skip to main content
research-article

Individual and Collaborative Behaviors of Rideshare Drivers in Protecting their Safety

Published: 07 November 2019 Publication History

Abstract

The safety of passengers of rideshare apps has received attention from researchers, yet there is a lack of research on safety of rideshare drivers in the context of CSCW and HCI. As drivers are also an important user in the ecosystem of the ridesharing systems, we conducted interviews with drivers in the U.S. to understand how they, individually and collaboratively, address safety related issues they face conducting their job. We identified the factors that contributed to drivers' feelings of safety and the strategies they engaged in to protect themselves. We found that drivers relied on methods that were technical, social, and physical, to ensure their safety and engaged in informal collaborative and communicative activities with other drivers inside and outside of the ridesharing system. We discuss implications for future design for ridesharing apps and other location-based computer-supported collaborative systems that have potential safety hazards.

References

[1]
Syed Ishtiaque Ahmed, Nicola J. Bidwell, Himanshu Zade, Srihari H. Muralidhar, Anupama Dhareshwar, Baneen Karachiwala, Cedrick N. Tandong, and Jacki O'Neill. 2016. Peer-to-peer in the Workplace. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI '16, 5063--5075. https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858393
[2]
Chalik & Chalik. 2018. Study: Top Fears of Rideshare Passengers in the U.S. CHALIK & CHALIK Injury Lawyers. Retrieved April 25, 2018 from https://www.chaliklaw.com/blog/top-rideshare-fears/
[3]
Benish Chaudhry, Ansar-Ul-Haque Yasar, Samar El-Amine, and Elhadi Shakshuki. 2018. Passenger Safety in Ride-Sharing Services. Procedia Computer Science 130: 1044--1050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2018.04.146
[4]
Denise Cheng. 2014. Is sharing really caring? A nuanced introduction to the peer economy. POLICY PRIMER: 28. Retrieved June 20, 2018 from http://static.opensocietyfoundations.org/misc/future-of-work/the-sharing-economy.pdf
[5]
Nicola Christie and Heather Ward. 2019. The health and safety risks for people who drive for work in the gig economy. Journal of Transport & Health 13: 115--127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2019.02.007
[6]
James R Dalziel and R F Soames Job. 1997. Taxi Drivers and Road Safety. Retrieved April 3, 2018 from http://www.taxi-library.org/taxi-drivers-and-road-safety.pdf
[7]
Tawanna R. Dillahunt, Vaishnav Kameswaran, Linfeng Li, and Tanya Rosenblat. 2017. Uncovering the Values and Constraints of Real-time Ridesharing for Low-resource Populations. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI '17, 2757--2769. https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025470
[8]
Tawanna R. Dillahunt, Xinyi Wang, Earnest Wheeler, Hao Fei Cheng, Brent Hecht, and Haiyi Zhu. 2017. The Sharing Economy in Computing: A SystematicLiterature Review. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 1, CSCW: 1--26. https://doi.org/10.1145/3134673
[9]
Emily L Dyer. 2016. NEED A RIDE? UBER?: THE TRENDY CHOICE THAT COULD TURN THREATENING. Nevada Law Journal 17, May: 239--273.
[10]
Matthew Feeney. 2015. Is Ridesharing Safe? Retrieved April 2, 2018 from http://mygalaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Cato-Institute-on-Ridesharing.pdf
[11]
Diego Gambetta and Heather Hamill. 2005. Streetwise: How Taxi Drivers Establish Customer's Trustworthiness - Diego Gambetta, Heather Hamill - Google Books. Russell Sage Foundation, New York. Retrieved April 3, 2018 from https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=-umFAwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=taxi+drivers+safety&ots=2xN65547ir&sig=HC9ViuV_ASA7y0wzhe46SSfoCwU#v=onepage&q=taxi drivers safety&f=false
[12]
Mareike Glöss, Moira McGregor, and Barry Brown. 2016. Designing for Labour. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI '16, 1632--1643. https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858476
[13]
Neha Gupta, David Martin, Benjamin V. Hanrahan, and Jacki O'Neill. 2014. Turk-Life in India. In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Supporting Group Work - GROUP '14, 1--11. https://doi.org/10.1145/2660398.2660403
[14]
Barry Hatcher. 2018. The Rideshare Vetting Process: How Uber and Lyft Screen Drivers. Retrieved September 2, 2018 from https://ridesharecentral.com/uber-lyft-background-checks-safety
[15]
