University of Giessen: Difference between revisions

|students=28,454<ref name="FactsAndFigures">{{cite web |url=https://www.uni-giessen.de/about/jlu/facts |title=Facts and Figures |website=University of Giessen |access-date=2017-04-20 April 2017}}</ref>

|country=[[Germany]]

|administrative_staff=2,394<ref name="FactsAndFigures"/>|academic_staff=3,039<ref name="FactsAndFigures"/>|native_name_lang=de|state=[[Hesse]]|budget=€ 223 million<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.giessener-allgemeine.de/regional/stadtgiessen/art71,83084 |title=Universität: Haushalt auf Rekordniveau |language=de |date=17 July 2013 |publisher=Gießener Allgemeine Zeitung |access-date=2017-06-21 June 2017}}</ref>}}

'''University of Giessen''', official name '''Justus Liebig University Giessen'''<ref>Official name in English according to the university's [http://www.uni-giessen.de/welcome website].</ref> ({{lang-langx|de|link=no|Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen}}), is a large public research university in [[Giessen]], [[Hesse]], [[Germany]]. It is one of the oldest institutions of higher education in the [[German speaking world|German-speaking world]].<ref>Official name in English according to the university's [http://www.uni-giessen.de/welcome website].</ref> It is named after its most famous faculty member, [[Justus von Liebig]], the founder of modern agricultural chemistry and inventor of artificial fertiliser. It covers the areas of arts/humanities, business, dentistry, economics, law, medicine, science, social sciences, and veterinary medicine. Its [[University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg|university hospital]], which has two sites, Giessen and [[Marburg]] (the latter of which is the teaching hospital of the [[University of Marburg]]), is the only private university hospital in Germany.

The University of Giessen is among the oldest institutions of higher educations in the German-speaking world. It was founded in 1607 as a [[Lutheran]] university in the city of [[Giessen]] in [[Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt|Hesse-Darmstadt]] because the all-Hessian ''Landesuniversität'' (the nearby [[University of Marburg]] (''Philipps-Universität Marburg'') in [[Marburg]], [[Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel|Hesse-Kassel]] (or Hesse-Cassel)) had become Reformed (that is, [[Calvinist]]). [[Louis V, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt]], whence the university got its original name "Ludoviciana,", founded his own institution of higher education in Giessen, which as a Lutheran institution had the primary function of ensuring the education of [[pastor]]spastors and [[civil servant]]sservants. Endowed with a charter issued by [[Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor]], on 19 May 1607, the university was allowed to proceed with instruction in October 1607. During the [[Thirty Years' War]], when Hesse-Darmstadt was able to take the area around Marburg for itself, the University of Giessen ceased instruction and was moved back to its more long-standing location in Marburg (1624/25). The [[Peace of Westphalia]] led to the restoration of the old location and in 1650 to the relocation of the university to Giessen.

In the 17th and 18th centuries the Ludoviciana was a typical small state university that then had the four common faculties (theology, law, medicine, and philosophy).<ref>The mobility and scientific impact of professors of the University of Gießen and other European universities is one of ''the objectives of'' in the project Upper Tail Human Capital and the Rise of the West (UTHC) financed by the European Research Council/ERC. For a summary description of scholars and literati who engaged in teaching at the Ludoviciana, see [[David de la Croix]] and Robert Stelter, (2021), [https://ojs.uclouvain.be/index.php/RETE/article/view/60533/56653 Scholars and Literati at the University of Gießen (1607–1800), Repertorium Eruditorum Totius Europae/RETE, 2:31–37.] It illustrates the scientific impact of a typical small German state university in the 17th and 18th century.</ref> The instruction was reasonable, with about 20 to 25 professors teaching several hundred students, the latter of which were mostly "Landeskinder.". In the 18th century came gradual modernization of the curricula and reforms in the instruction, which were definitively influenced by the local lordly court in Darmstadt. The example for the reforms were both of the "model universities of the Enlightenment,", the University of Halle, founded in 1694, and more still Georgia Augusta, founded in Göttingen in 1734/37. Indeed, all attempts at reform were from the start limited by the limited finances of Hesse-Darmstadt.

