research-article

Wedge: clutter-free visualization of off-screen locations

Authors:

Sean Gustafson,

Patrick Baudisch,

Pourang IraniAuthors Info & Claims

CHI '08: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

Pages 787 - 796

https://doi.org/10.1145/1357054.1357179

Published: 06 April 2008 Publication History

Abstract

To overcome display limitations of small-screen devices, researchers have proposed techniques that point users to objects located off-screen. Arrow-based techniques such as City Lights convey only direction. Halo conveys direction and distance, but is susceptible to clutter resulting from overlapping halos. We present Wedge, a visualization technique that conveys direction and distance, yet avoids overlap and clutter. Wedge represents each off-screen location using an acute isosceles triangle: the tip coincides with the off-screen locations, and the two corners are located on-screen. A wedge conveys location awareness primarily by means of its two legs pointing towards the target. Wedges avoid overlap programmatically by repelling each other, causing them to rotate until overlap is resolved. As a result, wedges can be applied to numbers and configurations of targets that would lead to clutter if visualized using halos. We report on a user study comparing Wedge and Halo for three off-screen tasks. Participants were significantly more accurate when using Wedge than when using Halo.

References

[1]

Baudisch, P. and Rosenholtz, R. (2003). Halo: A technique for visualizing off-screen locations. Proc. CHI 2003, 481--488.

Digital Library

[2]

Baudisch, P., Good, N., Bellotti, V., and Schraedley, P. (2002). Keeping things in context: A comparative evaluation of focus plus context screens, overviews, and zooming. Proc. CHI 2002, 259--266.

Digital Library

[3]

Bederson, B. B., Hollan, J. D., Perlin, K., Meyer, J., Bacon, D., and Furnas, G. (1996). Pad++: A zoomable graphical sketchpad for exploring alternate interface physics, Visual Languages and Computation, 7, 3--31.

[4]

Burigat S., Chittaro L., and Gabrielli S. (2006). Visualizing locations of off-screen objects on mobile devices: A comparative evaluation of three approaches, Proc. MobileHCI 2006, 239--246.

Digital Library

[5]

Carpendale, M. S. T. and Montagnese, C. (2001). A framework for unifying presentation space. Proc. UIST 2001, 61--70.

Digital Library

[6]

Elder, J. and Zucker, S. (1993). The effect of contour closure on the rapid discrimination of two-dimensional shapes. Vision Research, 33(7), 981--991.

[7]

Gustafson, S. and Irani, P. (2007). Comparing visualizations for tracking off-screen moving targets. Proc. CHI 2007, 2399--2404.

Digital Library

[8]

Guttman, S. E., and Kellman, P. J. (2002). Do spatial factors influence the microgenesis of illusory contours? Journal of Vision, 2, 355a.

[9]

Hornbæk, K. and Frøkjær, E. (2001). Reading of electronic documents: the usability of linear, fisheye, and overview+detail interfaces. Proc. CHI 2001, 293--300.

Digital Library

[10]

Irani, P., Gutwin, C., and Yang, X. D. (2006). Improving selection of off-screen targets with hopping. Proc. CHI 2006, 299--308.

Digital Library

[11]

Lam, H. and Baudisch, P. (2005). Summary Thumbnails: Readable overviews for small screen web browsers. Proc. CHI 2005, 681--690.

Digital Library

[12]

Mackinlay, J. D., Good, L., Zellweger, P. T., Stefik, M., and Baudisch, P. (2003). City Lights: Contextual views in minimal space. Proc. CHI 2003, 838--839.

Digital Library

[13]

Marsh, T. and Wright, P. (2000) Using cinematography conventions to inform guidelines for the design and evaluation of virtual off-screen space. Proc. AAAI 2000 Spring Symp. Ser. Smart Graphics, 123--127.

[14]

Murray, R., Sekuler, A., and Bennett, P. (2001). Time course of amodal completion revealed by a shape discrimination task. Psychonomic Bulletin, 8, 713--720.

[15]

Nacenta, M., Subramanian, S., Sallam, S., Champoux, B., and Gutwin, C. (2006). Perspective Cursor: Perspective-based interaction for multi-display environments. Proc. CHI 2006, 289--298.

Digital Library

[16]

Nekrasovski, D., Bodnar, A., McGrenere, J., Guimbretière, F., and Munzner, T. (2006). An evaluation of pan & zoom and rubber sheet navigation with and without an overview. Proc. CHI 2006, 11--20.

Digital Library

[17]

Rohs, M. and Essl, G. (2006). Which one is better? - Information navigation techniques for spatially aware handheld displays. Proc. ICMI 2006, 100--107.

Digital Library

[18]

Sarkar, M. and Brown, M. (1992). Graphical fisheye views of graphs. Proc. CHI 1992, 83--91.

Digital Library

[19]

Sekuler, A. and Murray, R. (2001). Amodal completion: A case studying grouping. In T. Shipley & P. Kellman (Eds.), From Fragments to Objects: Segmentation and Grouping in Vision, New York: Elsevier, 265--293.

[20]

Sekuler, A. and Palmer, S. (1992). Perception of partly occluded objects: A microgenetic analysis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 121, 95--111.

[21]

Sekuler, A., Palmer, S., and Flynn, C. (1994). Local and global processes in visual completion. Psychological Science, 5, 260--267.

[22]

Shore, D. and Enns, T. (1997). Shape completion time depends on the size of the occluded region. Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 23, 980--998.

[23]

Skopik, A. and Gutwin, C. (2005). Improving revisitation in fisheye views with visit wear. Proc. CHI 2005, 771--780.

Digital Library

[24]

Ware, C. and Lewis, M. (1995). The DragMag image magnifier. Proc. CHI 1995, 407--408.

