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ResearchWorks is the University of Washington's digital repository (also known as "institutional repository") for disseminating scholarly work. More information about ResearchWorks can be found on the Scholarly Publishing Services page.
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High-sensitivity detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in tongue swab samples
(2024-12-20) Olson, Alaina M.; Wood, Rachel C.; Weigel, Kris M.; Yan, Alexander J.; Lochner, Katherine A.; Dragovich, Rane B.; Luabeya, Angelique K.; Yager, Paul; Hatherill, Mark; Cangelosi, Gerard A.
Tongue swab (TS) sampling combined with quantitative PCR (qPCR) to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) DNA is a promising alternative to sputum testing for tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis. In prior studies, the sensitivity of tongue swabbing has usually been lower than sputum. In this study, we evaluated two strategies to improve sensitivity. In one, centrifugation was used to concentrate tongue dorsum bacteria from 2 mL suspensions eluted from high-capacity foam swab samples. The pellets were resuspended as 500 μL suspensions, and then mechanically lysed prior to dual-target qPCR to detect MTB insertion elements IS6110 and IS1081. Fractionation experiments demonstrated that most of the MTB DNA signal in clinical swab samples (99.22% ± 1.46%) was present in the sedimentable fraction. When applied to archived foam swabs collected from 124 South Africans with presumptive TB, this strategy exhibited 83% sensitivity (71/86) and 100% specificity (38/38) relative to sputum microbiological reference standard (MRS; sputum culture and/or Xpert Ultra). The second strategy used sequence-specific magnetic capture (SSMaC) to concentrate DNA released from MTB cells. This protocol was evaluated on archived Copan FLOQSwabs flocked swab samples collected from 128 South African participants with presumptive TB. Material eluted into 500 μL buffer was mechanically lysed. The suspensions were digested by proteinase K, hybridized to biotinylated dual-target oligonucleotide probes, and then concentrated ~20-fold using magnetic separation. Upon dual-target qPCR testing of concentrates, this strategy exhibited 90% sensitivity (83/92) and 97% specificity (35/36) relative to sputum MRS. These results point the way toward automatable, high-sensitivity methods for detecting MTB DNA in TS.
Electrified Mobility Hubs: A Blueprint for the Future of Transit Infrastructure
(2024-12-10) Whittington, Jan; Berney, Rachel; Lee, Hyun Woo "Chris"; Treece, Bart; Ning, Siman; Chen, Chin-Wei; Muiruri, Kevin; Yue, Haoyu; Tanner Machala
The publication provides guidance and tools for transit agencies to help with the redevelopment of transit facilities into electrified mobility hubs, offering a blueprint for the electrification of mobility hubs at existing facilities. This will also be useful for utility providers who are essential partners in these conversation efforts.
Biotic Resistance to Multiple Bioinvaders: A Case Study
(2024-12-09) Bischoff, Trevan; Cantu, Chase; Dutt, Avantika; Ecker, Jonas; Egbert, Tatiana; Hill, Spencer; In, Ellie; Kliewer, Rory; Kwok, Justin; Lemus, Bryan; Martinez, Marco; Miewald, Serena; Pak, Ellen; Proulx, Owen; Robertson, Kate; Stevens, Kate; Sweet, McKenna; Ward, Nick
Case study conducted by entire class group (Novel Marine Ecosystems, Friday Harbor Labs) on biotic resistance to multiple bioinvaders at Argyle Beach, San Juan Island, Washington.
Challenges and Promises: Latine Perspectives on Support and Community at the University of Washington
(2024-11) Chavez-Hernandez, F.; Mendez-Covarrubias, A.; Garcia, I.; Garcia Rivera, N.; Gonzalez, S.; Jimenez Romero, J.; Melgoza, D.; Ocampo-Aguilar, L.; Osorio L.; Sierra, R.; Wilsey-Bacso, L.
