article

Linear light source reflectometry

Authors:

Andrew Gardner,

Paul DebevecAuthors Info & Claims

ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), Volume 22, Issue 3

Pages 749 - 758

https://doi.org/10.1145/882262.882342

Published: 01 July 2003 Publication History

Abstract

This paper presents a technique for estimating the spatially-varying reflectance properties of a surface based on its appearance during a single pass of a linear light source. By using a linear light rather than a point light source as the illuminant, we are able to reliably observe and estimate the diffuse color, specular color, and specular roughness of each point of the surface. The reflectometry apparatus we use is simple and inexpensive to build, requiring a single direction of motion for the light source and a fixed camera viewpoint. Our model fitting technique first renders a reflectance table of how diffuse and specular reflectance lobes would appear under moving linear light source illumination. Then, for each pixel we compare its series of intensity values to the tabulated reflectance lobes to determine which reflectance model parameters most closely produce the observed reflectance values. Using two passes of the linear light source at different angles, we can also estimate per-pixel surface normals as well as the reflectance parameters. Additionally our system records a per-pixel height map for the object and estimates its per-pixel translucency. We produce real-time renderings of the captured objects using a custom hardware shading algorithm. We apply the technique to a test object exhibiting a variety of materials as well as to an illuminated manuscript with gold lettering. To demonstrate the technique's accuracy, we compare renderings of the captured models to real photographs of the original objects.

Supplementary Material

MP4 File (gardner_linearlight.mp4)

Download
32.34 MB

References

[1]

BORGES, C. F. 1991. Trichromatic approximation for computer graphics illumination models. In Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 91), vol. 25, 101--104.

Digital Library

[2]

CHUANG, Y.-Y., ZONGKER, D. E., HINDORFF, J., CURLESS, B., SALESIN, D. H., AND SZELISKI, R. 2000. Environment matting extensions: Towards higher accuracy and real-time capture. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2000, 121--130.

Digital Library

[3]

COOK, R. L., AND TORRANCE, K. E. 1981. A reflectance model for computer graphics. Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 81) 15, 3 (August), 307--316.

Digital Library

[4]

CURLESS, B., AND LEVOY, M. 1996. Better optical triangulation through spacetime analysis. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 95, International Conference on Computer Vision, 987--994.

Digital Library

[5]

DANA, K. J., GINNEKEN, B., NAYAR, S. K., AND KOENDERINK, J. J. 1997. Reflectance and texture of real-world surfaces. In Proc. IEEE Conf. on Comp. Vision and Patt. Recog., 151--157.

Digital Library

[6]

DEBEVEC, P. E., AND MALIK, J. 1997. Recovering high dynamic range radiance maps from photographs. In SIGGRAPH 97, 369--378.

Digital Library

[7]

DEBEVEC, P. E., TAYLOR, C. J., AND MALIK, J. 1996. Modeling and rendering architecture from photographs: A hybrid geometry- and image-based approach. In SIGGRAPH 96, 11--20.

Digital Library

[8]

DEBEVEC, P., HAWKINS, T., TCHOU, C., DUIKER, H.-P., SAROKIN, W., AND SAGAR, M. 2000. Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2000 (July), 145--156.

Digital Library

[9]

GAT, N. 1998. Real-time multi- and hyper-spectral imaging for remote sensing and machine vision: an overview. In Proc. 1998 ASAE Annual International Mtg.

[10]

HALSTEAD, M., BARSKY, B. A., KLEIN, S., AND MANDELL, R. 1996. Reconstructing curved surfaces from specular reflection patterns using spline surface fitting of normals. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 96, Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, 335--342.

Digital Library

[11]

HANRAHAN, P., AND KRUEGER, W. 1993. Reflection from layered surfaces due to subsurface scattering. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 93 (August), 165--174.

Digital Library

[12]

JENSEN, H. W., MARSCHNER, S. R., LEVOY, M., AND HANRAHAN, P. 2001. A practical model for subsurface light transport. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2001, ACM Press / ACM SIGGRAPH, Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, 511--518. ISBN 1-58113-292-1.

Digital Library

[13]

LAFORTUNE, E. P. F., FOO, S.-C., TORRANCE, K. E., AND GREENBERG, D. P. 1997. Non-linear approximation of reflectance functions. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 97, 117--126.

Digital Library

[14]

LARSON, G. J. W. 1992. Measuring and modeling anisotropic reflection. In Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 92), vol. 26, 265--272.

