skip to main content
10.1145/2677758.2677780acmotherconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesieConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

A Systematic Review of Cybersickness

Published: 02 December 2014 Publication History

Abstract

The uptake of new interface technologies, such as the Oculus Rift have generated renewed interest in virtual reality especially for private entertainment use. However, long standing issues with unwanted side effects, such as nausea from cybersickness, continue to impact on the general use of devices such as head mounted displays. This in turn has slowed the uptake of more immersive interfaces for computer gaming and indeed more serious applications in training and health. In this paper we report a systematic review in the area of cybersickness with a focus on measuring the diverse symptoms experienced. Indeed the related conditions of simulator sickness and motion sickness have previously been well studied and yet many of the issues are unresolved. Here we report on these issues along with a number of measures, both subjective and objective in nature, using either questionnaires or psychophysiological measures that have been used to study cybersickness. We also report on the factors, individual, device related and task dependent that impact on the condition. We conclude that there remains a need to develop more cost-effective and objective physiological measures of both the impact of cybersickness and a person's susceptibility to the condition.

References

[1]
Ames, S. L., Wolffsohn, J. S. and McBrien, N. A. 2005. The development of a symptom questionnaire for assessing virtual reality viewing using a head-mounted display. Optometry & Vision Science, 82(3):168--176.
[2]
Antonov, M., Mitchell, N., Reisse, A., Cooper, L., LaValle, S. and Katsev, M. 2013. Oculus VR SDK Overview: SDK Version 0.2.5.
[3]
Boas, Y. A. G. V. Overview of Virtual Reality Technologies.
[4]
Bouchard, S., Robillard, G., Renaud, P and Bernier, F. 2011. Exploring new dimensions in the assessment of virtual reality induced side effects. Journal of Computer and Information Technology, 1(3).
[5]
Cobb, S., Nichols, S., Ramsey, A., and Wilson, J. Virtual reality-induced symptoms and effects (VRISE). 1999. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 8(2):169--186.
[6]
Cowings, P. S., Suter, S., Toscano, W. B., Kamiya, J. and Naifeh, K. 1986. General autonomic components of motion sickness. Psychophysiology, 23(5):542--551.
[7]
Cruz-Neira, C., Sandin, D. J. and DeFanti T. A. 1993. Surround-screen projection-based virtual reality: The design and implementation of the CAVE. Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics Conference, 135--142.
[8]
Gianaros, P. J., Muth, E. R., Mordkoff, J. T., Levine, M. E. and Stern, R. 2001. A questionnaire for the assessment of the multiple dimensions of motion sickness. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 72(2):115.
[9]
Golding J.F. 1998. Motion sickness susceptibility questionnaire revised and its relationship to other forms of sickness. Brain Research Bulletin, 47:507--516.
[10]
Graybiel, A., Wood, C. D., Miller E. F. and Cramer D. B. 1968. Diagnostic criteria for grading the severity of acute motion sickness. Aerospace Medicine Research Labs, 39:453--455.
[11]
Hamit, F. 1994. Virtual reality and the exploration of cyberspace. Sams, IN.
[12]
Hardacre, L. E. and Kennedy, P. 1963. Some issues in the development of a motion sickness questionnaire for flight students. Aerospace Medicine Research Labs, 34.
[13]
Howarth, P. and Costello, P. 1997. The occurrence of virtual simulation sickness symptoms when an HMD was used as a personal viewing system. Displays, 18(2):107--116.
[14]
Johnson. 2005. Introduction to and review of simulator sickness research. Research Report. United States Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences.
[15]
Kellogg R. S., Kennedy R. S. and Graybiel A. 1965. Motion sickness symptomatology of labyrinthine defective and normal subjects during zero gravity maneuvers. Aerospace Medicine Research Labs, 36:315--318.
[16]
Kennedy, R. S., Fowlkes J. E., Berbaium, K. S. and Lilienthal M. G. 1992. Use of a motion sickness history questionnaire for prediction of simulator sickness. Aviation Space Environmental Medicine. 63:588--593.
[17]
Kennedy, R. S., Lane, N., Berbaum, K. and Lilienthal, M. 1993. Simulator sickness questionnaire: An enhanced method for quantifying simulator sickness. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 3(3):203--220.
[18]
Kim, Y., Kim, H., Kim, E., Ko, H. and Kim, H. 2005. Characteristic changes in the physiological components of cybersickness. Psychophysiology, 42(5):616--625.
[19]
Kolasinski, E. M. 1995. Simulator sickness in virtual environments. Technical Report. United States Army Research Institute for Behavioral and Social Sciences.
[20]
Kruk, R. 1992. Simulator sickness experience in simulators equipped with fiber optic helmet mounted display systems. Flight Simulation Technologies Conference.
[21]
Lane, N. E. and Kennedy R. S. 1988. A new method for quantifying simulator sickness: Development and application of the simulator sickness questionnaire (SSQ). Orlando, FL, Essex Corporation.
[22]
LaValle, S. 2013. Help! My cockpit is drifting away. Retrieved April 15, 2014, from http://www.oculusvr.com/blog/magnetometer/.
[23]
LaValle, S. 2013. Sensor fusion: Keeping it simple. Retrieved April 15, 2014, from http://www.oculusvr.com/blog/sensor-fusion-keeping-it-simple/.
[24]
LaViola Jr, J. 2000. A discussion of cybersickness in virtual environments. ACM SIGCHI Bulletin, 32(1):47--56.
[25]
Lawson, B. D. and Mead, A. M. 1998. The sopite syndrome revisted: Drowsiness and mood changes during real or apparent motion. Acta Astronautica, 43:181--192.
[26]
Ludwig, J. 2013. Lessons learned porting Team Fortress 2 to virtual reality. Game Developers Conference.
[27]
McCauley, M. and Sharkey, T. 1992. Cybersickness: Perception of self-motion in virtual environments. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 1(3):311--318.
[28]
Money, K. E. 1990. Motion sickness and evolution. Motion and Space Sickness, 1-7, Boca Raton, FL, CRCPress, Inc.
[29]
Muth, E. R., Stern, R. M., Thayer, J. F. and Koch, K. L. 1996. Assessment of the multiple dimensions of nausea: The nausea profile (NF). Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 40:511--520.
[30]
Oculus Rift, 2014. Retrieved April 15, 2014, from http://www.oculusvr.com/.
[31]
Oculus Rift Dev Kit 2 Announcement, 2014. Retrieved August 28, 2014, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OlXrjTh7vHc.
[32]
Oculus Rift Dev Kit 2 Specs, 2014. Retrieved August 28, 2014, from http://www.oculusvr.com/dk2/.
[33]
Riccio, G. E. and Thomas A. S. 1991. An ecological theory of motion sickness and postural instability. Ecological Psychology, 3(3):195--240.
[34]
Routine August Update, 2014. Retrieved August 28, 2014, from http://steamcommunity.com/sharedfiles/filedetails/updates/92985806/1408024959.
[35]
So, R., Ho, A. and Lo, W. 2001. A metric to quantify virtual scene movement for the study of cybersickness: Definition, implementation, and verification. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 10(2):193--215.
[36]
Stanney, K., Kennedy, R. and Drexler, J. 1997. Cybersickness is not simulator sickness. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 41(2):1138--1142.
[37]
Steam Dev Days: What VR Could, Should, and Almost Certainly Will Be within Two Years, 2014. Retrieved August 28, 2014, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-2dQoeqVVo.
[38]
Sutherland, I. 1968. A head-mounted three dimensional display. Fall Joint Computer Conference, 757--764.
[39]
The Rift List, 2013. Retrieved August 28, 2014, from http://theriftlist.com/.