This study seeks to explore the perspectives of Latine students at the University of Washington regarding racial representation within the institution. Do Latine students see their experiences and identities represented and reflected in university life? How do Latine students experience and perceive Latine representation (or lack thereof) in terms of the composition of faculty, student body, and community spaces at UW? This research project aims to uncover the realities, challenges, and promise of support and community on campus. Through interviews with Latine students and faculty, this inquiry will describe how students find support at UW and how they navigate their academic environment. To attain a comprehensive understanding, the research utilizes a combination of primary and secondary sources, incorporating interviews with Latine students and faculty at the UW to capture personalized and nuanced perspectives. By examining the lived experiences and perspectives of individuals directly affected, the study aims to thoroughly examine the complex dynamics at play. Exploring the lived experiences of Latine students, the study will contribute to the discourse on racial representation in academia and its impact on student well-being and academic success. The findings will inform discussions on how institutions can foster an inclusive environment that recognizes and supports the diverse backgrounds of all students. This research project has emerged from ongoing conversation and collaboration with the Washington State Commission on Hispanic Affairs. This research project will inform the community report that the Commission is preparing.
Geographic Information and Health: Integrating a Course Journal into Public Health Learning
(2024-11) Seto, Edmund
Syringe Service Programs Indicators Implementation
(2024-07-16) Lesly-Marie Buer; Sarah Deutsch; Sara Glick; Elise Healy; Kelly Knudtson; Brittany Price
Who is this guide for? The SSP Indicators Implementation Guide provides basic data points that a wide variety of SSPs could collect to monitor and evaluate their programs. This guide is focused on basic services and may not include some services that are becoming more common at SSPs. While this entire guide is likely useful for funders, government agencies, and others who require data from SSPs, the “Considerations for Funders” section is directly focused on recommendations for those who require these data.
How do I use this guide? There are different ways to use the SSP Indicators Implementation Guide. SSPs and funders may read this guide through to understand the context, methodologies, and broader recommendations for data collection that inform why we think these indicators are important as well as good practices for data collection and analysis. We’ve also divided the guide into sections if only a few domains of indicators are of interest, or if a section or two is to be repeatedly referenced, while other sections are read once. We do recommend reading all the information in an indicator section before using that indicator.
REDCap Basics for Syringe Service Programs
(2024) Kelly Knudtson; Brittany Price; Elise Healy; Lesly-Marie Buer; Sara Glick
This is a short guide for harm reduction programs and syringe service programs (SSPs) considering using REDCap for their data collection and management. It reviews basic information about REDCap, strengths and challenges for use with SSPs, and the main ways to access REDCap.
The SHaRP team has considerable experience using REDCap and working with organizations to build out REDCap systems. However, given the wealth, variety, and ongoing evolution of guidance on REDCap’s capabilities, this guide should not be considered comprehensive or airtight.
Finally, this is not a promotion or endorsement of one particular company, software, or product by the Opioid Response Network (ORN), SAMHSA, or the SHaRP team. Further, this is not a recommendation of REDCap as the best software for SSP monitoring and evaluation. There is no one software solution that will work for all SSPs. Many complex factors figure into what software choices will work best for each individual program.
Population Size Estimation of People Who Inject Drugs: An Overview of Methodologies
(2023) Diana M. Tordoff; Adam Palayew; Brittany N. Price; Courtney McKnight; Don Des Jarlais; Elise Healy; Kelly Knudtson; Katelyn Benhoff; Lesly-Marie Buer; Sara Glick; Sarah Deutsch
This document provides an overview of the different methods and considerations for estimating the size of the population who injects drugs. It is primarily intended for local health departments, academia, and other community-based organizations.
Participant Input in Harm Reduction Programs
(2023-03-27) University of Washington Supporting Harm Reduction Programs (SHaRP) Team
This short document offers an overview of participant input at SSPs and a range of resources for harm reduction programs to consult when building or changing their participant input processes.
Monitoring and Evaluation: A Toolkit for Syringe Services Programs
(2023-09-22) Katelyn Benhoff; Adam Palayew; Brittany N. Price; Courtney McKnight; Don Des Jarlais; Elise Healy; Kelly Knudtson; Lesly-Marie Buer; Sara Glick; Sarah Deutsch
The purpose of this guidance is to help syringe services programs (SSPs) and other harm reduction programs in establishing and maintaining data collection practices for program monitoring and evaluation. Programs may find this information useful if they have questions about the types of data they might collect, how they might record it, and how they might test out their methods with staff and participants. This guidance is part of a larger Monitoring and Evaluation Toolkit for SSPs that will serve as a resource for programs in all stages of the monitoring and evaluation process.