Digital Library

Cited By

Qin YSu JQin HTian Y(2024)Exploring the Role of Video Playback Visual Cues in Object Retrieval TasksSensors10.3390/s2410314724:10(3147)Online publication date: 15-May-2024
https://doi.org/10.3390/s24103147
Wang GWang HRen G(2024)Visual and Haptic Guidance for Enhancing Target Search Performance in Dual-Task SettingsApplied Sciences10.3390/app1411465014:11(4650)Online publication date: 28-May-2024
https://doi.org/10.3390/app14114650
Yangfu RZhiqiang LSonghai Z(2024)Survey of visualization methods for multiscene visual cue information in immersive environmentsJournal of Image and Graphics10.11834/jig.22114729:1(1-21)Online publication date: 2024
https://doi.org/10.11834/jig.221147
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Wedge: clutter-free visualization of off-screen locations
1. Human-centered computing
  1. Human computer interaction (HCI)
    1. Interaction paradigms
      1. Graphical user interfaces

Recommendations

EyeSee360: designing a visualization technique for out-of-view objects in head-mounted augmented reality
SUI '17: Proceedings of the 5th Symposium on Spatial User Interaction

Head-mounted displays allow user to augment reality or dive into a virtual one. However, these 3D spaces often come with problems due to objects that may be out of view. Visualizing these out-of-view objects is useful under certain scenarios, such as ...
Visualizing out-of-view objects in head-mounted augmented reality
MobileHCI '17: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services

Various off-screen visualization techniques that point to off-screen objects have been developed for small screen devices. A similar problem arises with head-mounted Augmented Reality (AR) with respect to the human field-of-view, where objects may be ...
Visualizing locations of off-screen objects on mobile devices: a comparative evaluation of three approaches
MobileHCI '06: Proceedings of the 8th conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services

Browsing large information spaces such as maps on the limited screen of mobile devices often requires people to perform panning and zooming operations that move relevant display content off-screen. This makes it difficult to perform spatial tasks such ...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences

CHI '08: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

April 2008

1870 pages

ISBN:9781605580111

DOI:10.1145/1357054

General Chairs:
Mary Czerwinski
Microsoft Research, USA
,
Arnie Lund
Microsoft, USA
,
Program Chair:
Desney Tan
Microsoft Research, USA

Copyright © 2008 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Sponsors

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 06 April 2008

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article

Conference

CHI '08

Sponsor:

CHI '08: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

April 5 - 10, 2008

Florence, Italy

Acceptance Rates

CHI '08 Paper Acceptance Rate 157 of 714 submissions, 22%;

Overall Acceptance Rate 6,199 of 26,314 submissions, 24%

Upcoming Conference

CHI 2025

Sponsor:
sigchi

ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

April 26 - May 1, 2025

Yokohama , Japan

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

168
Total Citations
View Citations
2,496
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)88
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)5

Reflects downloads up to 24 Dec 2024

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Qin YSu JQin HTian Y(2024)Exploring the Role of Video Playback Visual Cues in Object Retrieval TasksSensors10.3390/s2410314724:10(3147)Online publication date: 15-May-2024
https://doi.org/10.3390/s24103147
Wang GWang HRen G(2024)Visual and Haptic Guidance for Enhancing Target Search Performance in Dual-Task SettingsApplied Sciences10.3390/app1411465014:11(4650)Online publication date: 28-May-2024
https://doi.org/10.3390/app14114650
Yangfu RZhiqiang LSonghai Z(2024)Survey of visualization methods for multiscene visual cue information in immersive environmentsJournal of Image and Graphics10.11834/jig.22114729:1(1-21)Online publication date: 2024
https://doi.org/10.11834/jig.221147
Kelley BWickens CWarden AClegg BOrtega F(2024)2D and 3D Augmented Reality Attention Cueing Comparisons in 3D Target SearchProceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting10.1177/1071181324126507768:1(1176-1180)Online publication date: 12-Aug-2024
https://doi.org/10.1177/10711813241265077
Kurosaki RArikawa MFujiwara RSasaki ILu MUtsumi TSato R(2024)Directional Progress Indicator for Visualizing Off-Screen Point-of-Interest in Handheld Augmented RealityProceedings of the 2024 8th International Conference on Big Data and Internet of Things10.1145/3697355.3697373(114-119)Online publication date: 14-Sep-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3697355.3697373
Kergaßner SDoerr NWieland MFuchs MSedlmair M(2024)HiveFive360: Extending the VR Gaze Guidance Technique HiveFive to Highlight Out-Of-FOV TargetsProceedings of Mensch und Computer 202410.1145/3670653.3670662(11-20)Online publication date: 1-Sep-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3670653.3670662
Truillet CSerrano MDubois E(2024)Interaction with Physical Referents In and Around the Field of View of Optical See-Through Augmented-Reality HeadsetsProceedings of the 35th Conference on l'Interaction Humain-Machine10.1145/3649792.3649796(1-15)Online publication date: 25-Mar-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3649792.3649796
Franz RJunuzovic SMott M(2024)A Virtual Reality Scene Taxonomy: Identifying and Designing Accessible Scene-Viewing TechniquesACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction10.1145/363514231:2(1-44)Online publication date: 5-Feb-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3635142
Franke MBeck SKoch S(2024)Two-point Equidistant Projection and Degree-of-interest Filtering for Smooth Exploration of Geo-referenced Networks2024 IEEE Visualization and Visual Analytics (VIS)10.1109/VIS55277.2024.00023(76-80)Online publication date: 13-Oct-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/VIS55277.2024.00023
Nath PDelamare WHasan K(2024)PalmSpaceInternational Journal of Human-Computer Studies10.1016/j.ijhcs.2024.103219184:COnline publication date: 1-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2024.103219
Show More Cited By

View Options

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Publication

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Table of Contents