in english by Juliette Rennes
By what process does a legal distinction that was previously accepted (whether based on sex, sexu... more By what process does a legal distinction that was previously accepted (whether based on sex, sexual orientation, nationality, age, or marital status) become publicly perceived as discriminatory? This question can be understood both as a research question (within the sociology of social movements or the historiography of struggles for equality) and as a question of political tactics (where it concerns the appropriate strategies for demonstrating the illegitimacy of a particular legal distinction). This paper examines the link between two points of view on the crisis affecting the justification of legal distinctions: that of sociological and historical investigation, and that of political action. By examining the historical narratives by which certain legal categories came to be contested, this paper analyzes the political chal- lenges posed by this history, focusing particularly on comparisons between contemporary demands for equality and prior demands that have now become legitimate.
While the French feminist movements campaigning to obtain the right to vote between the 1870s and... more While the French feminist movements campaigning to obtain the right to vote between the 1870s and the 1930s are well known, the struggles for women's access to higher education and professional work have not yet been studied in depth. Although the French Third Republic (1871–1940) claimed to adhere to the principles of equality, meritocracy and the ‘free competition of talents’, which translated concretely into the creation of a system of scholarships, competitions and professional degrees which provided access to many of the professional careers, these doors remained largely closed to the first women attempting to enter them. The controversies that this situation provoked are the subject of this article, which draws from professional, parliamentary, press and activist sources. More broadly, through examining this particular series of controversies, the article aims to give an account of the mechanisms and arguments that are generally used to make such discriminations publicly acceptable within institutional spaces that are formally governed by the principle of equal access.
по-русский by Juliette Rennes
Gender Relations at the Intersection of Race, Class, and Age: Gender Studies and Debates in Franc... more Gender Relations at the Intersection of Race, Class, and Age: Gender Studies and Debates in France in the First Decade of the Twenty-first Century: This article examines polemics and political debates pertaining to questions of gender in France in the first decade of the twenty-first century. While by no means an exhaustive overview, it offers a critical introduction to the topic, grounded in an approach that considers gender in connection with other social variables. The article focuses on two main ideas that have been foundational for sociologists and activists since the 1970s in their attempts to create an integrated perspective on various power relations and dynamics of discrimination connected with gender, sexual orientation, ethnic origins, skin color, and social status. The author presents a range of fundamental differences in relevant feminist debates on the subject of combatting discrimination on the basis of race and gender among activists, political institutions, and mass media outlets. The question of whether these forms of social and political struggles are connected or exist in opposition to each other is explored. The paper concludes with reflections on the growing necessity to include issues of age and ageism as categories of analysis and subjects of political discussion. The author argues that attention to age as a significant sociological variable will enrich our understanding of the structures of gender and race-related forms of discrimination in France today. In Russian.
en français by Juliette Rennes
Version française de ''The French Republic and Women’s Access to Professional Work: Issues and Co... more Version française de ''The French Republic and Women’s Access to Professional Work: Issues and Controversies in France from the 1870s to the 1930s’' paru dans Gender & History, Vol.23 n°2 August 2011, pp. 341–366.
thèse de doctorat by Juliette Rennes
recensions by Juliette Rennes
entretiens by Juliette Rennes
Articles d'intervention & diffusion by Juliette Rennes
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in english by Juliette Rennes
по-русский by Juliette Rennes
en français by Juliette Rennes
thèse de doctorat by Juliette Rennes
recensions by Juliette Rennes
entretiens by Juliette Rennes
Articles d'intervention & diffusion by Juliette Rennes