skip to main content
article
Free access

Distributed form management

Published: 03 January 1990 Publication History

Abstract

An open architecture for distributed form management is described. The model employs object-orientation in describing organizational units as well as individual users as entities with uniform external interfaces. Each entity is represented by an autonomous user agent which operates on local and migrating forms. The form concept encapsulates data, layout, and rules into a unified object which is the basic unit of presentation, processing, storage, and communication. All functionality of the system appears in rules of form classes and all data in instances of these form classes. This approach applies the techniques of computer supported cooperative work to provide a flexible mechanism for interpersonal, intraoffice, and interoffice procedures. The main challenge is to organize the collaboration without affecting the autonomy of individual user agents. In this respect, the contribution of the model is the mechanism for form migration. The dynamic integration of forms into different agents is solved with the coordinated interchange of form classes. A specific inheritance scheme provides the desired flexibility by separating the interrelated private and public form operations within each agent. The paper first describes the architecture by starting from a single agent and moving progressively towards a set of cooperating agents. Then an agent implementation called PAGES is described, experiences reported, and the open issues discussed. A typical distributed ordering procedure is used as an example throughout the text.

References

[1]
CAMPBELL-GRANT, I. Framework for future extensions to ODA. ISO/IEC JTC1/SC 18/WG3 N1165rev, November 1988.
[2]
CCITT: The DirectorymOverview of Concepts, Models and Services, Draft Recommendation X.500 (Version 7), COM VII-198-E, Gloucester, November 1987.
[3]
CONRATH, D., CHARBONNEL, G., ANTONELLIS, V., DUMAS, P., SIMONE, C., AND SORG, S. Office Support Systems Analysis and Design, OSSAD Manual, OSSAD Project, ESPRIT Programme, January 1987.
[4]
DANIELSEN, T., AND PANKOKE-BABATZ, U. The AMIGO activity model, research into networks and distributed applications, in Proceedings of EUTECO '88, R. Speth, Ed., COST llter Action, North-Holland, 1988.
[5]
DIMUN: Distributed International Manufacturing Using Existing and Developing Public Networks, State-of-the-art report, RACE-R1039 Project, Commission of the European Communities, DGXIII-F Telecommunications, Information Industries and Innovation, Brussels, 1988.
[6]
GOODMAN, D. The Complete HyperCard Handbook, Bantam Books, New York, 1987.
[7]
GORLEN, K.E. Object-Oriented Program Support. Reference Manual, Computer Systems Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md., May 1986.
[8]
GRAY, J. An approach to decentralized computer systems. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. SE-12, 6 (June 1986), 684-692.
[9]
H$.MM~INEN, H., ALASUVANTO, J., AND ARPPE, H. Service interface approach in distributed loosely coupled information systems. IFIP WG 8.4. In Proceedings of the Working Conference on Office Information Systems: The Design Process (Linz, Austria, Aug. 15-17, 1988).
[10]
HAMMJ~INEN, H., AND ELORANTA, E. Object-oriented data communication for loosely coupled control. Comput. ind. 9, 4 (Dec. 1987), 319-328.
[11]
HEWlTT, C. Offices are open systems. ACM Trans. Office Inf. Syst. 4, 3 (July 1986), 271-287.
[12]
HOGG, J. Intelligent Mail System, Office Automation--Concepts and Tools, D. Tsichritzis, Ed., Springer-Verlag, 1985.
[13]
InterViews Reference Manual, Version 2.6. Computer Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, December 1989.
[14]
ISO: Electronic data interchange for administration, commerce and trade (EDIFACT)~Application level syntax rules, ISO/DIS 9735, 1987.
[15]
ISO/DIS 8613: Information Processing--Text and office systems--Office Document Architecture (ODA) and interchange format, ISO, 1986.
[16]
KAYE, A., AND KARAM, G. Cooperating knowledge-based assistants for the office. ACM Trans. Office Inf. Syst. 5, 4 (Oct. 1987), 297-326.
[17]
KOSKINEN, E., KOPONEN, S., LINDQUIST, E., AND PENTTALA, P. HyperInfo Specifications. Student project, Dept. of Computer Science, Helsinki University of Technology, 1989 (in Finnish).
[18]
LAI, K., MALONE, T., AND YU, K. Object lens: A "spreadsheet" for cooperative work. ACM Trans. Office Inf. Syst. 6, 4 (Oct. 1988), 332-353.
[19]
LINDHOLM, P., NIKANDER, P., JUSSILA, P., AND KIRJAVAINEN, A. PAGES SmaUtalk-80 System Manual. Student project, Dept. of Computer Science, Helsinki University of Technology, 1988 (in Finnish).
[20]
MALONE, T., GRANT, K., LAI, K., RAO, R., AND ROSENBLITT, D. Semistructured messages are surprisingly useful for computer-supported coordination. ACM Trans. Office In}:. Syst. 5, 2 (April 1987), 115-131.
[21]
MEYROWITZ, N. Intermedia: The architecture and construction of an object-oriented hypermedia system and applications framework. In Proceedings of OOPSLA '86 (Portland, Ore., Sept.) 1986.
[22]
Network extensible Window System (NEWS), Manual, Sun Microsystems Inc., 1988.
[23]
PAGES User's Manual, Department of Computer Science, Helsinki University of Technology, December 1989.
[24]
RACE: R & D in Advanced Communications in Europe, RACE '89, Commission of the European Communities, OTR 202, March 1989.
[25]
RODDEN, T., SAWYER, P., AND SOMMERVILLE, I. Interacting with an active, integrated environment. In Proceedings of A CM SIGSOFT/SIGPLAN Software Engineering Symposium on Practical Software Development Environments (Boston, Mass., Nov. 28-30, 1988), pp. 76-84.
[26]
SHAPIRO, M. The design of a distributed object-oriented operating system for office applications. In Proceedings of the 5th Annual ESPRIT Conference (Brussels, Nov. 14-17, 1988).
[27]
STEFIK, M., BOBROW, G., FOSTER, G., LANNING, S., AND TATAR, D. WYSIWIS Revised: Early experiences with multiuser interfaces. ACM Trans. Office Inf. Syst. 2, 2 (Apr. 1987), 147-167.
[28]
STROUSTRUP, B. The C++ Programming Language. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass., 1986.
[29]
TAGG, R. M. Extended modelling concepts for end-user oriented information systems. IFIP WG 8.4. In Proceedings of Office Systems: Methods and Tools. G. Bracchi and D. Tsichritzis, Eds., North-Holland, 1987.
[30]
TSICHRITZIS, D. Form management. Commun. ACM 25, 7 (July 1982), 453-478.
[31]
TSICHRITZIS, D., FIUME, E., GIBBS, S., AND NIERSTRASZ, O. KNOs: Knowledge acquisition, dissemination and manipulation objects. In Objects and Things, report by Centre Universitaire d'Informatique, Universite de Geneve, 1987.
[32]
X Window System Protocol, version 11, Manual, Project Athena, MIT, January 1987.
[33]
ZISMAN, M. Representation, specification and automation of office procedures. Ph.D. dissertation, Business Administration, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1977.

Cited By

View all

Recommendations

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Transactions on Information Systems
ACM Transactions on Information Systems  Volume 8, Issue 1
Jan. 1990
76 pages
ISSN:1046-8188
EISSN:1558-2868
DOI:10.1145/78915
Issue’s Table of Contents

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 03 January 1990
Published in TOIS Volume 8, Issue 1

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Check for updates

Qualifiers

  • Article

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)61
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)6
Reflects downloads up to 25 Dec 2024

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all

View Options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Login options

Full Access

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media