The noteworthy creation of a Faculty of Economics (1777–1785) was ultimately was born out of this financial hardship. In the Faculty of Economics, new practical subjects were brought together ([[veterinary medicine]], [[forestry]], and [[cameralism|cameral sciences]]), which the university was supposed to make "expedient" and "profitable.". (One of the earliest courses of study in forestry in Europe.) After finishing studies in this Faculty, a number of these youths were able to gain recognition in the Faculties of Medicine and Philosophy. They established the unusually diverse course offerings that continue to exist to the modern day at the University of Giessen.

The University of Giessen weathered the transition from the 18th to the 19th century unscathed and was still the only university of an enlarged territory, the [[Grand Duchy of Hesse]]. Alongside Jena, Giessen was the prototype for the politicized Vormärz university, and the "Giessener Schwarzen" with [[Karl Follen]] and [[Georg Büchner]], marked the revolutionary spirit of this decade. With the appointment of the 21-year-old [[Justus von Liebig]] in 1824 through the Grand Duchy — againstDuchy—against the will of the university on the recommendation of [[Alexander von Humboldt]] — a—a new era in the natural sciences began, not only in Giessen. Young, promising scientists created a new impulse in their respective areas of knowledge; among these scientists were the antiquarian [[Friedrich Gottlieb Welcker]], the lawyer [[Rudolf von Jhering]], the theologian [[Adolf von Harnack]], the mathematician [[Moritz Pasch]] and the physicist [[Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen]].

At the turn of the 20th century, the Ludoviciana began to expand into a modern university. During this period, new clinics in human and veterinary medicine were established, and the university library received its first proper building. With the creation of the university's central building (inaugurated 1880) and the adjacent newly constructed facilities for chemistry and physics a new cultural centre was established on what was then the border of the city. The decisive backer of this project was the last Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig, to whom the university bestowed out of thankfulness the honorary title of "Rector Magnificentissimus.". In 1902 the student body surpassed one thousand. For the first time included in the student body were women, who since 1900 were admitted as guest students and starting in 1908 were admitted for regular study.

In December 2019 the university shut down all of its IT-servers after a "serious IT security incident". [[Landeskriminalamt|Hess State Prosecution Office]] investigated the case of a suspected hacker-attack.<ref>[{{Cite web|date=9 December 2019|title=Möglicher Hackerangriff legt Uni Gießen lahm|url=https://www.hessenschau.de/panorama/moeglicher-hackerangriff-legt-uni-giessen-lahm,uni-giessen-vom-netz-100.html]|access-date=10 HessischerFebruary Rundfunk, December 9, 20192023|website=hessenschau.de|language=de}}</ref>

Following is the growth in the student population of University of Giessen<ref>Quelle{{Cite für 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2007web|title=Studierendenstatistik: Der Präsident der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (Hrsg.): ''Bericht des Präsidiums.'' 2. Februar 2005. Für 2008–2015:Allgemeiner ([Teil|url=https://www.uni-giessen.de/cmsde/org/admin/kb/stat/studstat|access-date=10 StudierendenstatistikenFebruary der JLU])<br /> Für den Sommer 1939: Brake, Ludwig [Hrsg.]: ''800 Jahre Giessener Geschichte.''2023|website=Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen 1997, S. 464.|language=de}}</ref>

Although the university has no defined campus, buildings and facilities are grouped together according to their subject areas and situated in various locations around Giessen. Philosophikum II, for example is an area on the outskirts of the city bordering the city forest. A number of faculty buildings and lecture theaters are located there, including Audimax, a building containing several lecture halls whose atrium is often the venue for concerts and disco nights, locally known as "Uni-Partys.Party".

File:Physik und ifz.jpg|Interdisciplinary Research Center (IFZ) with the physics buildings in the background.

File:Zeughaus - (Gießen, Mitte 2003).jpg|Zeughaus, a historic building in Giessen used by the agriculture departments and the university library.

File:Justus-liebig-universitaet klinikum chirurgie20071014.jpg|Surgery building of the university hospital.

File:2008-08_Gie%C3%9Fen_02.jpg|Department of Economics, Law and Business Studies.

File:2005-08_Gießen_-_JLU_-_Audimax2.jpg|Audimax, the large auditorium of the arts/humanities campus.

