBN 978-9151839042
  131. ^ "Vasco da Gama's Voyage of 'Discovery' 1497". South African History Online. 2011-03-21. Archived from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 2016-11-06.
  132. ^ George Way and Romily Squire, Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia (Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs, 1994). pp. 387-388.
  133. ^ Smith, Adolphe (1912). Monaco and Monte Carlo. Grant Richards. p. 76.
  134. ^ Gordon, Bruce (2002). The Swiss Reformation. Manchester University Press. p. 196. ISBN 978-0-7190-5118-0. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
  135. ^ Hershberger, Guy Franklin (1963). Das Täufertum: Erbe und Verpflichtung (in German). Evangelisches Verlagswerk. p. 59. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
  136. ^ Jean Giono (1965). The Battle of Pavia, 24th February, 1525. P. Owen. p. 134.
  137. ^ Ludlow, Úrsula Camba; Rosas, Alejandro (21 October 2018). Cara o cruz: Hernán Cortés (in Spanish). Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial México. ISBN 978-607-31-7361-2. Retrieved 31 July 2023. Cortés again preferred to get up early, rather than being woken up early, and on February 28, 1525, he ordered Cuauhtémoc to be executed. Thus ended the story of the last emperor of the Aztecs.
  138. ^ Franz, Günther (1 December 1939). "Die Entstehung der "Zwölf Artikel" der deutschen Bauernschaft". Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte - Archive for Reformation History (in German). 36 (jg): 193–213. doi:10.14315/arg-1939-jg14. ISSN 2198-0489. S2CID 163739674. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
  139. ^ Engels, Friedrich (1926). The Peasant War in Germany. International Publishers. p. 118. ISBN 978-91-40-09955-6. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
  140. ^ Wienecke-Janz, Detlef (2007). Die Chronik der Deutschen (in German). Wissenmedia Verlag. p. 136. ISBN 978-3-577-14374-5. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
  141. ^ Sternal, Bernd (31 July 2014). Die Harz - Geschichte 4: Reformation, Bauernkrieg und Schmalkaldischer Krieg (in German). Books on Demand. p. 32. ISBN 978-3-7357-5965-8. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
  142. ^ Christopher Ocker (30 August 2018). Luther, Conflict, and Christendom: Reformation Europe and Christianity in the West. Cambridge University Press. p. 437. ISBN 978-1-107-19768-8.
  143. ^ Bowers, Diane V. (March 2020). "To Spite the Devil: Martin Luther and Katharina von Bora's Wedding as Reform and Resistance". Religions. 11 (3): 116. doi:10.3390/rel11030116. ISSN 2077-1444.
  144. ^ Powell, Roger S.; Beauclerk-Dewar, Peter de Vere (2008). Royal bastards : illegitimate children of the British Royal family. Stroud: Tempus. p. 191. ISBN 978-0-7524-4668-4. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
  145. ^ "Henry VIII: June 1525, 11-20". www.british-history.ac.uk. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
  146. ^ Castro, Ricardo (1912). Páginas históricas colombianas (in Spanish). Imprenta Editorial. p. 415. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
  147. ^ Laurs Laursen, "Sophie", Dansk Biografisk Lexikon (Danish Biographical Dictionary), 1st edition, Volume XVI, p.164
  148. ^ "The Treaty of the More". Henry VIII,the Reign.
  149. ^ Martin Germann, Die reformierte Stiftsbibliothek am Großmünster Zürich im 16. Jahrhundert und die Anfänge der neuzeitlichen Bibliographie ("The reformed collegiate library at the Grossmünster in Zurich in the 16th century and the beginnings of modern bibliography")(Harrassowitz, 1994)
  150. ^ Kiminas, Demetrius (2009). The Ecumenical Patriarchate. Wildside Press LLC. p. 38,46. ISBN 978-1-4344-5876-6.
  151. ^ George Ridpath; Philip Ridpath (1979). The border history of England and Scotland. Mercat Press. pp. 261–363. ISBN 978-0-901824-58-5.
  152. ^ a b c L. P. Harvey, Muslims in Spain, 1500 to 1614 (University of Chicago Press, 2005) p.93
  153. ^ Mahler, Richard (1999). Guatemala: Adventures in Nature. John Muir Publications. p. 113. ISBN 978-1-56261-430-0. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
  154. ^ "Tyndale's New Testament, 1525". www.bl.uk. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
  155. ^ Tenney, Merrill C. (10 August 2010). The Zondervan Encyclopedia of the Bible, Volume 5: Revised Full-Color Edition. Zondervan Academic. ISBN 978-0-310-87700-4. Retrieved 31 July 2023. In 1525 or 1526 copies of Tyndale's first English NT reached England.
  156. ^ Daniell, David (1 January 2001). William Tyndale: A Biography. Yale University Press. p. 134. ISBN 978-0-300-06880-1. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
  157. ^ Clark, Stuart; Monter, William (1 January 2002). Witchcraft and Magic in Europe, Volume 4: The Period of the Witch Trials. A&C Black. p. 45. ISBN 978-0-485-89004-4. Retrieved 1 August 2023.
  158. ^ Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas (14 October 2008). The Western Esoteric Traditions: A Historical Introduction. Oxford University Press. p. 52. ISBN 978-0-19-971756-9. Retrieved 1 August 2023.
  159. ^ R. J. Knecht (26 April 1984). Francis I. Cambridge University Press. p. 189. ISBN 978-0-521-27887-4.
  160. ^ L. P. Harvey, Muslims in Spain, 1500 to 1614 (University of Chicago Press, 2005) p.94
  161. ^ Roger B. Merriman, Suleiman the Magnificent, 1520–1566 (Read Books, 2007) p.129 ISBN 1-4067-7272-0
  162. ^ Schele, Linda; Peter Mathews (1999). The Code of Kings: The language of seven Maya temples and tombs. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 298, 310. ISBN 978-0-684-85209-6.
  163. ^ Stoudemire, Sterling A. (1969). De La Natural Hystoria De Las Indias. University of North Caroline.
  164. ^ Mário Domingues, D. João III: o homem e a sua época (Dom João III: The man and his times) (Edição Romano Torres, 1962) p. 76-85
  165. ^ Rickard, J (May 15, 2010). "Battle of Hisar-Firuza". Historyofwar.org. Retrieved August 31, 2021.
