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{{Short description|French military slogan}}
{{use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
[[File:On Ne Passe Pas 1918.jpg|thumb|{{lang|fr|On ne passe pas!}}. The 1918 French propaganda poster by
"'''They shall not pass'''" ({{langx|fr|Ils ne passeront pas}} and {{langx|fr|On ne passe pas}}; {{langx|ro|Pe aici nu se trece}}; {{langx|es|No pasarán}}) is a [[slogan]], notably used by France in [[World War I]], to express a determination to defend a position against an enemy. Its Spanish-language form was also used as an [[anti-fascist]] slogan during the [[Spanish Civil War]] by the [[Republican faction (Spanish Civil War)|Republican]] faction.
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[[File:On ne passe pas-1915.jpg|thumb|{{lang|fr|Halte la! On ne passe pas!}}<br />French card, 1915]]
The widespread use of the slogan originates from the 1916 [[Battle of Verdun]] in the [[First World War]] when [[French Army]] General [[Robert Nivelle]] urged his troops not to let the enemy pass.<ref name=DK>{{cite book | title=Battles that Changed History: Epic Conflicts Explored and Explained | date=September 2018 | isbn= 978-0241301937 | publisher=[[DK (publisher)|DK]] | author-link=Tony Robinson | first=Tony | last=Robinson | page=197}}</ref> The simplified slogan of "they shall not pass" appeared on French war propaganda posters, most notably by French artist
Later during the First World War, the slogan was also used by [[Romanian Army]] soldiers during the [[Battle of Mărășești]], with the Romanian translation of the phrase being "{{lang|ro|Pe aici nu se trece}}", translating as "One does not pass through here."
==Later use==
French socialist politician [[Léon Blum]] ([[French Section of the Workers' International|SFIO]]), in 1934, used this sentence "{{lang|fr|Ils ne passeront pas
It was also used during the [[Spanish Civil War]], this time at the [[siege of Madrid]] by [[Dolores Ibárruri|Dolores Ibárruri Gómez]] ("Pasionaria"), a member of the [[Communist Party of Spain]], in her famous "{{lang|es|No pasarán}}" speech.<ref name="Ibárruri">{{cite book | last1=Ibárruri | first1=D. | last2=Ibárruri | first2=I.D. | author3=Partido Comunista de España | title=They Shall Not Pass: The Autobiography of La Pasionaria | publisher=International Publishers | series=New world paperbacks | year=1966 | isbn=978-0-7178-0468-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j983FGkF1jEC | access-date=2020-06-22 | page=195}}</ref> The leader of the [[Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)|Nationalist]] forces, [[Generalissimo|Generalísimo]] [[Francisco Franco]], upon gaining [[Madrid]], responded to this slogan by declaring "{{lang|es|Hemos pasado}}" ("We have passed").
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In the 1980s, the phrase {{lang|es|¡No pasarán!}} was a theme in the [[Central American crisis]], particularly in the [[Nicaraguan Revolution]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Kunzle |first=David |title=The Murals of Revolutionary Nicaragua, 1979–1992 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lSDgTC6JXI0C&pg=PA168 |year=1995 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=9780520081925 |page=168 }}</ref> {{lang|es|Nicaragua no pasarán}} is also the title of a 1984 documentary by [[David Bradbury (film maker)|David Bradbury]] about the events in Nicaragua that led to the overthrow of Somoza's dictatorship.<ref>{{cite book |last=Kallen |first=Stuart A. |title=The Aftermath of the Sandinista Revolution |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EUX22oowNIAC&pg=PA152 |year=2009 |publisher=Twenty-First Century Books |isbn=9780822590910 |page=152 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.frontlinefilms.com.au/videos/nicaragua.htm |title=Nicaragua: ''No Pasaran'' |publisher=Frontline Films |access-date=30 June 2015 |archive-date=28 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528213106/http://www.frontlinefilms.com.au/videos/nicaragua.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=FitzSimons |first1=Trish |last2=Laughren |first2=Pat |last3=Williamson |first3=Dugald |title=Australian Documentary: History, Practices and Genres |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v1_p2BdHjLUC&pg=PA267 |year=2011 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521167994 |page=267 }}</ref>
In 2024, it has been adopted as motto by the [[155th Mechanized Brigade (Ukraine)]] as it has been trained and equipped by France.
==Gallery==
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