research-article

Pupil-canthi-ratio: a calibration-free method for tracking horizontal gaze direction

Authors:

Yanxia Zhang,

Andreas Bulling,

Hans GellersenAuthors Info & Claims

AVI '14: Proceedings of the 2014 International Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces

Pages 129 - 132

https://doi.org/10.1145/2598153.2598186

Published: 27 May 2014 Publication History

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Abstract

Eye tracking is compelling for hands-free interaction with pervasive displays. However, most existing eye tracking systems require specialised hardware and explicit calibrations of equipment and individual users, which inhibit their widespread adoption. In this work, we present a light-weight and calibration-free gaze estimation method that leverages only an off-the-shelf camera to track users' gaze horizontally. We introduce pupil-canthi-ratio (PCR), a novel measure for estimating gaze directions. By using the displacement vector between the inner eye corner and the pupil centre of an eye, PCR is calculated as the ratio of the displacement vectors from both eyes. We establish a mapping between PCR to gaze direction by Gaussian process regression, which inherently infers averted horizontal gaze directions of users. We present a study to identify the characteristics of PCR. The results show that PCR achieved an average accuracy of 3.9 degrees across different people. Finally, we show examples of real-time applications of PCR that allow users to interact with a display by moving only their eyes.

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Cited By

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Khamis MMarky KBulling AAlt F(2022)User-centred multimodal authentication: securing handheld mobile devices using gaze and touch inputBehaviour & Information Technology10.1080/0144929X.2022.206959741:10(2061-2083)Online publication date: 6-May-2022
https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2022.2069597
Nuraini AMurnani SArdiyanto IWibirama S(2021)Machine Learning in Gaze-Based Interaction: A Survey of Eye Movements Events Detection2021 International Conference on Computer System, Information Technology, and Electrical Engineering (COSITE)10.1109/COSITE52651.2021.9649646(150-155)Online publication date: 20-Oct-2021
https://doi.org/10.1109/COSITE52651.2021.9649646
Das ISingh SDas RBiswas SRoy SGupta S(2020)Design and Implementation on EMBA Authentication models2020 IEEE VLSI DEVICE CIRCUIT AND SYSTEM (VLSI DCS)10.1109/VLSIDCS47293.2020.9179890(283-288)Online publication date: Jul-2020
https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIDCS47293.2020.9179890
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Index Terms

Pupil-canthi-ratio: a calibration-free method for tracking horizontal gaze direction
1. Computing methodologies
  1. Artificial intelligence
    1. Computer vision
2. Human-centered computing

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AVI '14: Proceedings of the 2014 International Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces

May 2014

438 pages

ISBN:9781450327756

DOI:10.1145/2598153

General Chair:
Paolo Paolini
Politecnico di Milano (Italy)
,
Program Chair:
Franca Garzotto
Politecnico di Milano (Italy)

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

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Published: 27 May 2014

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Centro Cultura Volta
Politecnico di Milano

AVI' 14: International Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces

May 27 - 29, 2014

Como, Italy

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AVI '14 Paper Acceptance Rate 32 of 112 submissions, 29%;

Overall Acceptance Rate 128 of 490 submissions, 26%

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Khamis MMarky KBulling AAlt F(2022)User-centred multimodal authentication: securing handheld mobile devices using gaze and touch inputBehaviour & Information Technology10.1080/0144929X.2022.206959741:10(2061-2083)Online publication date: 6-May-2022
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Nuraini AMurnani SArdiyanto IWibirama S(2021)Machine Learning in Gaze-Based Interaction: A Survey of Eye Movements Events Detection2021 International Conference on Computer System, Information Technology, and Electrical Engineering (COSITE)10.1109/COSITE52651.2021.9649646(150-155)Online publication date: 20-Oct-2021
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Das ISingh SDas RBiswas SRoy SGupta S(2020)Design and Implementation on EMBA Authentication models2020 IEEE VLSI DEVICE CIRCUIT AND SYSTEM (VLSI DCS)10.1109/VLSIDCS47293.2020.9179890(283-288)Online publication date: Jul-2020
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Pupil: an open source platform for pervasive eye tracking and mobile gaze-based interaction

Simple gaze gestures and the closure of the eyes as an interaction technique

4th international workshop on pervasive eye tracking and mobile eye-based interaction

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