  166. ^ Torgauer Bündnis (The Torgau League) at historicum.net
  167. ^ "Anabaptist", in The Mennonite Encyclopedia, ed.by Harold S. Bender, et al., editors (Brethren Publishing House, 1955) ISBN 0-8361-1018-8
  168. ^ Abdul Sabahuddin and Rajshree Shukla, (2003), The Mughal Strategy of War, p. 122
  169. ^ Tarver, H. Micheal, ed. (2016). The Spanish Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia. Empires of the World. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara, California; Denver, Colorado: ABC-CLIO. p. 106. ISBN 978-16106-9-422-3.Tarver 2016, p. 106
  170. ^ Ford, Richard (2011). A Hand-Book for Travellers in Spain, and Readers at Home: Describing the Country and Cities, the Natives and Their Manners. Cambridge University Press. p. 248. ISBN 978-1108037532.
  171. ^ Knecht, Robert J. (1994). Renaissance Warrior and Patron: The Reign of Francis I. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 248. ISBN 978-0-521-57885-1.
  172. ^ David Daniell, Tyndale's New Testament (Yale University Press, 1995) p.ix
  173. ^ Roy, Kaushik (2004). India's Historic Battles: From Alexander the Great to Kargil. Orient Blackswan. pp. 54–66. ISBN 978-81-7824-109-8. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
  174. ^ Gates, Scott; Roy, Kaushik (20 November 2014). War and State-Building in Afghanistan: Historical and Modern Perspectives. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 50. ISBN 978-1-4725-7219-6. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
  175. ^ Black, Jeremy (5 July 2005). European Warfare, 1494-1660. Routledge. p. 78. ISBN 978-1-134-47708-1. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
  176. ^ "Catalog of Transits of Venus". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
  177. ^ "1526 May 23rd Transit of Venus". astro.ukho.gov.uk. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
  178. ^ Elton, Geoffrey Rudolph (1962). The New Cambridge Modern History. Cambridge University Press. p. 343. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
  179. ^ "La expedición de Jofre de Loaísa", Tras La Ultima Frontera
  180. ^ Delpar, Helen (1980). The Discoverers: An Encyclopedia of Explorers and Exploration. McGraw-Hill. p. 383. ISBN 978-0-07-016264-8. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
  181. ^ Hollander, A. A. den; Grell, Ole Peter (2016). "Bibles in the Dutch and Scandinavian vernaculars to c. 1750". The New Cambridge History of the Bible: Volume 3: From 1450 to 1750. Cambridge University Press. pp. 239–262. ISBN 978-0-521-51342-5. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
  182. ^ Sharp, Andrew (1960). Early Spanish Discoveries in the Pacific. pp. 11–13.
  183. ^ a b Wheatcroft, Andrew (28 April 2009). The Enemy at the Gate: Habsburgs, Ottomans, and the Battle for Europe. Basic Books. p. 58. ISBN 978-0-7867-4454-1. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
  184. ^ Norwich, John Julius (4 April 2017). Four Princes: Henry VIII, Francis I, Charles V, Suleiman the Magnificent and the Obsessions that Forged Modern Europe. Open Road + Grove/Atlantic. ISBN 978-0-8021-8946-2. Retrieved 3 August 2023. When, on 29 August 1526, the forces of Suleiman the Magnificent smashed the Hungarians at Mohacs and shortly afterwards sacked their capital at Buda, rule over the defeated country was disputed by the Sultan's vassal John Zapolya and Charles V's brother Ferdinand.
  185. ^ Henry Charles Lea, The Moriscos of Spain: Their Conversion and Expulsion (Lea Brothers & Company, 1901) p. 95
  186. ^ David Teems, Tyndale: The Man Who Gave God an English Voice (Thomas Nelson Publishing, 2012) pp.79-80
  187. ^ Turnbull, Stephen (2002). 'War in Japan: 1467-1615'. Oxford: Osprey Publishing.
  188. ^ Robert A. Kann (1980). A History of the Habsburg Empire, 1526–1918. University of California Press. p. 611. ISBN 978-0520042063.
  189. ^ Gun: A Visual History. Penguin. 16 April 2012. p. 78. ISBN 978-1-4654-0354-4. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
  190. ^ "Beretta Since 1526". www.beretta.com. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
  191. ^ Jansen, Sharon L. (2002). The monstrous regiment of women: female rulers in early modern Europe. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 99. ISBN 0-312-21341-7.
  192. ^ Donald B. Kraybill, Concise Encyclopedia of Amish, Brethren, Hutterites, and Mennonites, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010) p.25
  193. ^ K. V. Krishna Rao (1991). Prepare Or Perish: A Study of National Security. Lancer Publishers. p. 453. ISBN 978-81-7212-001-6.
  194. ^ Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 137
  195. ^ Indonesia, the First 50 Years, 1945-1995. Buku Antar Bangsa. 1995. p. 119. ISBN 978-979-8926-00-6.
  196. ^ Fisher, William Bayne; Jackson, Peter; Lockhart, Lawrence (1986). The Cambridge History of Iran. Cambridge University Press. p. 236. ISBN 0521200946. Retrieved September 16, 2015.
  197. ^ Steffensen, Kenneth (2007). Scandinavia After the Fall of the Kalmar Union: a Study of Scandinavian Relations, 1523-1536. Unpubl. M.A. Thesis, Brigham Young University.
  198. ^ Fisher, George P (1873). The Reformation. Scribner.
  199. ^ Setton, Kenneth Meyer (1984). The Papacy and the Levant, 1204–1571. Vol. III: The Sixteenth Century to the Reign of Julius III. American Philosophical Society. p. 286.
  200. ^ a b Stuessy Wright, Ione (1951). Voyages of Álvaro de Saavedra Cerón 1527-1529. Coral Gables, Florida: University of Miami Press.
  201. ^ Sarkar, Jadunath (1984). A History of Jaipur: C. 1503-1938. Orient Longman Limited. p. 33. ISBN 81-250-0333-9.
  202. ^ Holland under Habsburg Rule, 1506–1566, p. 75; Chapter three: The States of Holland and the Management of War
  203. ^ Pons Sáez, Nuria (1997). La Conquista del Lacandón. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. pp. xix–xxix. ISBN 968-36-6150-5. OCLC 40857165.
  204. ^ Gyula Zolnai, Nyelvemlékeink a könyvnyomtatás koráig ("Our language heritage before the age of printing")(Budapest, 1894)
  205. ^ Gayangos (ed.), Calendar Simancas III, part 2, p. 475. Creighton, Mandell (1897). A History of the Papacy from the Great Schism to the Sack of Rome. Vol. VI. London: Longmans, Green, and Company. p. 361. ISBN 9780837077819.
  206. ^ Lillie Rollins Crawford; Robert Junious Crawford (1996). Roos Af Hjelmsäter: A Swedish Noble Family with Allied Families and Emigrants. Gateway Press. p. 420.
  207. ^ .Schaff, Philip; Schaff, David Schley (1889). History of the Christian Church: The Swiss Reformation. Vol. 7. Princeton Theological Seminary Library. New York, C. Scribner's. pp. 102–106.
