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{{Short description|Ancient city in Syria Secunda}}
{{Distinguish|Raphana}}
{{Infobox ancient site
 
|name = Raphanea
|native_name = الرفنية
|alternate_name =
|image = Ifpo 21511 Syrie, gouvernorat de Hama, district de Masyaf, région de Raphanée, vue aérienne oblique.jpg
|image =
|alt =
|caption = 1936 aerial view of Raphanea
|map_type = Syria
|map_alt =
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|location = [[Syria]]
|region = [[Hama Governorate]]
|coordinates = {{coord|34|5556|5803|N|36|2223|3648|E|type:city_region:SY_source:kolossus-frwiki|display=inline,title}}
|type =
|part_of =
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|notes =
}}
 
'''Raphanea''' or '''Raphaneae''' (present-day Rafniye) was a city of the late [[Roman province]] of [[Syria Secunda]]. Its bishopric was a [[suffragan]] of [[Apamea, Syria|Apamea]].
'''Raphanea''' or '''Raphaneae''' ({{langx|grc|Ῥαφάνεια}};<ref>{{cite web|author=Emil Schürer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X7k3BAAAQBAJ&q=%E1%BF%AC%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1&pg=PT647|title=A History of the Jewish People in the Time of Jesus Christ: Two Divisions in Five Volumes|publisher=Aeterna Press|year=2014|isbn=}}</ref> {{langx|ar|الرفنية|al-Rafaniyya}}; colloquial: ''Rafniye'') was a city of the late [[Roman province]] of [[Syria Secunda]]. Its bishopric was a [[suffragan]] of [[Apamea, Syria|Apamea]].
 
== History ==
 
[[Josephus]] mentions Raphanea in connection with a streamriver Σαββατικον, referred now to as [[Sambatiyon]] that flowed only every seventh days (probably an intermittent spring now called Fuwar ed-Deir) and that was viewed by [[Titus]] on his way northward from [[Berytus]] after the [[destruction of Jerusalem]] in AD 70.<ref>[http://www.ccel.org/j/josephus/works/war-7.htm Josephus, ''The War of the Jews or The History of the Destruction of Jerusalem'', book 7, chapter 5, 1]</ref>
 
Near [[Emesa]], Raphanea was the fortified headquarters of the [[Legio III Gallica]] from which was launched the successful bid of 14-year-old [[Elagabalus]] to become [[Roman Emperor]] in 218.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=hL99AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA209&lpg=PA209&dq=Raphanea&sourcepg=bl&ots=4DaCM2ppf7&sig=mLW-X24VffxD7hwPkFqpiYnN6Ac&hl=en&sa=X&ei=EhMFU7uZBYP27Ab99oCYBg&ved=0CCkQ6AEwADgK#v=onepage&q=Raphanea&f=falsePA209 Jasper Burns, ''Great Women of Imperial Rome'' (Routledge 2006] {{ISBN |978-1-13413185-3}}), p. 209</ref>
 
Raphanea issued coins under Elagabalus,<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=YJPn3-rRjC0C&pg=PA117&lpg=PA117&dq=Rafniyeh&sourcepg=bl&ots=aVD6jKNF9n&sig=ShX7X1eONjBdujC51uleuc8vxrw&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ATkGU9nWBYrF7Aal2oCgAQ&ved=0CFgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Rafniyeh&f=falsePA117 Kevin Butcher, ''Roman Syria and the Near East'' (Getty Publications 2003] {{ISBN |978-0-89236715-3}}), p. 117</ref> and many of its coins are extant.<ref>[http://numismatics.org/search/results?q=department_facet:%22Greek%22%20AND%20mint_facet:%22Raphanea%22 American Numismatic Society: Raphanea]</ref><ref>[http://www.cerberuscoins.com/Elagabalus-AE21mm-of-Raphanea-in-Syria.html Elagabalus AE21mm Raphanea in Syria]</ref><ref>[http://www.forumancientcoins.com/board/index.php?topic=42046.0;wap2 Raphanea Genius Coin]</ref>
 
[[Hierocles (author of Synecdemus)|Hierocles]]<ref>''[[Synecdemus]]'', 712, 8.</ref> and [[Georgius Cyprius]]<ref>870 ([[Heinrich Gelzer]], ''Georgii Cyprii descriptio orbis romani'', 44)</ref> mention Raphanea among the towns of Syria Secunda. The crusaders passed through it at the end of 1099; it was taken by [[Baldwin I of Edessa|Baldwin I]] and was given to the [[Count of Tripoli]].<ref>"Historiens des croisades", passim; Rey in "Bulletin de la Société des antiquaires de France", Paris, 1885, 266.</ref> It was then known as Rafania.<ref name=CE>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13018c.htm Sophrone Pétridès, "Rhaphanaea" in ''Catholic Encyclopedia'' (New York 1912)]</ref>
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*Nonnus, 536.
 
The see is mentioned as late as the 10th century in the ''[[Notitia episcopatuum]]'' of [[Antioch]].<ref name=CE/><ref>Vailhé, "EchosÉchos d'Orient", X, 94.</ref>
 
==References==
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== External links ==
*{{cite web |url=http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/668350 |title=Places: 668350 (Raphaneai) |author=Brown, J., P. Gatier, R. Warner, R. Talbert, T. Elliott, S. Gillies |accessdate=March 8, 2012<!-- 12:10 pm -->|publisher=Pleiades}}
*[http://www.tabula-peutingeriana.de/tp/tp_nr.html#R Raphanea(e)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605201153/http://www.tabula-peutingeriana.de/tp/tp_nr.html#R |date=2016-06-05 }} in the ''[[Tabula Peutingeriana]]'']
 
{{Authority control}}
 
[[Category:Catholic titular sees in Asia]]
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