research-article

Safety and Progress for Distributed Cyber-Physical Systems with Unreliable Communication

Authors:

Fardin Abdi Taghi Abad,

Marco CaccamoAuthors Info & Claims

ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS), Volume 14, Issue 4

Article No.: 76, Pages 1 - 22

https://doi.org/10.1145/2739046

Published: 24 September 2015 Publication History

Abstract

Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) may interact and manipulate objects in the physical world, and therefore formal guarantees about their behavior are strongly desired. Static-time proofs of safety invariants, however, may be intractable for systems with distributed physical-world interactions. This is further complicated when realistic communication models are considered, for which there may not be bounds on message delays, or even when considering that messages will eventually reach their destination.

In this work, we address the challenge of proving safety and progress in distributed CPSs communicating over an unreliable communication layer. We show that for this type of communication model, system safety is closely related to the results of a hybrid system’s reachability computation, which can be computed at runtime. However, since computing reachability at runtime may be computationally intensive, we provide an approach that moves significant parts of the computation to design time. This approach is demonstrated with a case study of a simulation of multiple vehicles moving within a shared environment.

References

[1]

Stanley Bak, Fardin Abdi, Zhenqi Huang, and Marco Caccamo. 2013. Using run-time checking to provide safety and progress for distributed cyber-physical systems. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications (RTCSA’13).

[2]

Stanley Bak and Marco Caccamo. 2013. Computing reachability for nonlinear systems with hycreate. In Demo and Poster Session, ACM/IEEE 16th International Conference on Hybrid Systems.

[3]

Stanley Bak, Deepti K. Chivukula, Olugbemiga Adekunle, Mu Sun, Marco Caccamo, and Lui Sha. 2009. The system-level simplex architecture for improved real-time embedded system safety. In Proceedings of the 2009 15th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS’09).

Digital Library

[4]

Stanley Bak, Taylor Johnson, Marco Caccamo, and Lui Sha. 2014. Real-time reachability for verified simplex design. In 2014 IEEE 35th Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS’14).

[5]

Lei Bu, Qixin Wang, Xin Chen, Linzhang Wang, Tian Zhang, Jianhua Zhao, and Xuandong Li. 2011. Toward online hybrid systems model checking of cyber-physical systems’ time-bounded short-run behavior. SIGBED Review 8, 2 (June 2011), 7--10.

Digital Library

[6]

K. Mani Chandy, Sayan Mitra, and Concetta Pilotto. 2008. Convergence verification: From shared memory to partially synchronous systems. In FORMATS. 218--232.

Digital Library

[7]

Xin Chen, Erika Abraham, and Sriram Sankaranarayanan. 2012. Taylor model flowpipe construction for non-linear hybrid systems. In 2012 IEEE 33rd Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS’12). 183--192.

Digital Library

[8]

Tanya L. Crenshaw, Elsa Gunter, C. L. Robinson, Lui Sha, and P. R. Kumar. 2007. The simplex reference model: Limiting fault-propagation due to unreliable components in cyber-physical system architectures. In 2007 IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS’07).

Digital Library

[9]

Goran Frehse. 2005. PHAVer: Algorithmic Verification of Hybrid Systems Past Hytech. Springer, 258--273.

Digital Library

[10]

Goran Frehse, Colas Le Guernic, Alexandre Donzé, Scott Cotton, Rajarshi Ray, Olivier Lebeltel, Rodolfo Ripado, Antoine Girard, Thao Dang, and Oded Maler. 2011. SpaceEx: Scalable verification of hybrid systems. In Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Computer Aided Verification (CAV’11) (LNCS), Shaz Qadeer Ganesh Gopalakrishnan (Ed.). Springer.

Digital Library

[11]

Honeywell. 2012. OneWireless Network - ISA100.11a-Compliant Wireless Mesh Network. Retrieved from https://www.honeywellprocess.com/en-US/explore/products/wireless/OneWireless-Network/pages/default.aspx.

[12]

Dilsun K. Kaynar, Nancy Lynch, Roberto Segala, and Frits Vaandrager. 2006. The Theory of Timed I/O Automata (Synthesis Lectures in Computer Science). Morgan & Claypool Publishers.

Digital Library

[13]

Cheolgi Kim, Mu Sun, Sibin Mohan, Heechul Yun, Lui Sha, and Tarek F. Abdelzaher. 2010. A framework for the safe interoperability of medical devices in the presence of network failures. In Proceedings of the 1st ACM/IEEE International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems (ICCPS’10). ACM, New York, NY, 149--158.

Digital Library

[14]

Sayan Mitra. 2007. A Verification Framework for Hybrid Systems. Ph.D. Dissertation. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Digital Library

[15]

Lui Sha. 2001. Using simplicity to control complexity. IEEE Software 18, 4 (2001), 20--28. http://dx.doi.org/dx.doi.org/10.1109/MS.2001.936213

Digital Library

[16]

Jianping Song, Song Han, Al Mok, Deji Chen, Mike Lucas, Mark Nixon, and Wally Pratt. 2008. WirelessHART: Applying wireless technology in real-time industrial process control. In Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS’08). IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, 377--386.

Digital Library

[17]

John N. Tsitsiklis. 1987. On the stability of asynchronous iterative processes. Theory of Computing Systems 20, 1 (1987), 137--153.

[18]

John Turek and Dennis Shasha. 1992. The many faces of consensus in distributed systems. Computer 25, 6 (June 1992), 8--17.