  208. ^ Dylewski, Adam (2011). Historia pieniądza na ziemiach polskich. Warszawa (Warsaw): CARTA BLANCA Sp. z o.o. Grupa Wydawnicza PWN. p. 161. ISBN 978-83-7705-068-2.
  209. ^ Los viajes de Diego García de Moguer.
  210. ^ Leonardo Santoro, La spedizione di Lautrec nel Regno di Napoli (Bari, 1972)
  211. ^ Cristina Acidini; Cristina Acidini Luchinat; Palazzo Strozzi (1 January 2002). The Medici, Michelangelo, & the Art of Late Renaissance Florence. Yale University Press. p. 172. ISBN 978-0-300-09495-4.
  212. ^ Andrew Lang, A History of Scotland from the Roman Occupation, pp. xiii-xv (W. Blackwood and Sons, 1903)
  213. ^ Charles Creighton, A History of Epidemics in Britain from A.D. 664 to the Extinction of Plague (Cambridge University Press, 1891) pp.250-251
  214. ^ Barbaresi, Fabrizio (2017). "L'ultimo capitolo dei Malatesta" [The last chapter of the Malatesta] (PDF). Ariminum. September–October 2017 (in Italian). Rimini Rotary Club: 12–13.
  215. ^ Candide, Henri. "Matthew of Bassi", The Catholic Encyclopedia (New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907)
  216. ^ Heather Dalton, Merchants and Explorers: Roger Barlow, Sebastian Cabot, & Networks of Atlantic Exchange 1500-1560 (Oxford University Press, 2016), pp. 106-107
  217. ^ Muḥammad I Askia Songhai ruler from britannica.com
  218. ^ Giovanni Antonio Summonte, Historia della città e regno di Napoli, Tomo IV, Lib.7, cap.2
  219. ^ La guerra d'Italia dal 1521 al 1529 (The War of Italy from 1521 to 1529)
  220. ^ ""Alvar Nunez Cabeza De Vaca." The Mariners' Museum". Exploration Through the Ages. 5 December 2014. Archived from the original on 11 December 2014.>
  221. ^ Adorno, Rolena; Pautz, Patrick (15 September 1999). Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca: His Account, His Life, and the Expedition of Panfilo de Narváez. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0-8032-1463-7., 3 vols.
  222. ^ Chipman, Donald E. (15 June 2010). "Malhado Island". TSHA Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.
  223. ^ Orozco Linares, Fernando (1985). Gobernantes de México (in Spanish). Mexico City: Panorama Editorial. ISBN 968-38-0260-5.
  224. ^ "Renaissance: The Reconstructed Libraries of European Scholars: 1450-1700". Archived from the original on 2008-07-20. Retrieved 2007-11-08.
  225. ^ Reported by local gazetteers.
  226. ^ Rezachevici, Constantin (2001). Cronologia critică a domnilor din Țara Românească și Moldova a. 1324 - 1881, Volumul I. Editura Enciclopedică.
  227. ^ "Zhang Qijie", in Dictionary of Ming Biography, 1368-1644, ed. by L. Carrington Goodrich and Fang Chaoying (New York: Columbia University Press, 1976) p. 1751 ISBN 0-231-03801-1
  228. ^ Carl Alfred Cornelius: Svenska kyrkans historia efter reformationen, förra delen (1520-1693), 1886-87
  229. ^ Sihab ad-Din Ahmad bin 'Abd al-Qader, Futuh al-Habasa: The conquest of Ethiopia, translated by Paul Lester Stenhouse with annotations by Richard Pankhurst (Hollywood: Tsehai, 2003) p.86
  230. ^ Collins, WE (1903) The Scandinavian North, in AW Ward, GW Prothero & Stanley Leathes (eds.) The Cambridge Modern History. Cambridge Univ. Press, pp. 599-638.
  231. ^ Carmen Guerrero Nakpil (1977). The Philippines and the Filipinos. Nakpil. p. 60.
  232. ^ MacCulloch, Diarmaid (2018). Thomas Cromwell: A Revolutionary Life. London: Century LtdPenguin Publishing. p. 24. ISBN 978-0525560296.
  233. ^ "Anne Boleyn: Traditionalist and Reformer", by Chloe Fairbanks and Samuel Lane, in Tudor and Stuart Consorts: Power, Influence, and Dynasty, ed. by Aidan Norrie and Joseph Massey (Springer International, 2022) p.64
  234. ^ a b G. G. Perry, A History of the English Church: Second period: From the accession of Henry VIII to the silencing of convocation in the 18th century, 1509-1717 (John Murray, 1900) p.48-49
  235. ^ Christiansen, John (2009). "The English Sweat in Lübeck and North Germany, 1529". Medical History. 53 (3): 415–424. doi:10.1017/S0025727300004002. PMC 2706052. PMID 19584960.
  236. ^ Kenneth J. Dillon (1976). King and Estates in the Bohemian Lands, 1526-1564. Editions de la Librairie encyclopédique. p. 54.
  237. ^ "Alster-Beste Kanal (Alster-Trave-Kanal.)". Lost Canals of Schleswig-Holstein. 2007-05-29. Retrieved 2020-02-21.
  238. ^ Troels-Lund, Dr (1907). Peder Oxe: et historisk billed (in Danish). Schubotheske forlag. p. 37. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  239. ^ "More, Sir Christopher". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/77080. Retrieved 24 July 2023. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  240. ^ Johnston, Wade (16 January 2018). The Devil behind the Surplice: Matthias Flacius and John Hooper on Adiaphora. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 19. ISBN 978-1-5326-1772-0. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  241. ^ COMPANY, Joaquin (1787). Vida del B.Nicolás Factor de menores observantes (in Spanish). Valencia: J.y T. de Orga. p. 3. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  242. ^ Béthencourt, Francisco Fernández de (1907). Historia genealógica y heráldica de la monarquía española: casa real y grandes de España (in Spanish). Estab. Tip. de Enrique Teodoro. p. 93. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  243. ^ Przeździecki, Aleksander (1878). Jagiellonki polskie w XVI. wieku (in Polish). Vol. V. Nakładem Konstantego i Gustawa hr. Przezdzieckich. p. 21. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  244. ^ Panton, James (24 February 2011). Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy. Scarecrow Press. p. 310. ISBN 978-0-8108-7497-8. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  245. ^ Grote, Ludwig (1860). Bartholomäus Sastrow, ein merkwürdiger lebenslauf des sechszehnten jahrhunderts (in German). J. Fricke. p. 5. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  246. ^ Rheinische Lebensbilder (in German). Vol. 10. Gesellschaft für Rheinische Geschichtskunde. 1985. p. 32. ISBN 978-3-7927-0834-7. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  247. ^ The Encyclopedia Americana. Americana Corporation. 1976. p. 787. ISBN 978-0-7172-0107-5.
