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{{Short description|Russian-Soviet test pilot, aviator, researcher}}
{{
{{Expand Russian|Громов, Михаил Михайлович|date=February 2018}}▼
{{Refimprove|date=February 2022}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2017}}
{{Infobox aviator
|name= Mikhail Gromov
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|image_size=
|alt=
|caption=Gromov in 1937
|native_name = {{lang|ru|Михаил Громов}}
|full_name=
|birth_date= {{OldStyleDate|24 February|1899|12 February}}
|birth_place= [[Tver
|death_date= {{Death date and age|df=y|1985|1|22|1899|2|23}}
|death_place=[[Moscow]],
|death_cause=
|resting_place=[[Novodevichy Cemetery]], Moscow
|monuments=
[[Zhukovsky (city)|Zhukovsky, Russia]] at the headquarters of the [[Gromov Flight Research Institute]]
|nationality=
|spouse=
|relatives=
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|website= <!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
}}
'''Mikhail Mikhailovich Gromov''' ({{
== Early life ==
Gromov's father, Mikhail Konstantinovich Gromov, was of noble [[intelligentsia]] and served as military medic. His mother, Lyubov Ignatyevna Andreeva, was from peasant family
== Career ==
Upon graduation from the Moscow Central Aviation School in 1918, Gromov served as a [[flight instructor]] and military [[aircraft pilot|pilot]]. In 1923, he won the Soviet championship in weightlifting (heavy body mass, over 82,5 kg). In 1925, he started working as a [[test pilot]] testing the aeroplanes designed by [[Andrei Tupolev]] and [[Nikolai Nikolaevich Polikarpov|Nikolai Polikarpov]] in Air Force Research Institute. From 1930 to 1941, Gromov worked in the [[TsAGI|Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute]] and became chief-pilot.<ref>{{cite book |last=Громов |first=Михаил |date=1986 |title=Через всю жизнь |trans-title=Through the Whole Life |language=RU |location=Москва |publisher=Молодая гвардия |pages=190 |isbn=}}</ref> On 25 April 1927 made the first Soviet [[parachute]] jump out of a [[Polikarpov I-1]] under testing that had entered an unrecoverable [[Spin (aerodynamics)|spin]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Gunston|first=Bill|authorlink=Bill Gunston |title=The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft 1875–1995|publisher=Osprey|location=London|date=1995|isbn=1-85532-405-9}}, pp. 286-287.</ref>▼
=== Institutional positions ===
▲Upon graduation
From March to August 1941, Gromov was the first director of the [[Gromov Flight Research Institute|Flight Research Institute]], a flight research and testing centre in [[Zhukovsky (city)|Zhukovsky]]. The name of M. M. Gromov was awarded to the institute in 1991 to celebrate the Institute's 50th anniversary
From 10 to 12 September 1934, Gromov, A. I. Filin, and I. T. Spirin in a [[Tupolev ANT-25]] made a record closed-circle non-stop flight on the route [[Moscow]]-[[Ryazan]]-[[Kharkiv|Kharkov]], flying {{convert|12,411|km|mi|sp=us|abbr=}} in 75 hours. He was awarded the title of [[Hero of the Soviet Union]] for this deed.▼
After the war, Gromov was deputy commander of the [[Long-Range Aviation]] from 1946 to 1949. Later, till 1955, he was head of Department of flight service of [[Ministry of Aviation Industry (Soviet Union)|Ministry of Aviation Industry]]. In 1955 he was discharged.▼
From 12 to 14 July 1937, Gromov, A. B. Yumashev, and S. A. Danilin established a new [[Flight distance record|non-stop flight distance record]] of {{convert|10148|km|mi|sp=us}} from Moscow to [[San Jacinto, California|San Jacinto]], California, via the [[North Pole]] in a [[Tupolev ANT-25]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Gromov |first=M. M. |date=1939 |title=Across the North pole to America |url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Across-America-Mikhail-Mikhailovich-Gromov/dp/B0006APDGA |language=EN |location=[[Moscow]] |publisher=Foreign Languages Publishing House |pages=38 |isbn=}}</ref>▼
From 1937 to 1946, Gromov was deputy of the [[Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union|Supreme Soviet of the USSR]] (1st convocation).▼
Gromov used his influence and renown among the government to attain reconsideration of [[Sergei Korolev]]'s case, which resulted in his transfer from prison camp at [[Kolyma]] to TsKB-29.▼
In late 1940, he initiated the establishment of the [[Fedotov Test Pilot School]].<ref name="ShLI2002">{{cite book
▲From March to August 1941, Gromov was the first director of the [[Gromov Flight Research Institute|Flight Research Institute]], a flight research and testing centre in [[Zhukovsky (city)|Zhukovsky]]. The name of M. M. Gromov was awarded to the institute in 1991 to celebrate 50th anniversary of the institute.
