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{{Short description| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Soviet scientist and admiral}}▼
{{lead too short|date=January 2014}}
{{Infobox military person
|name= Aksel Ivanovich Berg
|native_name = Аксель Иванович Берг
|birth_date={{BirthOldStyleDate|10 dateNovember|1893|11|1029 October}}
|death_date= {{Death date and age|1979|6|9|1893|11|10|df=y}}
|birth_place= [[Orenburg]], Russia[[Russian Empire]]
|death_place= [[Moscow]], [[USSR]]
|image=
|image= Aksel Ivanovich Berg.jpg
|caption=
|nickname=
|allegiance = {{flag|Russian Empire}} <br> {{USSR}}
|branch = [[Imperial Russian Navy]], [[Soviet Navy]]
Line 16 ⟶ 15:
|battles=[[World War I]]<br>[[Russian Civil War]]<br>[[World War II]]
|awards=[[Hero of Socialist Labour]]
|signature=Sign of Aksel Berg.png
* [[Order of Lenin]] (three times)
* [[Order of the Red Banner]] (twice)
* [[Order of the October Revolution]]
* [[Order of the Red Star]]
* [[Order of the Patriotic War]]
|laterwork=
}}
 
'''Aksel Ivanovich Berg''' ({{langx|ru|Аксель Иванович Берг}}; {{OldStyleDate|10 November|1893|29 October}} – 9 July 1979) was a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] scientist in radio-frequency engineering and [[Soviet Navy]] Admiral, [[Hero of Socialist Labour]]. He was a key figure in the introduction of [[cybernetics]] to the Soviet Union.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Берг Аксель Иванович|trans-title= Berg, Aksel Ivanovich|url=https://etu.ru/ru/muzej/vydayushhiesya-uchenye/berg-a-i|access-date=2020-09-17|website=ETU «LETI»|language=ru}}</ref>
'''Aksel Ivanovich Berg''' ([[Orenburg]] 1893 – [[Moscow]] 1979) was a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] scientist and Navy Admiral (in Engineering).
 
==Early life==
Berg's father was General Johan (Ivan) Berg, of [[Swedish-speaking Finns|Finland-Swedish]] origin, and his mother was [[Italy|Italian]]. Aksel was 11 when his father died, and Aksel was matriculated to [[Saint Petersburg]] navy school. Berg joined the Imperial Russian Navy in 1914 and served as junior navigating officer on the [[Russian battleship Tsesarevich]] and as liaison officer on the British submarine [[HMS E8]], which was [[British submarine flotilla in the Baltic|operating in the Baltic in alliance with Russia]]. After the revolution Berg served in the [[Red Navy]] 1918–22. In 1919 he was navigating officer on the submarine ''Pantera'' when it sank the British destroyer [[HMS Vittoria (1917)|HMS ''Vittoria'']]. He subsequently commanded the [[Bars class submarine (1915)|submarines ''Rys'', ''Volk'' and ''Zmeya'']]. From 1925 Berg was based onshore and completed his education at the [[Saint Petersburg Polytechnical University]]. From 1927 he was assigned to the navy radio electronics department and from 1932 to 1937 he headed the Navy Communications Research Institute.
 
== Soviet times ==
==Imprisoned and rehabilitated==▼
===Before the German-Soviet war===
During [[Great Purge|Stalin's purges]], Berg was imprisoned for three years, but was freed and rehabilitated in 1940, when Stalin became interested in developing radar. Berg was immediately appointed as minister of electronic technology of the USSR. He developed the Redut-K air-warning radar which was placed aboard the light cruiser ''[[Soviet cruiser Molotov|Molotov]]'' in April 1941.<ref>Watson, Raymond C. (2009).''Radar Origins Worldwide''. Trafford Publishing, p. 306. ISBN 1426921101</ref> ''Molotov''´s device enabled her to play a key role in the air defense of [[Sevastopol]] in the first stages of [[Operation Barbarossa]].<ref>Yakubov, Vladimir; Worth, Richard (2009). "The Soviet Light Cruisers of the Kirov Class". In Jordan, John. Warship 2009. London: Conway. p. 88. ISBN 978-1-84486-089-0</ref>▼
After the revolution Berg served in the [[Red Navy]] 1918–22. In 1918 he participated in the [[Ice Cruise of the Baltic Fleet]]. In 1919 he was navigating officer on the submarine ''Pantera'' when it sank the British destroyer [[HMS Vittoria (1917)|HMS ''Vittoria'']]. He subsequently commanded the [[Bars class submarine (1915)|submarines ''Rys'', ''Volk'' and ''Zmeya'']]. From 1925 Berg was based onshore and completed his education at the [[Saint Petersburg Polytechnical University]]. From 1927 he was assigned to the navy radio electronics department and from 1932 to 1937 he headed the Navy Communications Research Institute.
 