  248. ^ Robertson, Clare (1992). Il gran cardinale : Alessandro Farnese, patron of the arts. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-300-05045-5. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  249. ^ Allen, Carl Ferdinand (1867). De tre nordiske Rigers historie under Hans, Christiern II, Frederik I, Gustav Vasa, Grevefeiden: 1497-1536 (in Danish). Copenhagen: F. Hegel. p. 279. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  250. ^ Pamiętnik powszechnego Zjazdu historyków polskich w Poznaniu (in Polish). Vol. 6. Polskiego Towarzystwa Historycznego. 1935. p. 145. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  251. ^ "Märta Eriksdtr (Leijonhufvud)". sok.riksarkivet.se. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  252. ^ Lossing, Benson John (1905). Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History from 458 A. D. to 1909. Harper & Brothers. p. 429. ISBN 978-0-598-77697-6. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  253. ^ Berger, Karol (1980). Theories of Chromatic and Enharmonic Music in Late Sixteenth Century Italy. UMI Research Press. p. 67. ISBN 978-0-8357-1065-7. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  254. ^ "Streicher, Agatha". www.deutsche-biographie.de (in German). Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  255. ^ "Katarina (Karin) Bengtsdotter (Gylta)". skbl.se. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  256. ^ Index-catalogue of the Library of the Surgeon General's Office, United States Army (Army Medical Library): Authors and Subjects. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1939. p. 15. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  257. ^ Grady, Caterine; Lambion, Emmanuel (2000). Jonckheere (in French). De Jonckheere. p. 11. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  258. ^ Barletta, Vincent; Bajus, Mark L.; Malik, Cici (22 March 2013). Dreams of Waking: An Anthology of Iberian Lyric Poetry, 1400–1700. University of Chicago Press. p. 193. ISBN 978-0-226-01147-9. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  259. ^ "Moroni, Giovanni [Giovan] Battista". Grove Art Online. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  260. ^ Beach, Frederick Converse; Morgan, Forrest; Rines, George Edwin; Roe, Edward Thomas; Dole, Nathan Haskell; Copeland, Thomas Campbell (1903). The Encyclopedia Americana. Americana Company. p. 94. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  261. ^ Nuovo dizionario istorico (in Italian). Vol. XV. Naples: per Michele Morelli. 1791. p. 218. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  262. ^ Horning, Wilhelm (1887). Dr. Johann Marbach, Pfarrer zu St. Nikolai, Münsterprediger, Professor und Präsident des Luth. Kirchenconvents in Strassburg, 1545-1581 (in German). Strasbourg: C.A. Vomhoff. p. 11. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  263. ^ Vindry, Fleury (1901). Dictionnaire de l'état-major français au XVIe siècle (in French). Castanet. p. 161. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  264. ^ "St. Peter Canisius". www.newadvent.org. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  265. ^ Allgemeine deutsche biographie (in German). Vol. 14. Duncker und Humblot. 1881. p. 369. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  266. ^ Vasconcellos, Carolina Michaëlis de (1902). A infanta D. Maria de Portugal (1521-1577) e suas damas (in Brazilian Portuguese). Typ. a vapor de A. J. de Souza & irmão. p. 17. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  267. ^ Bricka, Carl Frederik (1892). Dansk biografisk lexikon (in Danish). Vol. 6. F. Hegel & Søn. p. 569. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  268. ^ Grolier Incorporated (1997). The encyclopedia Americana. Grolier Incorporated. p. 18. ISBN 9780717201303.
  269. ^ Fantoni, Marcello (2005). Il Rinascimento italiano e l'Europa (in Italian). Fondazione Cassamarca. p. 165. ISBN 978-88-89527-17-7. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  270. ^ "Guicciardini, Lodovico". Grove Art Online. 2003. doi:10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T035507. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  271. ^ "Sheffield, Edmund, first Baron Sheffield". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/25292. Retrieved 26 July 2023. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  272. ^ "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of May 17, 1570". cardinals.fiu.edu. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  273. ^ RACAR, Revue D'art Canadienne: Canadian Art Review. Society for the Promotion of Art History Publications in Canada. 1990. p. 18.
  274. ^ Zahl, Paul (June 2001). Five Women of the English Reformation. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-8028-3045-6. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  275. ^ "Aylmer, John". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/935. Retrieved 26 July 2023. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  276. ^ "陶晴賢(すえはるかた)とは？". コトバンク (in Japanese). Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  277. ^ O'Sullivan, Dan (15 May 2016). The Reluctant Ambassador: The Life and Times of Sir Thomas Chaloner, Tudor Diplomat. Amberley Publishing Limited. p. 12. ISBN 978-1-4456-5165-1. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  278. ^ Mann, Brian Richard (1983). The secular madrigals of Filippo di Monte, 1521-1603. Ann Arbor: UMI Research Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-8357-1402-0. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  279. ^ Frederic, Louis (2002). Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press. p. 794. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  280. ^ "Wyatt, Sir Thomas". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/30112. Retrieved 27 July 2023. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  281. ^ "Katherine [Catherine] [née Katherine Howard]". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/4892. Retrieved 27 July 2023. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  282. ^ "Albert II Alcibiades | margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 16 March 2022.
  283. ^ "Jacques Cujas". Oxford Reference. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  284. ^ "Vico, Enea". Grove Art Online. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  285. ^ "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of March 12, 1565". cardinals.fiu.edu. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  286. ^ Favaro, Antonio; Brahe, Tycho; Duhem, Pierre Maurice Marie; Favaro, Antonio; Kepler, Johannes; Magini, Giovanni Antonio (1886). Carteggio inedito di Ticone Brahe, Giovanni Keplero e di altri celebri astronomi e matematici dei secoli XVI. Bologna: N. Zanichelli. p. 315. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  287. ^ Hostinský, Otakar (1896). Jan Blahoslav a Jan Josquin: Příspěvek k dějinám české hudby a theorie umění XVI. věku (in Czech). České akademie císaře pro vědy, slovesnost a umění. p. vi. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  288. ^ Herbermann, Charles George (1908). The Catholic Encyclopedia. Encyclopedia Press. p. 156. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  289. ^ Dibelius, Franz; Brieger, Theodor (1896). Beiträge zur sächsischen Kirchengeschichte (in German). Leipzig: J.A. Barth. p. 109. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  290. ^ Dooley, John F. (24 September 2013). A Brief History of Cryptology and Cryptographic Algorithms. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 25. ISBN 978-3-319-01628-3. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  291. ^ Métral, Denyse (1939). Blaise de Vigenère, archéologue et critique d'art (1523-1596) (in French). E. Droz. p. 6. ISBN 978-2-600-02247-7. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  292. ^ "BRAGADIN, Marcantonio". www.treccani.it (in Italian).