=== Testing history ===
Gromov was involved in extensive testing and promotion of Russian airplanes throughout Europe and Asia. For example, from June to September 1925, Gromov flew the [[Polikarpov R-1]] in the long-haul group flight of nine aeroplanes on the route [[Moscow]]-[[Beijing]]-[[Tokyo]]. A year later, in 1926, Gromov completed a {{convert|7150|km|mi|sp=us}} European promotional flight in a [[Tupolev ANT-3]] on the route [[Moscow]]-[[Königsberg]]-[[Berlin]]-[[Paris]]-[[Rome]]-[[Vienna]]-[[Prague]]-[[Warsaw]]-[[Moscow]]. Notably, on 25 April 1927, he made the first Soviet [[parachute]] jump out of a [[Polikarpov I-1]] in a testing that involved the plane having entered into an unrecoverable [[Spin (aerodynamics)|spin]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Gunston|first=Bill|title=The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft 1875–1995|date=1995|publisher=Osprey|isbn=1-85532-405-9|location=London|author-link=Bill Gunston}}, pp. 286-287.</ref>
▲From 10 to 12 September 1934, Gromov, A. I. Filin, and I. T. Spirin
▲
=== Service in World War II ===
During [[World War II]], Gromov took command of several units:
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*From 1944 to 1946, Gromov was head of the Main Department of combat training of frontline aviation of the Air Force.
== Miscellaneous ==
▲After the war, Gromov was deputy commander of the [[Long-Range Aviation]] from 1946 to 1949. Later, till 1955, he was head of Department of flight service of [[Ministry of Aviation Industry (Soviet Union)|Ministry of Aviation Industry]]. In 1955 he was discharged.
From 1959 to 1961, Gromov headed the Weightlifting Federation of USSR. ▼
▲From 1937 to 1946, Gromov was deputy of the [[Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union|Supreme Soviet of the USSR]] (1st convocation).
▲In late 1940, he initiated the establishment of the [[Fedotov Test Pilot School]].<ref name="ShLI2002">{{cite book |last1= |first1= |date=2002 |editor-last=Знаменская |editor-first=Наталья |title=ШЛИ со временем |trans-title=ShLI in Time |url=https://search.rsl.ru/ru/search#yf=2002&yt=2002&q=%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B8%20%D1%81%D0%BE%20%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC |language=RU |edition=2 |location=Жуковский |publisher=ООО "Редакция газеты "Жуковские вести" |pages=400 |isbn=}}</ref>
▲Gromov used his influence and renown
▲From 1959 to 1961, Gromov headed the Weightlifting Federation of USSR.
Gromov lived in Moscow. Gromov's wife, Nina Georgievna Gromova (1922–2019), was an [[Equestrianism|equestrian]] sportswoman.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.equnews.ru/drugie-vidy-sporta/legendy-ne-stareyut-nina-georgievna-gr/|title=Легенды не стареют! Нина Георгиевна Громова снова в седле|website=Equnews.ru|language=ru-RU|access-date=2019-02-11|archive-date=12 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212011219/http://www.equnews.ru/drugie-vidy-sporta/legendy-ne-stareyut-nina-georgievna-gr/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Gromov died on January 22 1985 in Moscow. He is buried at [[Novodevichy Cemetery]].
== Commemorations ==
=== Monuments ===
<gallery>
File:Бюст М.М. Громова, п. Чкаловский.jpg|Monument in [[Shchyolkovo]] near [[Chkalovsky Airport|Chkalovsky, Russia]]
File:Hangar 1 + Gromov.jpg|Mikhail Gromov [[commemorative plaque]] on the [[Gromov Flight Research Institute]] hangar 1
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=== In philately ===
<gallery>
File:1938 CPA 599-601.jpg|Danilin, Gromov and Yumashev on the USSR postage stamps
File:Russian post cover on M. M. Gromov 100-years anniversary in 1999.jpg|Russian post envelope with commemorative stamp on M. M. Gromov 100-years anniversary (1999)
</gallery>
=== In phaleristics ===
The Gromov Medal was established in March 2011 by the [[Gromov Flight Research Institute]] as a highest corporate award in memory of the founder of the institute.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://
<gallery>
File:
File:Медаль Громова - Gromov Medal 2.jpg|
</gallery>
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==External links==
*[http://www.liicom.ru/egromov.phtml Biography] on the old and frozen [[Gromov Flight Research Institute|LII]] website
* Громов, Михаил Михайлович // Большая Советская Энциклопедия. / под ред. А. М. Прохорова. 3-е изд. том 7. М., «Советская энциклопедия», 1972
* S. P. Korolev. Encyclopedia of life and creativity / Editor C. A. Lopota, RSC Energia, 2014 {{ISBN|978-5-906674-04-3}}
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[[Category:1899 births]]
[[Category:1985 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Tver]]▼
[[Category:People from Tver Governorate]]▼
[[Category:Russian aviators]]
[[Category:Soviet World War II pilots]]
[[Category:Heroes of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Flight distance record holders]]▼
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner]]▼
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Suvorov, 2nd class]]▼
[[Category:Soviet colonel generals]]
[[Category:Soviet Air Force generals]]
[[Category:
[[Category:Russian aviation record holders]]
[[Category:Soviet aviation record holders]]
▲[[Category:Flight distance record holders]]
▲[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner]]
▲[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Suvorov, 2nd class]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Legion of Honour]]
[[Category:Gromov Flight Research Institute employees]]
[[Category:Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute employees]]
▲[[Category:People from Tver]]
▲[[Category:People from Tver Governorate]]
[[Category:Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery]]
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