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• The ability of two spectra to detect wheat powdery mildew (WPM) was compared.
• The performance of multi-feature detection WPM was compared.
• A three-band texture index could detect WPM in advance compared to other features.
• WPM ...

Remote sensing based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is a non-destructive way for wheat powdery mildew (WPM) detection in the field management and crop protection. However, WPM causes complex symptoms and impacts on wheat plants, such as ...

• Combination of vegetation indices, morphological characteristics and ecological factors improves the accuracy of leaf area index estimation.
• Texture information and ecological factors exhibit a close relationship with vegetation ...

Leaf area index (LAI) is an important phenotypic trait closely related to photosynthesis, respiration, and water utilization. In recent years, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) multispectral capabilities enable the acquisition of spectral ...

Considering programs as data enables powerful meta-programming. One example is Lisp's macro system, which gives rise to powerful transformations of programs and allows easy implementation of domain-specific languages. Formal specifications, however, ...

The ecosystem modelling complex ‘Ecopath with Ecosim’ has been implemented extensively in the field of marine science; however, despite its widespread application, descriptions of its functionality remain arcane in the literature. This ...

• We assess the prediction precision of Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) software.
• We ...

• The effectiveness of a wide range of classical and ensemble machine learning techniques in predicting cardiac arrest were evaluated through a systematic ...

Sepsis-associated cardiac arrest is a common issue with the low survival rate. Early prediction of cardiac arrest can provide the time required for intervening and preventing its onset in order to reduce ...

In the context of the qualitative theory of realization of infinite-dimensional dynamic systems, the authors demonstrate some results related to investigation of the geometrical properties of families of continuous controlled dynamic processes ("input---...

Since state-rich formalism [Figure not available: see fulltext.] is a combination of Z, CSP, refinement calculus and Dijkstra's guarded commands, its model checking is intrinsically more complicated and difficult than that of individual state-based ...

We analyze the algebraic extensions of a countable family of nonlinear dynamic control processes having differential realization in the class of quasi-linear ordinary differential equations (with software-positional control and without it) in a ...

Refactoring is an important software development process involving the restructuring of a model to improve its internal qualities without changing its external behavior. In this paper, we propose a new approach of model refactoring based on the combined ...

We describe a novel framework for modelling railway interlockings which has been developed in conjunction with railway engineers. The modelling language used is CSP $$||$$ | | B. Beyond the modelling we present a variety of abstraction techniques which make the ...

Formal methods are mathematical techniques, which allowa software developer to develop a computer system that ismore complete, consistent and unambiguous. They provide a mathematical structure within which, a systematic manner is used to specify, ...

In this work, we present a translation from B machines to JML specifications. Our work allows developers to use different formal methods techniques and tools at different software development phases. A developer can use B's strong support for model ...

Reconfigurable computing is a promising technique for real time computing-intensive embedded applications. In this paper, we propose a novel hardware task model and an optimal 2D surface partitioning strategy for managing a partially run time ...

This paper explores the possibility to incorporate validation in the stepwise development process of formal specifications. Formal methods based on refinement break the intractable proof of the correctness of implementation into a sequence of many ...

Combination of formal and semi-formal methods is more and more required to produce specifications that can be, on the one hand, understood and thus validated by both designers and users and, on the other hand, precise enough to be verified by formal ...

This paper presents a migration approach from a class of hierarchical B models to CSP. The B models follow a so-called polling pattern, suitable for reactive systems, and are automatically translated into a set of communicating CSP processes with the ...

Verification and validation of access-control policies for information systems is a difficult yet necessary task. In order to take advantage of the formal properties and tools of the B method, we introduce in this paper a metamodel of the B modeling of ...

Symmetry reduction is a model checking technique that can help alleviate the problem of state space explosion, by preventing redundant state space exploration. In previous work, we have developed three effective approaches to symmetry reduction for B ...

The state feedback decoupling problem with stability for general proper systems described by $(A,B,C,D)$ quadruples has been studied for a long time. But, it is still an open problem in the sense that there is still a lack of numerically verifiable ...

Model driven development is an approach that using modeling languages such as UML or BON to establish requirement models for the complementary of software specification, as well as for further implementation. How ever, a model of a complex systems is ...