  293. ^ Whale, Winifred Stephens (1912). Margaret of France, duchess of Savoy, 1523-74; a biography. New York: John Lane Company. p. 3. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  294. ^ Ramieri, Anna Maria (2007). Le ville imperiali e rinascimentali nel Lazio (in Italian). Colombo. p. 245. ISBN 978-88-86359-95-5. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  295. ^ Boras, Zygmunt (1982). Książęta piastowscy Śląska (in Polish). Śląsk. p. 396. ISBN 978-83-216-0248-6. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  296. ^ Fagel, Raymond (1 October 2021). Protagonists of War: Spanish Army Commanders and the Revolt in the Low Countries. Leuven University Press. p. 117. ISBN 978-94-6270-287-5. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  297. ^ Barjavel, Casimir François Henri (1841). Dictionnaire historique, biographique et bibliographique du département de Vaucluse (in French). Imprimerie de L. Devillario. p. 276. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  298. ^ Gaier, Ulrich; Küble, Monika; Schürle, Wolfgang (2003). Schwabenspiegel: Literatur vom Neckar bis zum Bodensee 1000-1800 (in German). Oberschwäbische Elektrizitätswerke (OEW). p. 21. ISBN 978-3-937184-00-5. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  299. ^ Bogucka, Maria (1964). Anna Jagiellonka (in Polish). Ksiazka i Wiedza. p. 6. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  300. ^ Bayraktar, Elif; Nteli Chatzioglou, Gkionoul; Gayretli, Özcan (1 June 2023). "The life of Gabriele Falloppio (1523–1562) and his contributions to medical terminology". Child's Nervous System. 39 (6): 1445–1447. doi:10.1007/s00381-022-05626-0. ISSN 1433-0350. PMID 35932323. S2CID 251351601.
  301. ^ Falkeid, Unn; Feng, Aileen (3 March 2016). Rethinking Gaspara Stampa in the Canon of Renaissance Poetry. Routledge. p. 3. ISBN 978-1-317-06421-3. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  302. ^ Campbell, Gordon (26 November 2009). The Grove Encyclopedia of Northern Renaissance Art. OUP USA. p. 254. ISBN 978-0-19-533466-1. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  303. ^ Carreira, José Nunes (1974). Filologia e crítica de Isaías no comentário de Francisco Foreiro (1522?-1581): subsídios para a história da exegese quinhentista (in Brazilian Portuguese). Gráfica de Coimbra. p. 225. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  304. ^ Russell, Gareth (2017). Young & damned & fair : the life and tragedy of Catherine Howard at the court of Henry VIII. London: William Collins. p. 19. ISBN 978-0-00-812827-2. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  305. ^ Edward Bourbeau (1983). Three Centuries of Bourbeaus in North America: From Pierre Bourbeau (1648) to Louis-Ludger Bourbeau (1939). p. 193.
  306. ^ A. J. Hoenselaars (1999). The Author as Character: Representing Historical Writers in Western Literature. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. p. 228. ISBN 978-0-8386-3786-9.
  307. ^ Sakcinski, Ivan Kukuljević (1887). Poviest porodice Draškovića Trakošćanskih (in Croatian). Matice Hrvatske. p. 6. Retrieved 1 August 2023.
  308. ^ Kohnle, Armin; Dingel, Irene (1 April 2021). Die Crucigers: Caspar der Ältere, Caspar der Jüngere und Elisabeth Cruciger in ihrer Bedeutung für die Wittenberger Reformation (in German). Evangelische Verlagsanstalt. p. 298. ISBN 978-3-374-06808-1. Retrieved 1 August 2023.
  309. ^ Harrisse, Henry (1872). A Description of Works Relating to America. p. 173.
  310. ^ Helms, H. Jørgen (1917). Valkendorfs kollegiums historie fra dets oprettelse 1588 og indtil 1865: med en kort oversigt over kollegiets historie fra 1865 til nutiden (in Danish). trykt hos Nielsen & Lydiche. p. 25. ISBN 978-87-11-64161-3. Retrieved 1 August 2023.
  311. ^ Grabner, C. (1904). Die Abstammung der Freien u. Edlen Herren v. Kotzau aus dem Hause Hohenzollern (in German). p. 3. Retrieved 1 August 2023.
  312. ^ Grossmann, Julius (1905). Genealogie des Gesamthauses Hohenzollern (in German). W. Moeser. p. 22. Retrieved 1 August 2023.
  313. ^ Mayers, Kit (2005). North-east passage to Muscovy : Stephen Borough and the first Tudor explorations. Stroud: Sutton. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-7509-4069-6. Retrieved 1 August 2023.
  314. ^ Schnabel-Schüle, Helga (13 September 2017). Reformation: Historisch-kulturwissenschaftliches Handbuch (in German). Springer-Verlag. p. 87. ISBN 978-3-476-05411-1. Retrieved 1 August 2023.
  315. ^ Rudloff, A. (1898). Bilder aus der mecklenburgischen Geschichte (in German). Wilhelm Susserott. p. 71. Retrieved 1 August 2023.
  316. ^ Sládek, Pavel (2017). "Admiration and Fear: New Perspectives on the Personality of the Maharal". Judaica Bohemiae. LII (2): 5–31. ISSN 0022-5738. Retrieved 1 August 2023.
  317. ^ Gertraude Winkelmann-Rhein (1969). The Paintings and Drawings of Jan 'Flower' Bruegel. H. N. Abrams. p. 25.
  318. ^ "DONATO, Baldassare". www.treccani.it (in Italian). Retrieved 1 August 2023.
  319. ^ Marvin, Clara (15 October 2013). Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina: A Research Guide. Routledge. p. 1. ISBN 978-1-135-61754-7. Retrieved 1 August 2023.
  320. ^ Ribas, Rosa (2005). Testimonios de la conciencia lingüistica en textos de viajeros alemanes a America en el siglo XVI (in Spanish). Edition Reichenberger. p. 32. ISBN 978-3-935004-80-0. Retrieved 1 August 2023.
