skip to main content
research-article

Tucker decomposition-based temporal knowledge graph completion

Published: 28 February 2022 Publication History

Abstract

Knowledge graphs have been demonstrated to be an effective tool for numerous intelligent applications. However, a large amount of valuable knowledge still exists implicitly in the knowledge graphs. To enrich the existing knowledge graphs, recent years have witnessed that many algorithms for link prediction and knowledge graphs embedding have been designed to infer new facts. But most of these studies focus on the static knowledge graphs and ignore the temporal information which reflects the validity of knowledge. Developing the model for temporal knowledge graphs completion is an increasingly important task. In this paper, we build a new tensor decomposition model for temporal knowledge graphs completion inspired by the Tucker decomposition of order-4 tensor. Furthermore, to further improve the basic model performance, we provide three kinds of methods including cosine similarity, contrastive learning, and reconstruction-based to incorporate the prior knowledge into the proposed model. Because the core tensor contains a large number of parameters on the proposed model, thus we present two embedding regularization schemes to avoid the over-fitting problem. By combining these two kinds of regularization with the proposed model, our model outperforms baselines with an explicit margin on three temporal datasets (i.e. ICEWS2014, ICEWS05-15, GDELT).

References

[1]
Koren Y., Bell R., Volinsky C., Matrix factorization techniques for recommender systems, Proc. Comput. (2009) 30–37.
[2]
L. Dong, F. Wei, M. Zhou, K. Xu, Question answering over freebase with multi-column convolutional neural networks, in: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing, 2015, pp. 260–269.
[3]
C. Xiong, J.P. Callan, Query expansion with freebase, in: Proceedings of the International Conference on the Theory of Information Retrieval, 2015, pp. 111—120.
[4]
Z. Wang, C. Chen, W. Li, Predictive network representation learning for link prediction, in: Proceedings of International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, 2017, pp. 969—972.
[5]
T. Lacroix, N. Usunier, G. Obozinski, Canonical tensor decomposition for knowledge base completion, in: Proceedings of the International Conference on Machine Learning, 2018.
[6]
I. Balažević, C. Allen, T.M. Hospedales, TuckER: Tensor factorization for knowledge graph completion, in: Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing, 2019, pp. 5185–5194.
[7]
T. Lacroix, G. Obozinski, N. Usunier, Tensor decompositions for temporal knowledge base completion, in: Proceedings of International Conference on Learning Representations, 2020.
[8]
Håstad J., Tensor rank is NP-complete, J. Algorithms (1990) 644–654.
[9]
P. Jain, S. Rathi, . Mausam, S. Chakrabarti, Temporal knowledge base completion: New algorithms and evaluation protocols, in: Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, 2020, pp. 3733–3747.
[10]
B. Yang, S.W.-t. Yih, X. He, J. Gao, L. Deng, Embedding entities and relations for learning and inference in knowledge bases, in: Proceedings of the International Conference on Learning Representations, 2015.
[11]
T. Trouillon, J. Welbl, S. Riedel, E. Gaussier, G. Bouchard, Complex embeddings for simple link prediction, in: Proceedings of the International Conference on Machine Learning, 2016, pp. 2071—2080.
[12]
S.M. Kazemi, D. Poole, SimplE embedding for link prediction in knowledge graphs, in: Proceedings of the International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, 2018, pp. 4289—4300.
[13]
R. Goel, S.M. Kazemi, M. Brubaker, P. Poupart, Diachronic embedding for temporal knowledge graph completion, in: Proceedings of AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2020, pp. 3988–3995.
[14]
A. Bordes, N. Usunier, A. Garcia-Durán, J. Weston, O. Yakhnenko, Translating embeddings for modeling multi-relational data, in: Proceedings of the International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, 2013, pp. 2787—2795.
[15]
G. Ji, S. He, L. Xu, K. Liu, J. Zhao, Knowledge graph embedding via dynamic mapping matrix, in: Proceedings of Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2015.
[16]
T. Dettmers, M. Pasquale, S. Pontus, S. Riedel, Convolutional 2D knowledge graph embeddings, in: Proceedings of AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2018, pp. 1811–1818.
[17]
M. Schlichtkrull, T.N. Kipf, P. Bloem, R.v.d. Berg, I. Titov, M. Welling, Modeling relational data with graph convolutional networks, in: Proc. Semant. Web, 2017, pp. 593–607.
[18]