Cited By

View all

Recommendations

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Other conferences
IE2014: Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Interactive Entertainment
December 2014
259 pages
ISBN:9781450327909
DOI:10.1145/2677758
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

In-Cooperation

  • The University of Newcastle, Australia

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 02 December 2014

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Check for updates

Author Tags

  1. Cybersickness
  2. Oculus Rift
  3. motion sickness
  4. simulator sickness

Qualifiers

  • Research-article
  • Research
  • Refereed limited

Conference

IE2014
IE2014: Interactive Entertainment 2014
December 2 - 3, 2014
NSW, Newcastle, Australia

Acceptance Rates

IE2014 Paper Acceptance Rate 27 of 42 submissions, 64%;
Overall Acceptance Rate 64 of 148 submissions, 43%

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)626
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)58
Reflects downloads up to 28 Dec 2024

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Investigation of the Correlation Between the Visually Induced Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire and the Turkish Motion Sickness Susceptibility QuestionnaireJournal of Audiology and Otology10.7874/jao.2023.0012228:1(36-43)Online publication date: 10-Jan-2024
  • (2024)The Trail Making Test in Virtual Reality (TMT-VR): The Effects of Interaction Modes and Gaming Skills on Cognitive Performance of Young AdultsApplied Sciences10.3390/app14211001014:21(10010)Online publication date: 2-Nov-2024
  • (2024)Research on the Movement Speed of Situational Map Symbols Based on User Dynamic Preference PerceptionAerospace10.3390/aerospace1106047811:6(478)Online publication date: 17-Jun-2024
  • (2024)Automatic cybersickness detection by deep learning of augmented physiological data from off-the-shelf consumer-grade sensorsFrontiers in Virtual Reality10.3389/frvir.2024.13642075Online publication date: 17-Jun-2024
  • (2024)Contact with nature through virtual reality and video: An effective solution for improving self-esteem in adultsRomanian Journal of Applied Psychology10.2478/rjap-2024-000426:1(40-49)Online publication date: 1-Oct-2024
  • (2024)Experience of Youths and Older People With Virtual Reality Games for Cognitive Assessment: Inductive Thematic Analysis and Insights for Key StakeholdersJMIR XR and Spatial Computing10.2196/591971(e59197)Online publication date: 28-Jun-2024
  • (2024)Digital Interventions for Stress Among Frontline Health Care Workers: Results From a Pilot Feasibility Cohort TrialJMIR Serious Games10.2196/4281312(e42813)Online publication date: 9-Jan-2024
  • (2024)Efficacy and experience of system constellations in virtual reality (VR): study protocol for a randomized controlled feasibility studyPilot and Feasibility Studies10.1186/s40814-024-01513-410:1Online publication date: 12-Dec-2024
  • (2024)Development of a new computer simulated environment to screen cognition: assessing the feasibility and acceptability of Leaf Café in younger and older adultsBMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making10.1186/s12911-024-02478-324:1Online publication date: 19-Mar-2024
  • (2024)Towards using Eye Gaze Redirection in Immersive Reading Tasks for Visual Fatigue ReductionCompanion of the 2024 on ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing10.1145/3675094.3678474(607-611)Online publication date: 5-Oct-2024
  • Show More Cited By

View Options

Login options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media