  321. ^ Gonzaga, Luis (1920). Efemerides colombianas (in Spanish). Procuraduría de los Hermanos. p. 427. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
  322. ^ Jayawardene, S. A.; Bombelli, Rafael (September 1963). "Unpublished Documents Relating to Rafael Bombelli in the Archives of Bologna". Isis. 54 (3): 391–395. doi:10.1086/349735. ISSN 0021-1753. S2CID 143847855. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
  323. ^ Hoff, Hinrich Ewald (1912). Scheswig-Holsteinische heimat-geschichte (in German). Lipsius & Tischer. p. 165. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
  324. ^ Walters, Michael (2003). A Concise History of Ornithology: The Lives and Works of Its Founding Figures. Christopher Helm. p. 32. ISBN 978-1-873403-97-6. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
  325. ^ Chadwick, Hubert (1910). Life of the venerable Gonçalo da Silveira of the Society of Jesus : pioneer missionary and proto-martyr of South Africa ; from original sources. New York: Benziger. p. 2. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
  326. ^ "Carey, Henry, first Baron Hunsdon". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/4649. Retrieved 29 July 2023. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  327. ^ Brandt, Otto (1927). Heinrich Rantzau und seine Relationen an die dänischen Könige: eine Studie zur Geschichte des 16. Jahrhunderts (in German). R. Oldenbourg. p. III. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
  328. ^ TRAWNITSCHEK, Hubert (1875). Marcus Antonius Muretus: Das Bild eines wahren Christen. Pädagogische Studie (in German). Pannonia. Retrieved 3 August 2023. Marcus Antonius Muretus was born on April 12, 1256, AD in Muret, a village near Limoges
  329. ^ Vedel Simonsen, Lauritz Schebye (1845). Samlinger til den fyenske herregaard Elvedgaards historie i anledning af Secularfesten paa samme den 1 juli, 1845. Trykt i M. C. Hempels officin. p. 104. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  330. ^ Rudzki, Edward (1990). Polskie królowe (in Polish). Instytut Prasy i Wydawnictw "Novum". p. 234. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  331. ^ Verhandelingen van de Koninklijke Vlaamse Academie voor Wetenschappen, Letteren en Schoone Kunsten van België, Klasse der Letteren (in Dutch). Vol. 59. Royal Flemish Academy of Sciences, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium. 1965. p. 253. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  332. ^ Meyer, Hermann Julius (1903). Meyers Grosses Konversations-Lexikon (in German). Bibliographisches Institut. p. 120. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  333. ^ Behr, Kamill von (1870). Genealogie der in Europa regierenden Fürstenhäuser nebst der Reihenfolge sämmtlicher Päpste (in German). Tauchnitz. p. 98. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  334. ^ "Nassau-Saarbrücken Adolph von". www.saarland-biografien.de. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  335. ^ "Manners, Henry, second earl of Rutland". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/17995. Retrieved 4 August 2023. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  336. ^ Menzel, Karl (1893). Wolfgang von Zweibrücken, Pfalzgraf bei Rhein, Herzog in Baiern, Graf von Veldenz: der Stammvater des bairischen Königshauses ; (1526 - 1569) (in German). Munich: Beck. p. 9. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  337. ^ "Stafford [née Stafford], Dorothy, Lady Stafford". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/69753. Retrieved 4 August 2023. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  338. ^ Keuller, L. J. E. (1843). Geschiedenis en beschrijving van Venloo (in Dutch). Bij de Wed. H. Bontamps. p. 321. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  339. ^ Judycki, Zbigniew Andrzej; Klimaszewski, Bolesław (2000). Krakowianie w świecie: słownik biograficzny (in Polish). Oficyna Wydawnicza Kucharski. p. 49. ISBN 978-83-913714-1-1. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  340. ^ Rheinische Lebensbilder (in German). Rheinland-Verlag. 1995. p. 65. ISBN 978-3-7927-1537-6. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  341. ^ Duvale, Angel de Altolaguirre y (1888). Don Alvaro de Bazán, primer marqués de Santa Cruz de Mudela (in Spanish). Tipografía de los huérfanos. p. 565. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  342. ^ "Throckmorton [née Lok; other married name Hickman], Rose". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/67979. Retrieved 4 August 2023. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  343. ^ Ludwigsburger Geschichtsblätter (in German). Kommissionsverlag J. Aigner. 1983. p. 75. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  344. ^ Kloek, Els (2001). Kenau: de heldhaftige zakenvrouw uit Haarlem (1526-1588) (in Dutch). Uitgeverij Verloren. p. 55. ISBN 978-90-6550-456-2. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  345. ^ Nordin, Anis Nurashikin; Ramli, Nabilah (2020). "Regenerating Muslim Inventors The Present Future". ULUM ISLAMIYYAH the Malaysian Journal of Islamic Sciences. 31 (1): 1–18. doi:10.33102/uij.vol31no.73. S2CID 233420529. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  346. ^ Patrick Williams (14 March 2017). Philip II. Macmillan International Higher Education. p. 3. ISBN 978-1-4039-1381-4.[permanent dead link]
  347. ^ Peter J. French (1987). John Dee: The World of an Elizabethan Magus. Psychology Press. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-7448-0079-1.
  348. ^ Jo Eldridge Carney (2001). Renaissance and Reformation, 1500-1620: A Biographical Dictionary. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-313-30574-0.
  349. ^ Ann Hoffmann (1977). Lives of the Tudor Age, 1485-1603. Barnes & Noble Books. p. 397. ISBN 978-0-06-494331-4.
  350. ^ The New Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 1998. p. 333. ISBN 978-0-85229-663-9.
  351. ^ Jong, Jan L. de (21 November 2022). Tombs in Early Modern Rome (1400–1600): Monuments of Mourning, Memory and Meditation. BRILL. p. 19. ISBN 978-90-04-52693-8. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  352. ^ Martin Clayton; Queen's Gallery; Martin Postle (1999). Raphael and His Circle: Drawings from Windsor Castle. Merrell Holberton. p. 19. ISBN 978-1-85894-076-2.
  353. ^ Uruski, Seweryn (1912). Rodzina: herbarz szlachty polskiej (in Polish). Wydawn. Heroldium. p. 200. ISBN 978-83-86005-06-2. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  354. ^ "Moctezuma II" (in Spanish). Biografias y Vidas. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
  355. ^ Scheglmann, Alfons Maria (1904). Geschichte der Säkularisation im rechtsrheinischen Bayern: ¬Die Säkularisation in Kurpfalzbayern während des Jahres 1802. 2 (in German). Habbel. p. 423. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  356. ^ Milano sacro Almanacco: per l'anno (in Italian). Agnelli. 1821. p. 48. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  357. ^ Lockwood, Lewis (October 1985). "Adrian Willaert and Cardinal Ippolito I d'Este: new light on Willaert's early career in Italy, 1515–21". Early Music History. 5: 85–112. doi:10.1017/S026112790000067X. ISSN 1474-0559. S2CID 190681116. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  358. ^ Esin Atl; Esin Atıl; Arifi (1986). Süleymanname: The Illustrated History of Süleyman the Magnificent. National Gallery of Art. p. 238. ISBN 978-0-89468-088-5.
