skip to main content
research-article

EZ-Pass: An Energy & Performance-Efficient Power-Gating Router Architecture for Scalable NoCs

Published: 01 January 2018 Publication History

Abstract

With technology scaling into nanometer regime, static power is becoming the dominant factor in the overall power consumption of Network-on-Chips (NoCs). Static power can be reduced by powering off routers during consecutive idle time through power-gating techniques. However, power-gating techniques suffer from a large wake-up latency to wake up the powered-off routers. Recent research aims to improve the wake-up latency penalty by hiding it through early wake-up techniques. However, these techniques do not exploit the full advantage of power-gating due to the early wake-up. Consequently, they do not achieve significant power savings. In this paper, we propose an architecture called Easy Pass (EZ-Pass) router that remedies the large wake-up latency overheads while providing significant static power savings. The proposed architecture takes advantage of idle resources in the network interface to transmit packets without waking up the router. Additionally, the technique hides the wake-up latency by continuing to provide packet transmission during the wake-up phase. We use full system simulation to evaluate our EZ-Pass router on a 64-core NoC with a mesh topology using PARSEC benchmark suites. Our results show that the proposed router reduces static power by up to 31 percent and overall network latency by up to 32 percent as compared to early-wakeup optimized power-gating techniques.

References

[1]
Y. Hoskote, S. Vangala, A. Singha, N. Borkar, and S. Borkar, “A 5-GHz mesh interconnect for a teraflops processor,” IEEE Micro, vol. Volume 27, no. Issue 5, pp. 51–61, 2007.
[2]
T. Mattson et al., “The 48-core SCC processor: The programmer's view,” in Proc. ACM/IEEE Int. Conf. High Perform. Comput. Netw. Storage Anal., 2010, pp. 1–11.
[3]
G. Venkatesh et al., “Conservation cores: Reducing the energy of mature computations,” ACM SIGARCH Comput. Archit. News, vol. Volume 38, no. Issue 1, pp. 205–218, 2010.
[4]
Z. Hu, A. Buyuktosunoglu, V. Srinivasan, V. Zyuban, H. Jacobson, and P. Bose, “Microarchitectural techniques for power gating of execution units,” in Proc. Int. Symp. Low Power Electron. Des., 2004, pp. 32–37.
[5]
L. Chen and T. M. Pinkston, “NoRD: Node-router decoupling for effective power-gating of on-chip routers,” in Proc. 45th Annu. IEEE/ACM Int. Symp. Microarchit., Feb. 2012, pp. 270–281.
[6]
H. Matsutani, M. Koibuchi, D. Ikebuchi, K. Usami, H. Nakamura, and H. Amano, “Ultra fine-grained run-time NN/C gating of on-chip routers for CMPs,” in Proc. 4th ACM/IEEE Int. Symp. Netw.-on-Chip, 2010, pp. 61–68.
[7]
J. Zhan, J. Ouyang, F. Ge, J. Zhao, and Y. Xie, “DimNoC: A dim silicon approach towards power-efficient on-chip network,” in Proc. 52nd ACM/EDAC/IEEE Des. Autom. Conf., 2015, pp. 1–6.
[8]
R. Parikh, R. Das, and V. Bertacco, “Power-aware NoCs through routing and topology reconfiguration,” in Proc. 51st Des. Autom. Conf., Jun. 2014, pp. 1–6.
[9]
R. Das, S. Narayanasamy, S. K. Satpathy, and R. G. Dreslinski, “Catnap: Energy proportional multiple network-on-chip,” in Proc. Annu. Int. Symp. Comput. Archit., 2013, pp. 320–331.
[10]
L. Chen, D. Zhu, M. Pedram, and T. M. Pinkston, “Power punch: Towards non-blocking power-gating of NoC routers,” in Proc. IEEE 21st Int. Symp. High Perform. Comput. Archit., 2015, pp. 378–389.
[11]
L. Chen, L. Zhao, and T. M. Pinkston, “MP3: Minimizing performance penalty for power-gating of Clos network-on-chip,” in Proc. Int. Symp. High-Perform. Comput. Archit., Feb. 2014, pp. 296–307.
[12]
W. J. Dally and B. P. Towles, Principles and Practices of Interconnection Networks . Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier, 2004.
[13]
C. Bienia and K. Li, “PARSEC 2.0: A new benchmark suite for chip-multiprocessors,” in Proc. 5th Annual Workshop Modeling, Benchmarking Simulation, vol. Volume 2011, 2009.
[14]
A. Kumar, L.-S. Peh, P. Kundu, and N. K. Jha, “Express virtual channels: Towards the ideal interconnection fabric,” in Proc. Annu. Int. Symp. Comput. Archit., 2007, pp. 150–161.
[15]
T. N. Jain, M. Ramakrishna, P. V. Gratz, A. Sprintson, and G. Choi, “Asynchronous bypass channels for multi-synchronous NoCs: A router microarchitecture, topology, and routing algorithm,” IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst., vol. Volume 30, no. Issue 11, pp. 1663–1676, 2011.
[16]
L. Xin and C.-S. Choy, “A low-latency NoC router with lookahead bypass,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits Syst., 2010, pp. 3981–3984.

Cited By

View all
  1. EZ-Pass: An Energy & Performance-Efficient Power-Gating Router Architecture for Scalable NoCs

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image IEEE Computer Architecture Letters
    IEEE Computer Architecture Letters  Volume 17, Issue 1
    January 2018
    99 pages

    Publisher

    IEEE Computer Society

    United States

    Publication History

    Published: 01 January 2018

    Qualifiers

    • Research-article

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)0
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
    Reflects downloads up to 28 Jan 2025

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    Cited By

    View all

    View Options

    View options

    Figures

    Tables

    Media

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media