▲===Imprisoned and rehabilitated===
==After World War II==▼
▲During [[Great Purge|Stalin's purges]], Berg was imprisoned for three years, but was freed and rehabilitated in 1940, when Stalin became interested in developing radar. Berg was immediately appointed as minister of electronic technology of the USSR. He developed the Redut-K air-warning radar which was placed aboard the light cruiser ''[[Soviet cruiser Molotov|Molotov]]'' in April 1941.<ref>Watson, Raymond C. (2009).''Radar Origins Worldwide''. Trafford Publishing, p. 306. {{ISBN |1426921101}}</ref> ''Molotov''´s device enabled her to play a key role in the air defense of [[Sevastopol]] in the first stages of [[Operation Barbarossa]].<ref>Yakubov, Vladimir; Worth, Richard (2009). "The Soviet Light Cruisers of the Kirov Class". In Jordan, John. Warship 2009. London: Conway. p. 88. {{ISBN |978-1-84486-089-0}}</ref>
After the war Berg directed the Radioelectronics Institute 1947–57 and was a Deputy Minister of Defence 1953–57. Then in 1958 he founded the [[Scientific Council of Complex Problem Cybernetics]] of which he became head.<ref name="CyberHeroes">{{cite web | url=http://wvegter.hivemind.net/abacus/CyberHeroes/Berg.htm | title=Axel Ivanovich Berg | publisher=Wobbe Vegter | accessdate=November 17, 2012 | author=Vegter, Wobbe}}</ref> His main interests were [[radio communication]]s, [[microelectronic]]s and [[cybernetic]]s (i.e. [[computer science]] and [[engineering]]).▼
 
▲===After Worldthe War IIwar===
Berg died in Moscow in 1979 and is buried in [[Novodevichy Cemetery]].▼
▲After the war Berg directed the Radioelectronics Institute 1947–57 and was a Deputy Minister of Defence 1953–57. Then in 1958 he founded and led the [[Scientific Council ofon Complex ProblemProblems in Cybernetics]] of which he became head.<ref name="CyberHeroes">{{cite web | url=http://wvegter.hivemind.net/abacus/CyberHeroes/Berg.htm | title=Axel Ivanovich Berg | publisher=Wobbe Vegter | accessdate=November 17, 2012 | author=Vegter, Wobbe}}</ref> His main interests were [[radio communicationradiolocation]]s, [[microelectronic]]s and [[cybernetic]]s (i.e. [[computer science]] and [[radio-frequency engineering]]).
 
===Death===
▲Aksel Berg died in Moscow in 1979 and is buried inat [[Novodevichy Cemetery]].
[[File:LETI Acsel Berg.png|thumb|right|Plaque to commemorate Aksel Berg at the [[Saint Petersburg State Electrotechnical University]]]]
 
==Selected publications==
Berg A., (1964), [http://www.unz.org/Pub/AngloSovietJ-1964q1-00013 'Cybernetics and Education'] in ''The Anglo-Soviet Journal'', March 1964, pp.&nbsp;13–20 (English language)
 
==Honours and awards==
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==References==
{{reflistReflist}}
 
==External links==
{{commons category|Aksel Berg}}
* {{Cite web |title=Берг Аксель Иванович |trans-title=Berg, Aksel' Ivanovich|url=https://warheroes.ru/hero/hero.asp?Hero_id=9025 |lang=ru|access-date=2022-05-31 |website=Герои страны}}
* [http://www.warheroes.ru/hero/hero.asp?Hero_id=902 warheres.ru (Russian)]
{{Authority control}}
 
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Berg, Aksel
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
▲| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Soviet scientist and admiral
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1893-11-10
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Orenburg]], Russia
| DATE OF DEATH = 1979-06-09
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Moscow]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Berg, Aksel}}
[[Category:1893 births]]
[[Category:1979 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Orenburg]]
[[Category:People from Orenburgsky Uyezd]]
[[Category:Soviet people of ItalianFinnish descent]]▼
[[Category:Soviet admiralspeople of Italian descent]]▼
[[Category:Communist Party of the Soviet Union members]]
[[Category:Soviet submarine commandersadmirals]]▼
[[Category:Imperial Russian Navy officers]]
[[Category:Soviet submarine commanders]]
[[Category:Soviet scientists]]
[[Category:Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University alumni]]
[[Category:Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences]]▼
[[Category:Soviet prisoners and detainees]]
[[Category:Soviet rehabilitations]]
[[Category:Russian military personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:Soviet military personnel of the Russian Civil War]]
[[Category:Soviet people of World War II]]
[[Category:Heroes of Socialist Labour]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Lenin, four times]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner, twice]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the October Revolution]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Red Star, three times]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class]]
▲[[Category:Soviet submarine commanders]]
▲[[Category:Soviet people of Italian descent]]
[[Category:Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery]]
▲[[Category:Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences]]
▲[[Category:Soviet admirals]]
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