  359. ^ "Cuitláhuac" (in Spanish). Biografias y Vidas. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
  360. ^ Dovizi, Bernardo (1863). La calandria commedia di Bernardo Dovizi da Bibbiena (in Italian). Daelli. p. viii. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  361. ^ "Ixtlilxóchitl II" (in Spanish). Biografias y Vidas. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
  362. ^ Aryal, I. R.; Dhungyal, T. P. (1970). A New History of Nepal. Voice of Nepal. p. 62. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  363. ^ Simms, Sanda (11 October 2013). The Kingdoms of Laos. Routledge. p. 54. ISBN 978-1-136-86337-0. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  364. ^ Derman, M. Uğur (1998). Letters in Gold: Ottoman Calligraphy from the Sakıp Sabancı Collection, Istanbul. Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 46. ISBN 978-0-87099-873-7. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  365. ^ "Lurano [Luprano, Lorano], Filippo de". Grove Music Online. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  366. ^ Fisquet, Honoré (1864). La France pontificale (in French). Etienne Repos. p. 229. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  367. ^ "Johann II". www.deutsche-biographie.de (in German). Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  368. ^ 中国官场总览 (in Chinese). 經濟日報出版社. 1999. p. 1658. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  369. ^ Deborah Wei; Rachael Kamel (1998). Resistance in Paradise: Rethinking 100 Years of U.S. Involvement in the Caribbean and the Pacific. American Friends Service Committee. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-910082-33-4.
  370. ^ La-Mure, Jean Marie de (1868). Histoire des ducs de Bourbon et des comtes de Forez: en forme d'annales sur preuves authentiques (in French). Potier. p. 564. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  371. ^ Max Reinhart; James N. Hardin (1997). German Writers of the Renaissance and Reformation, 1280-1580. Gale Research. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-7876-1069-2.
  372. ^ Herbermann, Charles George (1913). The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. Encyclopedia Press. p. 214. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  373. ^ Cappelletti, Giuseppe (1852). Storia della repubblica di Venezia dal suo principio sino al giorno d'oggi (in Italian). Vol. 8, 9. G. Antenelli. p. 33. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  374. ^ Slavicek, Louise Chipley (2009). Juan Ponce de León. Infobase Publishing. p. 87. ISBN 978-1-4381-0684-7. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  375. ^ "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of December 10, 1477". cardinals.fiu.edu. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  376. ^ Elders, Willem (2013). Josquin Des Prez and His Musical Legacy: An Introductory Guide. Leuven University Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-90-5867-941-3. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  377. ^ Mallett, Michael; Shaw, Christine (2012). The Italian Wars: 1494–1559. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited. p. 141. ISBN 978-0-582-05758-6.
  378. ^ Kohnle, Armin; Rudersdorf, Manfred (28 June 2022). Briefe und Akten zur Kirchenpolitik Friedrichs des Weisen und Johanns...: Band 2: 1518–1522. Bearbeitet von Stefan Michel, Beate Kusche, Ulrike Ludwig, Konstantin Enge, Dagmar Blaha und Alexander Bartmuß unter Mitarbeit von Saskia Jähnigen und Steven Bickel (in German). Evangelische Verlagsanstalt. p. 20. ISBN 978-3-374-07173-9. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  379. ^ "Poynings, Sir Edward". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/22683. Retrieved 27 July 2023. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  380. ^ Fayrfax, Robert (1 January 1985). Sacred Music from the Lambeth Choirbook. A-R Editions, Inc. p. viii. ISBN 978-0-89579-150-4. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  381. ^ Laurent, Eugène (1854). Histoire de Marguerite de Lorraine, Duchesse d'Alençon, bisaïeule de Henri IV., etc (in French). Barbier. p. 306. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  382. ^ "Leo X | pope". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  383. ^ Costa, António Leite da (4 November 2019). História de Portugal (in European Portuguese). Leya. p. 109. ISBN 978-972-20-6863-5. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  384. ^ Brigliadori, Egidio; Pasquini, Agostino (2000). Religiosità in Valconca: vicende e figure (in Italian). Silvana. p. 122. ISBN 978-88-8215-266-6. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  385. ^ John F. D'Amico (1993). Roman and German Humanism, 1450-1550. Variorum. p. 201. ISBN 978-0-86078-388-6.
  386. ^ "Anne Of France | regent of France | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  387. ^ Dek, A.W.E. (1970). Genealogie van het Vorstenhuis Nassau (in Dutch). Zaltbommel: Europese Bibliotheek. p. 70.
  388. ^ Vorsterman van Oyen, A.A. (1882). Het vorstenhuis Oranje-Nassau. Van de vroegste tijden tot heden (in Dutch). Leiden & Utrecht: A.W. Sijthoff & J.L. Beijers. p. 95.
  389. ^ Fletcher, Stella (6 June 2009). Cardinal Wolsey: A Life in Renaissance Europe. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 89. ISBN 978-1-84725-245-6. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  390. ^ Cokayne, George Edward (1898). Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct, Or Dormant. G. Bell & sons. p. 166. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  391. ^ Romanin, Samuele (1856). Storia documentata di Venezia (in Italian). P. Naratovich. p. 385. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  392. ^ Cameron, Euan (1 March 2012). The European Reformation. Oxford University Press. p. 203. ISBN 978-0-19-267085-4. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  393. ^ 船田合戦 (in Japanese). 歴史研究会. p. 65. Retrieved 29 July 2023.[unreliable source?]
  394. ^ "Marney, Henry, first Baron Marney". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/70724. Retrieved 29 July 2023. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  395. ^ Hand, John Oliver; Wolff, Martha (1986). Early Netherlandish Painting. Cambridge University Press. p. 63. ISBN 978-0-89468-093-9. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  396. ^ Zanotto, Francesco (1858). Il palazzo ducale di Venezia (in Italian). Antonellico. p. 4. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  397. ^ Reinhart, Max; Hardin, James N. (1997). German Writers of the Renaissance and Reformation, 1280-1580. Gale Research. p. 122. ISBN 978-0-7876-1069-2. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  398. ^ "Adrian VI | pope". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
  399. ^ "D'ALESSANDRO, Alessandro". www.treccani.it (in Italian). Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  400. ^ Baltische Studien (in German). T. von der Nahmer. 1912. p. 63. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  401. ^ "Montagna, Bartolomeo". Grove Art Online. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  402. ^ "Cornysh, William (ii)". Grove Music Online. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  403. ^ Maclean-Bristol, Nicholas (1995). Warriors and Priests: The History of the Clan Maclean, 1300-1570. Tuckwell Press. p. 92. ISBN 978-1-898410-62-1. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  404. ^ Vasari, Giorgio (1907). Lives of Seventy of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors and Architects. C. Scribner's sons. p. 341. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  405. ^ "Pietro Perugino". www.nga.gov. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  406. ^ Sanjay Subrahmanyam (29 October 1998). The Career and Legend of Vasco Da Gama. Cambridge University Press. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-521-64629-1.