File:Uniklinikum Giessen.jpg|University hospital.

File:Gießen_Friedrichstr18_952.jpg|University eye clinic.

File:Giessen_Goethestrasse_58_f_60884.png|The student services building.

File:Gießen_Biomedizinisches_Forschungszentrum01_2011-08-22.jpg|The Biomedical Research Center (BFZ).

File:Gießen_Heinrich-Buff-Ring01_2009-02-11.jpg|The chemistry building.

File:Justus-liebig-universitaet_universitaetsbibliothek20070805.jpg|The main university library.

Two law students of University of Giessen, Karl Siegfrieden (4 June 1822 – 10 March 1840) and Karl von Müller (10 June 1799 – 10 March 1840), are buried in a double grave at Alter Friedhof cemetery in Giessen. That both died on the same day sparked the myth that they had fought against each other in a [[duel]]. However, in 2008 the local newspaper ''Gießener Allgemeine Zeitung'', referencing a 1939 chronicle of the fraternity Corps Teutonia zu Gießen which Karl von Müller co-founded, revealed that both students had died of [[typhus]]. Von Müller had contracted the disease while nursing his sick friend. The Corps buried both students after a torch-lit funeral procession.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ende einer Legende: Studenten starben an Typhus|last=Klein|first=Dagmar|date=25 October 2008|work=Gießener Allgemeine Zeitung|language=de|trans-title=End of a legend: Students died of Typhus}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Corps Teutonia zu Gießen 1839–1935|last=Fritz|first=Georg|last2=Kremer|first2=Josef|publisher=Münchow’scheMünchow'sche Universitäts-Druckerei Otto Kindt|year=1939|location=Gießen|language=de}}</ref>

Next to Liebig, famous professors at the university included the [[medicine|physician]] [[Georg Haas (physician)|Georg Haas]] (who carried out the world's first human [[hemodialysis]] in Giessen in 1924), the [[theology|theologian]] [[Adolf von Harnack]], the [[lawyer]] [[Rudolf von Jhering]], the [[economist]] and [[statistician]] [[Etienne Laspeyres]], the [[physicist]] [[Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen]], the [[mathematician]]smathematicians [[Moritz Pasch]] and [[Alfred Clebsch]], the [[gestalt psychology|gestalt psychologist]] [[Kurt Koffka]], the [[philologist]] and [[archaeologist]] [[Friedrich Gottlieb Welcker]], the orientalistorientalists [[Friedrich Schwally]], [[Paul E. Kahle]] and [[Eberhard Schrader]], and the president of [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]] [[Benjamin Mazar]]. From 1901 to 1918 [[Hermann Friedrich Gmeiner]] was the first Professor for veterinary internal medicine at the Veterinary Faculty.<ref>{{Cite journal | url=http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search/display.do?f=2013/US/US2013068930006893.xml;US201300689347 | title=Hermann Friedrich Gmeiner (1870-1918)| year=1990| last1=Gilla| first1=Gerhard}}</ref>

Notable alumni of the university include organic chemist [[August Kekulé]], X-ray physicist [[Simone Techert]], health sociologist [https://www.ispm.unibe.ch/about_us/staff/abel_thomas/index_eng.html Thomas Abel], romantic dramatist and revolutionary [[Georg Büchner]], literary and political historian [[Georg Gottfried Gervinus]] and [[botanist]] [[Johann Jacob Dillenius]]. [[Ernest Rutherford]], the Rutherford's [[atomic model]]'s creator, studied in Giessen. Alumnus [[William Schlich]] founded [[Oxford University]]'s forestry program. [[Ruth Kajander]] was a psychiatrist who pioneered use of chlorpromazine as a treatment for schizophrenia. [[Carl A. Schenck]], who received his PhD in forestry from Giessen, founded the [[Biltmore Forest School]], the first such school in the United States. [[Fitsum Assefa]] is an Ethiopian teacher and politician who leads the [[FDRE]] Minister of Planning and Development. Also [[Hans-Joachim Preuss]], former Secretary General of [[Welthungerhilfe]] and managing director of the [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit| giz (gtz)]] graduated and worked at the University of Giessen.

*{{Official website}} {{in lang|de|en}}

[[Category:History of forestryForestry education]]