Arab Saudi

"KSA" redirects here. For other uses, see KSA (disambiguation).

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ٱلْمَمْلَكَة ٱلْعَرَبِيَّة ٱلسُّعُودِيَّة (Arabic) al-Mamlaka al-ʿArabiyya as-Suʿūdiyya
Flag Emblem
Motto: لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا ٱللَّٰه، مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُوْلُ ٱللَّٰه‎ Lā ilāha illa llāh, Muḥammadun rasūlu llāh "There is no god but God, Muhammad is the Messenger of God" (shahada)
Anthem: ٱلنَّشِيْد ٱلْوَطَنِي ٱلسُّعُوْدِي‎ "an-Našīd al-Waṭanīy as-Saʿūdī" "Chant of the Saudi Nation"
Capital and largest city	Riyadh 24°39′N 46°46′E
Official languages	Arabic
Ethnic groups (2014)	90% Arab 10% Afro-Arab (for Saudi citizens only)
Ugama (2010)	93.0% Islam 85–90% Sunni (official) 10–15% Shia 4.4% Christianity 1.1% Hinduism 0.7% unaffiliated 0.3% Buddhism
Demonym(s)	Saudi Saudi Arabian
Government	Unitary Islamic absolute monarchy
• King	Salman
• Crown Prince and Prime Minister	Mohammed bin Salman
Legislature	none
Establishment
• Emirate of Diriyah	1727
• Emirate of Nejd	1824
• Emirate of Riyadh	13 Milatok 1902
• Unification	23 Manom 1932
• Admitted to the United Nations	24 Gumas 1945
• Current constitution	31 Milatok 1992
Area
• Total	2,149,690 km2 (830,000 sq mi) (12th)
• Water (%)	0.0
Population
• 2022 census	32,175,224 (46th)
• Density	15/km2 (38.8/sq mi) (174th)
GDP (PPP)	2024 estimate
• Total	$2.354 trillion (17th)
• Per capita	$70,333 (15th)
GDP (nominal)	2024 estimate
• Total	$1.106 trillion (19th)
• Per capita	$33,040 (34th)
Gini (2013)	45.9 medium
HDI (2022)	0.875 very high · 40th
Currency	Saudi riyal (SR) (SAR)
Time zone	UTC+3 (AST)
Date format	dd/mm/yyyy (AH)
Driving side	wanan
Calling code	+966
Internet TLD	.sa السعودية.

Arab Saudi, ointutunan sabaagi Porinta Arab Saudi (KSA), nopo nga pogun id Asia Kotonobon om Timur Tengah. Ii nopo nga papahangkum soboogian tagayo Semenanjung Arab om kiginayo 2,150,000 km² (830,000 sq mi), poposiliu dii pogun kolimo bobos agayo id Asia om bobos agayo id Timur Tengah. Miwolit ii miampai Rahat Taragang ponong id kotonobon; Jordan, Iraq, om Kuwait ponong koibutan; Teluk Parsi, Bahrain, Qatar om Emiriah Arab Miiso ponong kosilahon; Oman ponong id kabaatan kosilahon; om Yaman ponong id kabaatan. Teluk Aqaba id koibutan kotonobon popitongkiad do Arab Saudi mantad Mesir om Israel. Arab Saudi nopo nga pogun tontoisoon miampai garis kotogisan poingompus Rahat Taragang om Teluk Parsi, om kogumuan nopo bontuk muka bumi nga mantad gana togis otuu, tanah osiriba, stepa om konuluhon. Ibu negara om kakadayan tagayo nopo nga Riyadh; kakadayan oponsol di suai kohompit no Jeddah om duo kuta bobos obitua id suang do Silam, Mekah om Madinah. Miampai populasi kiikiro 32.2 riong, Arab Saudi nopo nga pogun kaapat di bobos ogumu mogigion id pomogunan Arab.

Bibliografi

• Abir, Mordechai (1987). Saudi Arabia in the oil era: regime and elites : conflict and collaboration. Croom Helm. ISBN 978-0-7099-5129-2.
• Abir, Mordechai (1993). Saudi Arabia: Government, Society, and the Persian Gulf Crisis. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-09325-5.
• Mordechai, Abir (2019). Saudi Arabia In The Oil Era: Regime And Elites; Conflict And Collaboration. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-00-031069-6.
• Al-Rasheed, Madawi (2010). A History of Saudi Arabia. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-74754-7.
• Bowen, Wayne H. (2007). The History of Saudi Arabia. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-34012-3.
• Hegghammer, Thomas (2010). Jihad in Saudi Arabia: Violence and Pan-Islamism Since 1979. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-73236-9.
• House, Karen Elliott (2012). On Saudi Arabia: Its People, Past, Religion, Fault Lines—and Future. Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-307-27216-4.
• Long, David E. (2005). Culture and Customs of Saudi Arabia. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 978-0-313-32021-7.
• Malbouisson, Cofie D. (2007). Focus on Islamic issues. Nova Publishers. ISBN 978-1-60021-204-8.
• Otto, Jan Michiel (2010). Sharia Incorporated: A Comparative Overview of the Legal Systems of Twelve Muslim Countries in Past and Present. ISBN 978-90-8728-057-4.
• Tausch, Arno; Heshmati, Almas; Karoui, Hichem (2015). The political algebra of global value change. General models and implications for the Muslim world (1st ed.). New York: Nova Science. ISBN 978-1-62948-899-8. Available at: [1]
• Tausch, Arno (2021). The Future of the Gulf Region: Value Change and Global Cycles. Gulf Studies, Volume 2, edited by Prof. Mizanur Rahman, Qatar University (1st ed.). Cham, Switzerland: Springer. ISBN 978-3-030-78298-6., especially Chapter 8: Saudi Arabia—Religion, Gender, and the Desire for Democracy. In: The Future of the Gulf Region. Gulf Studies, vol 2. Springer, Cham. The Future of the Gulf Region: Value Change and Global Cycles
• Tripp, Harvey; North, Peter (2009). CultureShock! A Survival Guide to Customs and Etiquette. Saudi Arabia (3rd ed.). Marshall Cavendish.
• Tripp, Harvey; North, Peter (2003). Culture Shock, Saudi Arabia. A Guide to Customs and Etiquette. Singapore; Portland, Oregon: Times Media Private Limited.

Noputan labus

• Saudi Arabia. Archived 30 Manom 2021 at the Wayback Machine official government website.
• Saudi Arabia. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency.
• Arab Saudi at Curlie
• Saudi Arabia profile from the BBC News
• Wikimedia Atlas of Saudi Arabia
• Arab Saudi web resources provided by GovPubs at the University of Colorado Boulder Libraries
• Key Development Forecasts for Saudi Arabia from International Futures