  407. ^ McKillop, Susan Regan (1 January 1974). Franciabigio. University of California Press. p. 252. ISBN 978-0-520-01688-0. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
  408. ^ Sulte, Benjamin (1919). Mélanges historiques: études éparses et inédites de Benjamin Sulte (in French). G. Ducharme. p. 32. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
  409. ^ Herbst, Wilhelm (1881). Encyklopädie der Neueren Geschichte: in Verbindung mit namhaften deutschen und außerdeutschen Historikern. Aachen-Duttlingen (in German). Gotha: Friedrich Andreas Perthes. p. 396. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
  410. ^ Bulletin de la Société d'émulation du Bourbonnais (in French). Moulins: Impr. É. Auclaire. 1919. p. 69. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
  411. ^ Grummitt, David (20 January 2014). A Short History of the Wars of the Roses. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 182. ISBN 978-0-85772-329-1. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
  412. ^ John Powell; Christina J. Moose; Rowena Wildin (2001). Magill's Guide to Military History: Jap-Pel. Salem Press. p. 873. ISBN 978-0-89356-017-1.
  413. ^ VAUGEOIS, J. F. Gabriel (1841). Histoire des antiquités de la ville de l'Aigle et de ses environse (in French). P.E. Bredif. p. 319. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
  414. ^ Morris Rosenblum (1969). Heroes of Mexico. Fleet Press Corporation. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-8303-0082-2.
  415. ^ Rucellai, Giovanni (1887). Le opere di Giovanni Rucellai (in Italian). N. Zanichelli. p. lx. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
  416. ^ The Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences and General Literature. R. S. Peale & Company. 1890. p. 741.
  417. ^ Schilling, Johannes (1997). Klöster und Mönche in der hessischen Reformation (in German). Gütersloher Verlagshaus. p. 30. ISBN 978-3-579-01735-8. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
  418. ^ Garin, Eugenio (1 January 2008). "ARISTOTELIANISM FROM POMPONAZZI TO CREMONINI". History of Italian Philosophy. Brill. p. 356. ISBN 978-94-012-0522-1. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
  419. ^ Roper, Lyndal (16 June 2016). Martin Luther. Random House. p. 265. ISBN 978-1-4735-4524-3. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
  420. ^ Proceedings of the Cambridge Antiquarian Society. Vol. 1. Macmillan. 1859. p. 275. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
  421. ^ "Robbia, Andrea (di Marco) della". Grove Art Online. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
  422. ^ "Dacre, Thomas, second Baron Dacre of Gilsland". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/50220. Retrieved 29 July 2023. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  423. ^ Pölnitz, Götz von (1949). Jakob Fugger: Band 2: Quellen Und Erlauterungen (in German). Vol. 2. Mohr Siebeck. p. 592. ISBN 978-3-16-814572-1. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
  424. ^ Munn, Kathleen Miriam (1936). A Contribution to the Study Of Jean Lemaire De Belges. Slatkine. p. 84. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
  425. ^ "Anna Eriksdotter (Bielke)". skbl.se. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
  426. ^ Haeutle, Christian (1870). Genealogie des Erlauchten Stammhauses Wittelsbach: von dessen Wiedereinsetzung in das Herzogthum Bayern (11. Sept. 1180) bis herab auf unsere Tage (in German). Manz. p. 43. Retrieved 5 August 2023.
  427. ^ "Elisabeth, Christian 2.s dronning". Dansk Kvindebiografisk Leksikon (in Danish). 22 April 2023. Retrieved 5 August 2023.
  428. ^ El archivo (in Spanish). Vol. 6. Excelentísimo Ayuntamiento de Denia. 1892. p. 54. Retrieved 5 August 2023.
  429. ^ Allgemeiner Kalender für die katholische Geistlichkeit: auf das Jahr ... 1832 (in German). Damian u. Sorge. 1832. p. 14. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  430. ^ Meyers lexikon: Marut-Oncidium (in German). Bibliographisches institut. 1926. p. 916. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  431. ^ Lubis, Dede Efrianti; Muhajir, Ahmad; Dahlan, Zaini (31 October 2021). "Peradaban dan Pemikiran Islam Pada Masa Dinasti Mughal di India". Islamic Education. 1 (2): 41–46. doi:10.57251/ie.v1i2.49. ISSN 2808-8824. S2CID 253299865. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  432. ^ "Somerset [formerly Beaufort], Charles, first earl of Worcester". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/26004. Retrieved 4 August 2023. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  433. ^ Béthencourt, Francisco Fernández de (1920). Historia genealógica y heráldica de la monarquía española: casa real y grandes de España (in Spanish). Estab. Tip. de Enrique Teodoro. p. 250. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  434. ^ Cokayne, George Edward (1895). Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct, Or Dormant. G. Bell & sons. p. 169. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  435. ^ Gebhardt, Victor (1864). Historia general de España y de sus Indias: desde los tiempos más remotos hasta nuestros días... (in Spanish). Libreria española. p. 703. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  436. ^ Cultura hispanoamericana: órgano del Centro de este nombre (in Spanish). Madrid: Center for Hispano-American Culture. 1920. p. 8. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  437. ^ Erudición ibero-ultramarina (in Spanish). V. Suárez. 1930. p. 231. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  438. ^ Gentile, Michele Lupo (1905). Studi sulla storiografia fiorentina alla corte di Cosimo I de' Medici (in Italian). Tipografia successori fratelli Nistri. p. 44. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  439. ^ C, José Antonio Villacorta Calderón Villacorta (1916). Curso de historia de la América Central para uso de los institutos y escuelas normales (in Spanish). Arenales hijos. p. 71. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  440. ^ Surakiat, Pamaree (2005). "THAI-BURMESE WARFARE DURING THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY AND THE GROWTH OF THE FIRST TOUNGOO EMPIRE" (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society. 93: 76. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  441. ^ Bender, Harold Stauffer (1971). Conrad Grebel, c. 1498-1526 : the founder of the Swiss Brethren sometimes called Anabaptists. Scottdale: Herald Press. p. 162. ISBN 978-0-8361-1123-1. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  442. ^ Phil Harris; Andrew Lock; Patricia Rees (20 April 2000). Machiavelli, Marketing and Management. Routledge. p. 13. ISBN 978-1-134-60568-2.
  443. ^ Panton, James (February 24, 2011). Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy. Scarecrow Press. p. 92. ISBN 978-0-8108-7497-8.
  444. ^ Richard Ford Heath (1929). Albrecht Dürer, 1471-1528. S. Low, Marston. p. 87.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1520s&oldid=1185454899"