M. Nickel, V. Tresp, H.-P. Kriegel, A three-way model for collective learning on multi-relational data, in: Proceedings of the International Conference on Machine Learning, 2011, pp. 809—816.
[19]
M. Nickel, L. Rosasco, T. Poggio, Holographic embeddings of knowledge graphs, in: Proceedings of AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2016, pp. 1955—1961.
[20]
T. Jiang, T. Liu, T. Ge, L. Sha, S. Li, B. Chang, Z. Sui, Encoding temporal information for time-aware link prediction, in: Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, 2016, pp. 2350–2354.
[21]
S.S. Dasgupta, S.N. Ray, P. Talukdar, HyTE: Hyperplane-based temporally aware knowledge graph embedding, in: Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, 2018, pp. 2001–2011.
[22]
Z. Wang, J. Zhang, J. Feng, Z. Chen, Knowledge graph embedding by translating on hyperplanes, in: Proceedings of AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2014, pp. 1112—1119.
[23]
A. García-Durán, S. Dumancic, M. Niepert, Learning sequence encoders for temporal knowledge graph completion, in: Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, 2018, pp. 4816—4821.
[24]
Ma Y., Tresp V., Daxberger E., Embedding models for episodic knowledge graphs, Proc. J. Web Semant. (2019).
[25]
C. Xu, M. Nayyeri, F. Alkhoury, H. Yazdi, J. Lehmann, Temporal knowledge graph completion based on time series gaussian embedding, in: Proceedings of the Semantic Web, 2020, pp. 654–671.
[26]
C. Xu, Y.-Y. Chen, M. Nayyeri, J. Lehmann, Temporal knowledge graph completion using a linear temporal regularizer and multivector embeddings, in: Proceedings of the Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, 2021, pp. 2569–2578.
[27]
Y. Xu, H. E, M. Song, W. Song, X. Lv, H. Wang, J. Yang, RTFE: A recursive temporal fact embedding framework for temporal knowledge graph completion, in: NAACL-HLT, 2021.
[28]
Hitchcock F.L., The expression of a tensor or a polyadic as a sum of products, Proc. Stud. Appl. Math. (1927) 164–189.
[29]
L.R. Tucker, The extension of factor analysis to three-dimensional matrices, in: Proceedings of Contributions to Mathematical Psychology, 1964, pp. 110–127.
[30]
Kolda T., Bader B., Tensor decompositions and applications, 2009, pp. 455–-500.
[31]
Boschee E., Lautenschlager J., O’Brien S., Shellman S., Starz J., Ward M., ICEWS coded event data, 2015.
[32]
K. Leetaru, P.A. Schrodt, GDELT: Global data on events, location, and tone, in: Proceedings of ISA Annual Convention.
[33]
R. Trivedi, H. Dai, Y. Wang, L. Song, Know-Evolve: Deep temporal reasoning for dynamic knowledge graphs, in: Proceedings of the International Conference on Machine Learning, 2017, pp. 3462—3471.
[34]
Nickel M., Murphy K., Tresp V., Gabrilovich E., A review of relational machine learning for knowledge graphs, 2016, pp. 11–33.
[35]
A. Paszke, S. Gross, S. Chintala, G. Chanan, E. Yang, Z. Devito, Z. Lin, A. Desmaison, L. Antiga, A. Lerer, Automatic differentiation in PyTorch, in: Proceedings of the International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, 2017.
[36]
J.C. Duchi, E. Hazan, Y. Singer, Adaptive subgradient methods for online learning and stochastic optimization, in: Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, 2011, pp. 2121—2159.

Cited By

View all

Index Terms

  1. Tucker decomposition-based temporal knowledge graph completion
          Index terms have been assigned to the content through auto-classification.

          Recommendations

          Comments

          Information & Contributors

          Information

          Published In

          cover image Knowledge-Based Systems
          Knowledge-Based Systems  Volume 238, Issue C
          Feb 2022
          536 pages

          Publisher

          Elsevier Science Publishers B. V.

          Netherlands

          Publication History

          Published: 28 February 2022

          Author Tags

          1. Temporal knowledge graphs
          2. Tucker decomposition
          3. Reconstruction
          4. Contrastive learning

          Qualifiers

          • Research-article

          Contributors

          Other Metrics

          Bibliometrics & Citations

          Bibliometrics

          Article Metrics

          • Downloads (Last 12 months)0
          • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
          Reflects downloads up to 02 Feb 2025

          Other Metrics

          Citations

          Cited By

          View all

          View Options

          View options

          Figures

          Tables

          Media

          Share

          Share

          Share this Publication link

          Share on social media