John Howard. 2017. Nonstandard work arrangements and worker health and safety. American Journal of Industrial Medicine 60, 1: 1--10. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.22669
[16]
Vaishnav Kameswaran, Lindsey Cameron, and Tawanna R. Dillahunt. 2018. Support for Social and Cultural Capital Development in Real-time Ridesharing Services. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI '18, 1--12. https://doi.org/10.1145/3173574.3173916
[17]
Joseph Kasera, Jacki O'Neill, and Nicola J. Bidwell. 2016. Sociality, tempo & flow: Learning from Namibian ridesharing. In Proceedings of the First African Conference on Human Computer Interaction - AfriCHI'16, 36--47. https://doi.org/10.1145/2998581.2998582
[18]
Heather Kelly. 2016. Uber's never-ending stream of lawsuits. CNN tech. Retrieved September 3, 2018 from https://money.cnn.com/2016/08/11/technology/uber-lawsuits/index.html
[19]
Dara Khosrowshahi. 2018. Getting serious about safety. UBER Newsroom. Retrieved from https://www.uber.com/newsroom/getting-serious-safety/
[20]
T Kneese and A Rosenblat. 2014. Understanding fair labor practices in a networked age. Retrieved September 20, 2018 from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2536619
[21]
Patty Kujawa. 2018. Benefits for Gig Workers? Great Idea, But ??? Workforce 97, 2: 1.
[22]
Neha Kumar, Nassim Jafarinaimi, and Mehrab Bin Morshed. 2018. Uber in Bangladesh: The Tangled Web of Mobility and Justice. In proceedings of CSCW '18.
[23]
Airi Lampinen, Victoria Bellotti, Coye Cheshire, and Mary Gray. 2016. CSCW and theSharing Economy: The Future of Platforms as Sites of Work Collaboration and Trust. In Proceedings of the 19th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing Companion - CSCW '16 Companion, 491--497.
[24]
Airi Lampinen, Victoria Bellotti, Andrés Monroy-Hernández, Coye Cheshire, and Alexandra Samuel. 2015. Studying the "Sharing Economy." In Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference Companion on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing - CSCW'15 Companion, 117--121. https://doi.org/10.1145/2685553.2699339
[25]
Min Kyung Lee, Daniel Kusbit, Evan Metsky, and Laura Dabbish. Working with Machines: The Impact of Algorithmic and Data-Driven Management on Human Workers. https://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702548
[26]
Ning F. Ma, Chien Wen Yuan, Moojan Ghafurian, and Benjamin V. Hanrahan. 2018. Using Stakeholder Theory to Examine Drivers' Stake in Uber. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI '18, 1--12. https://doi.org/10.1145/3173574.3173657
[27]
David Martin, Jacki O'Neill, Neha Gupta, and Benjamin V. Hanrahan. 2016. Turking in a Global Labour Market. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW)25, 1: 39--77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10606-015--9241--6
[28]
Molly Mchugh. 2016. Uber and Lyft Drivers Work Dangerous Jobs-But They're on Their Own | WIRED. Retrieved February 21, 2018 from https://www.wired.com/2016/03/uber-lyft-can-much-keep-drivers-safe/
[29]
Molly McHugh. 2018. Can Full-Time Uber and Lyft Drivers Make a Livable Wage? - The Ringer. Retrieved June 13, 2019 from https://www.theringer.com/tech/2018/10/17/17989196/uber-lyft-minimum-wage-ridesharing-economy
[30]
Cammie K C Menéndez, Harlan E Amandus, Parisa Damadi, Nan Wu, Srinivas Konda, and Scott A Hendricks. 2013. Effectiveness of Taxicab Security Equipment in Reducing Driver Homicide Rates. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 45, 1: 1--8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2013.02.017
[31]
Johanna Meurer, Martin Stein, David Randall, Markus Rohde, Volker Wulf, Johanna Meurer, Martin Stein, David Randall, Markus Rohde, and Volker Wulf. 2014. Social dependency and mobile autonomy. In Proceedings of the 32nd annual ACM conference on Human factors in computing systems - CHI '14, 1923--1932. https://doi.org/10.1145/2556288.2557300
[32]
Eric Newcomer. 2018. Companies May Need to Rethink Gig Economy After Court Ruling. Bloomberg. Retrieved May 4, 2018 from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-05-04/companies-may-need-to-rethink-gig-economy-after-court-ruling
[33]
Olivia Nuzzi. 2014. Uber's Biggest Problem Isn't Surge Pricing. What If It's Sexual Harassment by Drivers? Retrieved April 21, 2018 from https://www.thedailybeast.com/ubers-biggest-problem-isnt-surge-pricing-what-if-its-sexual-harassment-by-drivers
[34]
Noopur Raval and Paul Dourish. 2016. Standing Out from the Crowd: Emotional Labor, Body Labor, and Temporal Labor in Ridesharing. In Proceedings of the 19th ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing - CSCW '16, 97--107.
[35]