Digital Library

[15]

LENSCH, H. P. A., KAUTZ, J., GOESELE, M., HEIDRICH, W., AND SEIDEL, H.-P. 2001. Image-based reconstruction of spatially varying materials. In Rendering Techniques 2001: 12th Eurographics Workshop on Rendering, 103--114.

Digital Library

[16]

LEVOY, M., PULLI, K., CURLESS, B., RUSINKIEWICZ, S., KOLLER, D., PEREIRA, L., GINZTON, M., ANDERSON, S., DAVIS, J., GINSBERG, J., SHADE, J., AND FULK, D. 2000. The digital michelangelo project: 3d scanning of large statues. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2000 (July), 131--144.

Digital Library

[17]

MALZBENDER, T., GELB, D., AND WOLTERS, H. 2001. Polynomial texture maps. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2001 (August), 519--528.

Digital Library

[18]

MARSCHNER, S. R., WESTIN, S. H., LAFORTUNE, E. P. F., TORRANCE, K. E., AND GREENBERG, D. P. 1999. Image-based BRDF measurement including human skin. Eurographics Rendering Workshop 1999 (June).

Digital Library

[19]

MARSCHNER, S. 1998. Inverse Rendering for Computer Graphics. PhD thesis, Cornell University.

Digital Library

[20]

MCALLISTER, D. K. 2002. A Generalized Surface Appearance Representation for Computer Graphics. PhD thesis, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Digital Library

[21]

NAYAR, S. K., IKEUCHI, K., AND KANADE, T. 1994. Determining shape and reflectance of hybrid surfaces by photometric sampling. IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation 6, 4 (August), 418--431.

[22]

NICODEMUS, F. E., RICHMOND, J. C., HSIA, J. J., GINSBERG, I. W., AND LIMPERIS, T. 1977. Geometric considerations and nomenclature for reflectance. National Bureau of Standards Monograph 160 (October).

[23]

NISHITA, T., OKAMURA, I., AND NAKAMAE, E. 1985. Shading models for point and linear sources. ACM Transactions on Graphics 4, 2 (April), 124--146.

Digital Library

[24]

OREN, M., AND NAYAR, S. K. 1994. Generalization of Lambert's reflectance model. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 94 (July), 239--246.

Digital Library

[25]

POULIN, P., AND AMANATIDES, J. 1991. Shading and shadowing with linear light sources. Computers & Graphics 15, 2, 259--265.

[26]

POULIN, P., AND FOURNIER, A. 1990. A model for anisotropic reflection. In Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 90), vol. 24, 273--282.

Digital Library

[27]

RAMAMOORTHI, R., AND HANRAHAN, P. 2001. A signal-processing framework for inverse rendering. In Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 2001, ACM Press / ACM SIGGRAPH, Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, 117--128. ISBN 1-58113-292-1.

Digital Library

[28]

RUSHMEIER, H., BERNARDINI, F., MITTLEMAN, J., AND TAUBIN, G. 1998. Acquiring input for rendering at appropriate levels of detail: Digitizing a pietà. Eurographics Rendering Workshop 1998 (June), 81--92.

[29]

SATO, Y., WHEELER, M. D., AND IKEUCHI, K. 1997. Object shape and reflectance modeling from observation. In SIGGRAPH 97, 379--387.

Digital Library

[30]

TORRANCE, K. E., AND SPARROW, E. M. 1967. Theory for off-specular reflection from roughened surfaces. Journal of Optical Society of America 57, 9.

[31]

WARD, G. J. 1992. Measuring and modeling anisotropic reflection. In SIGGRAPH 92, 265--272.

Digital Library

[32]

YU, Y., DEBEVEC, P., MALIK, J., AND HAWKINS, T. 1999. Inverse global illumination: Recovering reflectance models of real scenes from photographs. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 99 (August), 215--224.

Digital Library

[33]

ZONGKER, D. E., WERNER, D. M., CURLESS, B., AND SALESIN, D. H. 1999. Environment matting and compositing. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 99 (August), 205--214.

