<input type="button">
Elementos <input>
do tipo button
são renderizados como um simples botão, que podem ser programados para controlar funcionalidades customizadas em qualquer lugar de uma página web quando for atribuído um evento (tipicamente para um evento click
).
Experimente
Nota: Enquanto elementos <input>
do tipo button
ainda são perfeitamente válidos, os novos elementos <button>
são agora os favoráveis meios para criar botões. Uma etiqueta de texto (label) para um <button>
pode ser inserida entre uma tag de abertura e outra de fechamento, podendo ser incluídas até imagens.
Value
Usando buttons
Elementos <input type="button">
não possuem comportamento padrão (seu primos, <input type="submit">
e <input type="reset">
são usados para submeter e resetar formulários). Para que botões possam fazer algo, você tem de escrever um código em JavaScript para fazê-lo trabalhar.
Um simples botão
Nós iremos começar criando um simples botão com um evento click
que inicia nossa máquina (bem, ele altera o value
do botão e o contéudo texto do seguinte parágrafo):
<form>
<input type="button" value="Start machine" />
</form>
<p>The machine is stopped.</p>
const button = document.querySelector("input");
const paragraph = document.querySelector("p");
button.addEventListener("click", updateButton);
function updateButton() {
if (button.value === "Start machine") {
button.value = "Stop machine";
paragraph.textContent = "The machine has started!";
} else {
button.value = "Start machine";
paragraph.textContent = "The machine is stopped.";
}
}
O script recebe uma referência para o objeto HTMLInputElement
representando o <input>
no DOM, salvando esta referência na variável button
. addEventListener()
é então usado para criar uma função que será chamada quando o evento click
for executado no botão.
Adicionando atalhos de teclados aos botões
Keyboard shortcuts, also known as access keys and keyboard equivalents, let the user trigger a button using a key or combination of keys on the keyboard. To add a keyboard shortcut to a button — just as you would with any <input>
for which it makes sense — you use the accesskey
global attribute.
In this example, s is specified as the access key (you'll need to press s plus the particular modifier keys for your browser/OS combination; see accesskey for a useful list of those).
<form>
<input type="button" value="Start machine" accesskey="s" />
</form>
<p>The machine is stopped.</p>
Nota: The problem with the above example of course is that the user will not know what the access key is! In a real site, you'd have to provide this information in a way that doesn't intefere with the site design (for example by providing an easily accessible link that points to information on what the site accesskeys are).
Desativando e ativando um botão
To disable a button, simply specify the disabled
global attribute on it, like so:
<input type="button" value="Disable me" disabled />
You can enable and disable buttons at run time by simply setting disabled
to true
or false
. In this example our button starts off enabled, but if you press it, it is disabled using button.disabled = true
. A setTimeout()
function is then used to reset the button back to its enabled state after two seconds.
If the disabled
attribute isn't specified, the button inherits its disabled
state from its parent element. This makes it possible to enable and disable groups of elements all at once by enclosing them in a container such as a <fieldset>
element, and then setting disabled
on the container.
The example below shows this in action. This is very similar to the previous example, except that the disabled
attribute is set on the <fieldset>
when the first button is pressed — this causes all three buttons to be disabled until the two second timeout has passed.
Nota: Firefox will, unlike other browsers, by default, persist the dynamic disabled state of a <button>
across page loads. Use the autocomplete
attribute to control this feature.
Validação
Buttons não participam na validação; eles não tem um valor real para ser restringido.
Exemplos
The below example shows a very simple drawing app created using a <canvas>
element and some simple CSS and JavaScript (we'll hide the CSS for brevity). The top two controls allow you to choose the color and size of the drawing pen. The button, when clicked, invokes a function that clears the canvas.
<div class="toolbar">
<input type="color" aria-label="select pen color" />
<input
type="range"
min="2"
max="50"
value="30"
aria-label="select pen size" /><span class="output">30</span>
<input type="button" value="Clear canvas" />
</div>
<canvas class="myCanvas">
<p>Add suitable fallback here.</p>
</canvas>
var canvas = document.querySelector(".myCanvas");
var width = (canvas.width = window.innerWidth);
var height = (canvas.height = window.innerHeight - 85);
var ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
ctx.fillStyle = "rgb(0,0,0)";
ctx.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
var colorPicker = document.querySelector('input[type="color"]');
var sizePicker = document.querySelector('input[type="range"]');
var output = document.querySelector(".output");
var clearBtn = document.querySelector('input[type="button"]');
// covert degrees to radians
function degToRad(degrees) {
return (degrees * Math.PI) / 180;
}
// update sizepicker output value
sizePicker.oninput = function () {
output.textContent = sizePicker.value;
};
// store mouse pointer coordinates, and whether the button is pressed
var curX;
var curY;
var pressed = false;
// update mouse pointer coordinates
document.onmousemove = function (e) {
curX = window.Event
? e.pageX
: e.clientX +
(document.documentElement.scrollLeft
? document.documentElement.scrollLeft
: document.body.scrollLeft);
curY = window.Event
? e.pageY
: e.clientY +
(document.documentElement.scrollTop
? document.documentElement.scrollTop
: document.body.scrollTop);
};
canvas.onmousedown = function () {
pressed = true;
};
canvas.onmouseup = function () {
pressed = false;
};
clearBtn.onclick = function () {
ctx.fillStyle = "rgb(0,0,0)";
ctx.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
};
function draw() {
if (pressed) {
ctx.fillStyle = colorPicker.value;
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.arc(
curX,
curY - 85,
sizePicker.value,
degToRad(0),
degToRad(360),
false,
);
ctx.fill();
}
requestAnimationFrame(draw);
}
draw();
Especificações
Specification |
---|
HTML Standard # button-state-(type=button) |
Compatibilidade com navegadores
BCD tables only load in the browser
Veja também
<input>
and theHTMLInputElement
interface which implements it.- The more modern
<button>
element. - Compatibility of CSS properties