S Richardson and J Windau. 2003. Fatal and nonfatal assaults in the workplace, 1996 to 2000. Clinics in Occupational and Environmental Medicine 3, 4: 673--689. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1526-0046(03)00127--4
[36]
B. Rogers. 2015. The social costs of Uber. U. Chi. L. Rev. Dialogue. Retrieved September 20, 2018 from https://heinonline.org/hol-cgi-bin/get_pdf.cgi?handle=hein.journals/uchidial82§ion=7
[37]
Caitlin Saniga. 2008. Recording device keeps watchful eye on drivers. Waste News 14.
[38]
James Surowiecki. 2015. Gigs With Benefits. New Yorker.
[39]
Elise Taylor. 2017. Isolated with Friends: Online Communities in the Gig Economy. Northeastern Illinois University. Retrieved April 20, 2018 from https://search.proquest.com/openview/49f988ce78b79349e164b33683456f03/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y
[40]
David R Thomas. 2003. A general inductive approach for qualitative data analysis. Retrieved April 22, 2018 from https://cdn.auckland.ac.nz/assets/fmhs/soph/sch/hrmas/docs/Inductive2003.pdf
[41]
Molly Tran and Rosemary K Sokas. 2017. The Gig Economy and Contingent Work: An Occupational Health Assessment. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine 59, 4: e63--e66. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000000977
[42]
Pin-Chieh Wang and Linda Delp. 2014. Health status, job stress and work-related injury among Los Angeles taxi drivers. Work 49, 4: 705--712. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-131696
[43]
Julie Zauzmer and Lori Aratani. 2014. Man visiting D.C. says Uber driver took him on wild ride. Washington post. Retrieved April 21, 2018 from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/dr-gridlock/wp/2014/07/09/man-visiting-d-c-says-uber-driver-took-him-on-wild-ride/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.19556d98a2cc
[44]
Ride Sharing - United States | Statista Market Forecast. Retrieved September 2, 2018 from https://www.statista.com/outlook/368/109/ride-sharing/united-states
[45]
52 Pa. Code § 30.72. Standards for obtaining a taxi driver's certificate.Retrieved September 4, 2018 from https://www.pacode.com/secure/data/052/chapter30/s30.72.html
[46]
CFR 404.1007 - Common-law employee. | US Law | LII / Legal Information Institute. Retrieved April 25, 2018 from https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/20/404.1007
[47]
Sexual Harassment. U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Retrieved September 20, 2018 from https://www.eeoc.gov/laws/types/sexual_harassment.cfm
[48]
Assault Law and Legal Definition. USLegal, Inc.Retrieved September 5, 2018 from https://definitions.uslegal.com/a/assault/ bib id="bib49"49. 2014. Regulating Rideshare without Stifling Innovation: Examining the Drivers, the Insurance Gap, and Why Pennsylvania Should Get on Board. Pittsburgh Journal of Technology Law and Policy. Retrieved May 4, 2018 from http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/pittjtlp15&id=90&collection=journals&index=
[49]
2016. Ex-Taco Bell Exec Sentenced to 60 Days in Jail in Attack on Uber Driver - NBC Southern California. City News Service. Retrieved September 4, 2018 from https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/Ex-Taco-Bell-Exec-Sentenced-Jail-Attack-Uber-Driver-401747476.html
[50]
2018. As Gig Work Becomes More Common, So Does the Fight for Worker Protections. Professional Safety, 14--14.
[51]
2018. DYNAMEX OPERATIONS WEST, INC., Petitioner, v. THE SUPERIOR COURT OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY, Los Angeles County Respondent; CHARLES LEE et al., ) Real Parties in Interest. Retrieved May 4, 2018 from http://www.courts.ca.gov/opinions/documents/S222732.PDF

Cited By

View all

Recommendations

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction
Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction  Volume 3, Issue CSCW
November 2019
5026 pages
EISSN:2573-0142
DOI:10.1145/3371885
Issue’s Table of Contents
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 07 November 2019
Published in PACMHCI Volume 3, Issue CSCW

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Check for updates

Author Tags

  1. collaborative work
  2. crowd work
  3. drivers
  4. gig economy
  5. hci
  6. rideshare
  7. safety

Qualifiers

  • Research-article

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)100
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)2
Reflects downloads up to 06 Jan 2025

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all

View Options

Login options

Full Access

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media