Digital Library

Cited By

Wang ZLi PZhang QZhu LTian W(2025)A LiDAR-depth camera information fusion method for human robot collaboration environmentInformation Fusion10.1016/j.inffus.2024.102717114(102717)Online publication date: Feb-2025
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2024.102717
Lin SShi ZLiu Y(2024)Fast and Globally Consistent Normal Orientation based on the Winding Number Normal ConsistencyACM Transactions on Graphics10.1145/368789543:6(1-19)Online publication date: 19-Dec-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3687895
Kavoosighafi BHajisharif SMiandji EBaravdish GCao WUnger J(2024)Deep SVBRDF Acquisition and Modelling: A SurveyComputer Graphics Forum10.1111/cgf.1519943:6Online publication date: 16-Sep-2024
https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.15199
Show More Cited By

Recommendations

Linear light source reflectometry
SIGGRAPH '03: ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers

This paper presents a technique for estimating the spatially-varying reflectance properties of a surface based on its appearance during a single pass of a linear light source. By using a linear light rather than a point light source as the illuminant, ...
Light source estimation of outdoor scenes for mixed reality

Illumination consistency is important for photorealistic rendering of mixed reality. However, it is usually difficult to acquire illumination conditions of natural environments. In this paper, we propose a novel method for evaluating the light ...
Circularly polarized spherical illumination reflectometry

We present a novel method for surface reflectometry from a few observations of a scene under a single uniform spherical field of circularly polarized illumination. The method is based on a novel analysis of the Stokes reflectance field of circularly ...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Transactions on Graphics

ACM Transactions on Graphics Volume 22, Issue 3

July 2003

683 pages

ISSN:0730-0301

EISSN:1557-7368

DOI:10.1145/882262

Issue’s Table of Contents

Copyright © 2003 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 01 July 2003

Published in TOG Volume 22, Issue 3

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Qualifiers

Article

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

136
Total Citations
View Citations
1,604
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)55
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)7

Reflects downloads up to 01 Jan 2025

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Wang ZLi PZhang QZhu LTian W(2025)A LiDAR-depth camera information fusion method for human robot collaboration environmentInformation Fusion10.1016/j.inffus.2024.102717114(102717)Online publication date: Feb-2025
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2024.102717
Lin SShi ZLiu Y(2024)Fast and Globally Consistent Normal Orientation based on the Winding Number Normal ConsistencyACM Transactions on Graphics10.1145/368789543:6(1-19)Online publication date: 19-Dec-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3687895
Kavoosighafi BHajisharif SMiandji EBaravdish GCao WUnger J(2024)Deep SVBRDF Acquisition and Modelling: A SurveyComputer Graphics Forum10.1111/cgf.1519943:6Online publication date: 16-Sep-2024
https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.15199
Miandji ETongbuasirilai THajisharif SKavoosighafi BUnger J(2024)FROST-BRDF: A Fast and Robust Optimal Sampling Technique for BRDF AcquisitionIEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics10.1109/TVCG.2024.335520030:7(4390-4402)Online publication date: Jul-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2024.3355200
Ma XYu YWu HZhou K(2024)Efficient Reflectance Capture With a Deep Gated Mixture-of-ExpertsIEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics10.1109/TVCG.2023.326187230:7(4246-4256)Online publication date: 1-Jul-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TVCG.2023.3261872
Tetzlaff M(2024)High-Fidelity Specular SVBRDF Acquisition From Flash PhotographsIEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics10.1109/TVCG.2023.323527730:4(1885-1896)Online publication date: 1-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TVCG.2023.3235277
Ma XXu XZhang LZhou KWu H(2023)OpenSVBRDF: A Database of Measured Spatially-Varying ReflectanceACM Transactions on Graphics10.1145/361835842:6(1-14)Online publication date: 5-Dec-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3618358
Seetzen HHeidrich WStuerzlinger WWard GWhitehead LTrentacoste MGhosh AVorozcovs A(2023)High Dynamic Range Display SystemsSeminal Graphics Papers: Pushing the Boundaries, Volume 210.1145/3596711.3596717(39-47)Online publication date: 2-Aug-2023
https://doi.org/10.1145/3596711.3596717
Li BShi LMatusik W(2023)End-to-end Procedural Material Capture with Proxy-Free Mixed-Integer OptimizationACM Transactions on Graphics10.1145/359213242:4(1-15)Online publication date: 26-Jul-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3592132
Kang KGu MXie CYang XWu HZhou K(2023)Neural Reflectance Capture in the View-Illumination DomainIEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics10.1109/TVCG.2021.311737029:2(1450-1462)Online publication date: 1-Feb-2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2021.3117370
Show More Cited By

View Options

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Article

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Issue’s Table of Contents