Digital Library

[19]

Jianguo Yao, Xue Liu, Guchuan Zhu, and Lui Sha. 2012. NetSimplex: Controller fault tolerance architecture in networked control systems. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 99 (2012), 1.

Cited By

Miller KZeitler CShen WHobbs KSchierman JViswanathan MMitra S(2024)Optimal Runtime Assurance via Reinforcement Learning2024 ACM/IEEE 15th International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems (ICCPS)10.1109/ICCPS61052.2024.00013(67-76)Online publication date: 13-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/ICCPS61052.2024.00013
Kochdumper NKrasowski HWang XBak SAlthoff M(2023)Provably Safe Reinforcement Learning via Action Projection Using Reachability Analysis and Polynomial ZonotopesIEEE Open Journal of Control Systems10.1109/OJCSYS.2023.32563052(79-92)Online publication date: 2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCSYS.2023.3256305
Wang FCao ZTan LLi Z(2022)Formal Modeling and Performance Evaluation for Hybrid Systems: A Probabilistic Hybrid Process Algebra-Based ApproachInternational Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering10.1142/S021819402250010332:02(283-315)Online publication date: 25-Apr-2022
https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218194022500103
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Safety and Progress for Distributed Cyber-Physical Systems with Unreliable Communication
1. Computer systems organization
  1. Embedded and cyber-physical systems
  2. Real-time systems

Recommendations

Towards Independent In-Cloud Evolution of Cyber-Physical Systems
CPSNA '14: Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems, Networks, and Applications

The capabilities of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) are increasingly being extended towards new composite services deployed across a range of smart sensing and controlling devices. These services enable the emergence of multiple end-to-end cyber-physical ...
Predicate monitoring in distributed cyber-physical systems
Abstract
This paper solves the problem of detecting violations of predicates over distributed continuous-time and continuous-valued signals in cyber-physical systems (CPS). CPS often operate in a safety-critical context, where their correctness is ...
Real-Time Simulation Support for Runtime Verification of Cyber-Physical Systems
Special Issue on Secure and Fault-Tolerant Embedded Computing and Regular Papers

In Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), cyber and physical components must work seamlessly in tandem. Runtime verification of CPS is essential yet very difficult, due to deployment environments that are expensive, dangerous, or simply impossible to use for ...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems

ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems Volume 14, Issue 4

December 2015

604 pages

ISSN:1539-9087

EISSN:1558-3465

DOI:10.1145/2821757

Editor:
Sandeep K. Shukla
Virginia Tech, USA

Issue’s Table of Contents

Copyright © 2015 Public Domain.

This paper is authored by an employee(s) of the United States Government and is in the public domain. Non-exclusive copying or redistribution is allowed, provided that the article citation is given and the authors and agency are clearly identified as its source.

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Journal Family

ACM Journals for the Design of Smart and Connected Systems

Publication History

Published: 24 September 2015

Accepted: 01 February 2015

Revised: 01 October 2014

Received: 01 May 2014

Published in TECS Volume 14, Issue 4

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article
Research
Refereed

Funding Sources

National Science Foundation

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

8
Total Citations
View Citations
237
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)4
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0

Reflects downloads up to 15 Jan 2025

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Miller KZeitler CShen WHobbs KSchierman JViswanathan MMitra S(2024)Optimal Runtime Assurance via Reinforcement Learning2024 ACM/IEEE 15th International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems (ICCPS)10.1109/ICCPS61052.2024.00013(67-76)Online publication date: 13-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/ICCPS61052.2024.00013
Kochdumper NKrasowski HWang XBak SAlthoff M(2023)Provably Safe Reinforcement Learning via Action Projection Using Reachability Analysis and Polynomial ZonotopesIEEE Open Journal of Control Systems10.1109/OJCSYS.2023.32563052(79-92)Online publication date: 2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCSYS.2023.3256305
Wang FCao ZTan LLi Z(2022)Formal Modeling and Performance Evaluation for Hybrid Systems: A Probabilistic Hybrid Process Algebra-Based ApproachInternational Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering10.1142/S021819402250010332:02(283-315)Online publication date: 25-Apr-2022
https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218194022500103
Limbasiya TDas D(2021)VCom: Secure and Efficient Vehicle-to-Vehicle Message Communication ProtocolIEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management10.1109/TNSM.2020.304252618:2(2365-2376)Online publication date: Jun-2021
https://doi.org/10.1109/TNSM.2020.3042526
Sibai HLi YMitra S(2021): Boosting Scenario Verification Using Symmetry AbstractionsComputer Aided Verification10.1007/978-3-030-81685-8_28(580-594)Online publication date: 20-Jul-2021
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/978-3-030-81685-8_28
Lu Y(2017)Cyber Physical System (CPS)-Based Industry 4.0: A SurveyJournal of Industrial Integration and Management10.1142/S242486221750014202:03(1750014)Online publication date: 30-Nov-2017
https://doi.org/10.1142/S2424862217500142
Apaydın Ozkan H(2016)A Smart Building as a Cyber Pyhsical SystemInternational Journal of Applied Mathematics, Electronics and Computers10.18100/ijamec.270297(200-200)Online publication date: 22-Dec-2016
https://doi.org/10.18100/ijamec.270297
Bak SChaki S(2016)Verifying cyber-physical systems by combining software model checking with hybrid systems reachabilityProceedings of the 13th International Conference on Embedded Software10.1145/2968478.2968490(1-10)Online publication date: 1-Oct-2016
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2968478.2968490

View Options

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Article

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Issue’s Table of Contents