methyl

چکیده: 3-Carboxy-1-sulfopyridin-1-ium chloride ([CPySO3H]+Cl-) as a novel ionic organocatalyst for the condensation of aldehydes and 2-methylindole to synthesize bis(2-methyl-1H-indole) derivatives in acetonitrile at room temperature has been developed. Some tetrakis (2-methyl-1H indole) derivatives have also been synthesized by the reaction of 2،2'-(butane-1،4- diylbis(oxy))dibenzaldehyde and 2-methylindole or indole in the presence of chlorosulfonic acid immobilized on nicotinic acid ([CPySO3H]+Cl-) at room temperature. All products formed in excellent yields over short reaction times under mild and environmentally friendly conditions. This methodology offers significant improvements for the synthesis of bis(2-methyl-1H-indole) derivatives with regard to the yield of products، simplicity in operation and reusability of the catalyst.


Keywords: Bis(2-methyl-1H-indole); Chlorosulfonic acid; 3-Carboxy-1-sulfopyridin-1-ium; Tetrakis (2-methyl-1H-indole); Nicotinic acid

چکیده: In this study، N1،N1،N2،N2-tetramethylethane-1،2-diamine was reacted with chlorosulfonic acid to afford N1،N1،N2،N2-tetramethyl-N1،N2-bis(sulfo)ethane-1،2-diaminium chloride ([TMBSED][Cl]2) as a new acidic ionic liquid. [TMBSED][Cl]2 was identified by 1H and 13C NMR، mass and FT-IR spectra. Then، its catalytic activity was examined to promote the following multicomponent reactions: (i) the production of 4،4´-(arylmethylene)-bis(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ol)s from arylaldehydes and 3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one in ethanol، and (ii) the synthesis of 12-aryl-8،9،10،12-tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthen-11-ones from arylaldehydes، dimedone and 2-naphthol in solvent-free conditions. The ionic liquid was highly efficient and general catalyst for these reactions.


Keywords: Acidic ionic liquid; [TMBSED][Cl]2; 4,4´-(Arylmethylene)-bis(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ol); 12-Aryl-8,9,10,12-tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthen-11-one

چکیده: Nanomagnetite-Fe3O4 is used as a highly efficient، mild، green and recyclable nanomagnetite catalyst for the synthesis of 4،4´-(arylmethylene)-bis(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ol) derivatives in solvent-free conditions. The condensation reaction of 3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one with aromatic aldehydes affords the title compounds in high yields and short reaction times. The nanocatalyst is reusable for seven times without significant loss of its catalytic activity. Short reaction times، high yields، generality، efficiency، recyclability of the catalyst for seven times، simple purification، clean reaction، and agreement with the green chemistry protocols are some advantages of in this method. the catalyst was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM)، Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR)، X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM).

Keywords: Nanomagnetite, Fe3O4; Nanomagnetite; 4; 4´, (Arylmethylene), bis(3, methyl, 1, phenyl, 1H, pyrazol, 5, ol); 3, Methyl, 1, phenyl, 1H, pyrazol, 5(4H), one; Aromatic aldehyde

چکیده: Friedel–Crafts synthesis of triarylmethanes over 3-methyl-1-sulfonic
acid imidazolium tetrachloroaluminate under green conditions:In this work، Friedel–Crafts (FC) alkylation of various arenes with aromatic aldehydes catalyzed by 3-methyl-1-sulfonic acid imidazoliumtetrachloroaluminate {[Msim]AlCl4}، as a green catalyst، to prepare triarylmethanes (TAMs) has been carried out. Some aromatic aldehydes were reacted with arenes containing electron-donor substitutions such as anisole، veratrole، phenols، indole and 2-naphtole under solvent-free conditions. The catalyst was recovered and reused successfully for four times. Simple methodology، easy work up، solvent-free condition and excellent yields are some advantages of this work.The promising points for the presented method are high yield، green reaction profile، easier work up and simplicity which make it a useful process for the preparation of various triarylmethanes

Keywords: Triarylmethane; Sulfonic acid functionalized imidazolium salt (SAFIS); 3, Methyl, 1, sulfonic acid imidazoliumtetrachloroaluminate {[Msim]AlCl4}; Solvent, free

چکیده: Background: Pregabalin as a new anticonvulsant has been used in different pain treatments..

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) ligands in antinociceptive effect of pregabalin in mice using tail flick..

Materials and Methods: NMDA (15 and 30 mg/kg) as an agonist or MK801 (0.02 and 0.05 mg/kg) as an antagonist were injected intraperitoneally either alone or 15 minutes before antinociceptive dose of pregabalin (100 mg/kg). Then the latency times and %MPE were measured in the tail flick assay during 75 minutes..

Results: NMDA and MK801 had no effects alone. NMDA pretreatment significantly decreased the latency times of pregabalin till 75th minutes. In NMDA pretreated groups، %MPE30 unlike %MPE75 decreased significantly compared to those of pregabalin. MK801 delayed the latency times in pretreated groups، but %MPE30 and %MPE75 did not change significantly compared to pregabalin alone..

Conclusions: Our findings support the role of NMDARs in pregabalin antinociception، because the NMDAR agonist، unlike the antagonist، decreased the antinociceptive effect of pregabalin، even if tail flick is not an adequate pain assessment method in this regard..


Keywords: Leucylarginine, Pregabalin, MK801, NMDA, Tail Flick, N, Methyl, D, Aspartate (NMDA) Receptor

چکیده: Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate-Receptor (NMDA-R) encephalitis is a new autoimmune disorder، often paraneoplastic in nature، presenting with complex neuropsychiatric symptoms. Diagnosed serologically، this disorder is often responsive to immunosuppressant treatment. We here in report the case of a 56-year-old man with anti NMDA-R encephalitis presenting initially with disorientation and hallucination. He later developed bilateral ophthalmoplegia and spastic tetraparesis. Neurological examination showed mild consciousness disturbance and bilateral ophthalmoplegia on admission، spastic tetraparesis with limbs hyperreflexia. Cerebrospinal fluid samples showed mild pleocytosis. MRI disclosed some small hypersignal lesions in the FLAIR. Anti-NMDA-R antibody was diagnosed upon detection of antibody in the serum. Psychiatrists and neurologists should pay more attention to the cranial، mental and behavioral involvement due to this potentially fatal disease.

Keywords: Anti, N, Methyl, D, Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis, Disease Management, Complications

چکیده: Objective(s): To study the effect of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-кB) and cytokine expression and pulmonary function in dogs.

Materials and Methods: Twelve male mongrel dogs were divided into a methylprednisolone group (group M) and a control group (group C). All animals underwent aortic and right atrial catheterization under general anesthesia. Changes in pulmonary function and hemodynamics were monitored and the injured site was histologically evaluated.

Results: The activity of NF-кB and myeloperoxidase (MPO)، levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α، interleukin (IL)-1β، IL-6، and IL-8، and the wet/dry (W/D) weight ratio were significantly higher after CPB than before CPB in both groups (P<0.01)، with="" the="" lower="" values="" in="" group="" m="" than="" in="" group="" c،="" at="" different="" time="" points=""><0.01). histological="" evaluation="" revealed="" neutrophilic="" infiltration="" and="" thickening="" of="" the="" alveolar="" interstitium="" in="" both="" groups;="" however،="" the="" degree="" of="" pathological="" changes="" was="" significantly="" lower="" in="" group="" m="" than="" in="" group="" c.="" the="" alveolar–arterial="" o2="" tension="" difference="" (pa-ado2)="" was="" significantly="" higher="" after="" cpb="" than="" before="" cbp=""><0.01)، and="" lower="" in="" group="" m="" than="" in="" group="" c=""><0.01). the="" pulmonary="" compliance="" after="" removal="" of="" the="" aortic="" clamp="" obviously="" decreased="" in="" group="" c=""><0.05)، with="" no="" significant="" change="" in="" group="" m.="">

Conclusion: CPB can significantly enhance the activation of NF-кB in lung tissues and increase the expression of inflammatory cytokines، thus inducing lung injury. Methylprednisolone can inhibit the NF-кB activation، thus inhibiting the release of cytokines and protecting the lung function.

Keywords: Acute lung injury, Cardiopulmonary bypass Cytokines, Methyl, prednisolone, NF, к,B

چکیده: 3-methyl-1-(4-sulfobuthyl)-1-H-imidazol-3ium hydrogen sulfate، as a dual acidic ionic liquid (DAIL)، was found to be an efficient catalyst for the simple، rapid and green synthesis of substituted trisphenols from the condensation of different substituted phenols and 2،6-bis (methylol) phenols (BMP). DAIL catalyst efficiently promoted the reaction between phenols and BMPs with a variety of functionalities. Use of a non-corrosive and reusable catalyst، high yields of the products، short reaction times and solvent-free conditions are as worthwhile advantages of the present method.

Keywords: 3, methyl, 1, (4, sulfobutyl), 1, H, imidazol, 3ium hydrogensulfate; Trisphenol; 2; 6, Bis(methylol)phenol; Dual acidic ionic liquid; Solvent, free

چکیده: Cellulose sulfuric acid was used as an efficient biopolymer-based catalyst for the synthesis of tetrahydropyrimido[4،5-b]quinoline-2،4،6-triones and hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[5،4-b]quinoline-6-ones via three component reaction of aldehyde، 5،5-dimethyl-1،3-cyclohexadione and 6-amino-1،3-dimethyluracil or 5-amino-3-methyl-1-phenypyrazole under solvent-free conditions at 90 oC. The major advantages of the present method are simple experimentation، use of inexpensive and eco-friendly reusable catalyst with good yields and short reaction times.

Keywords: 6, Amino, 1,3, dimethyluracil; 5, Amino, 3, methyl, 1, phenypyrazole; Solvent, free; Cellulose sulfuric acid

چکیده: Objective(s: The central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) is a forebrain structure which is important in regulation of ingestive behavior and there is direct and circumstantial evidence to indicate that some circuits involved with feeding behavior include glutamatergic elements. The present study examined whether administration of NMA (N-Methyl-DL-aspartic acid) or MK801 into the CeA altered water intake under deprivation.
Materials and Method: Animals were deprived for 24 hr before tested for water intake. NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) glutamatergic receptor agonist، NMA and its antagonist، MK801 were infused bilaterally، and water intake measured for 1 hr thereafter.
Results: The intra-CeA injection of NMDA glutamatergic agonist، NMA (0.25، 0.5 and 0.75 µg/rat) increased water intake (P<0.05). however،="" administration="" of="" nmda="" glutamatergic="" antagonist،="" mk801="" (0.25،="" 0.5="" and="" 1="" µg/rat)="" decreased="" water="" intake="" significantly=""><0.05).>
Conclusion: These data suggest that NMDA receptors in the CeA are responsible for the glutamatergic modulation of water intake in this nucleus.

Keywords: Central amygdala, N، methyl، D، aspartate, Water intake