In this tutorial, you learn how to get started with Terraform by using Terraform to create a basic web server on Compute Engine.
In this tutorial, you do the following:
- Use Terraform to create a VM in Google Cloud.
- Start a basic Python Flask server.
Costs
In this document, you use the following billable components of Google Cloud:
To generate a cost estimate based on your projected usage,
use the pricing calculator.
When you finish the tasks that are described in this document, you can avoid continued billing by deleting the resources that you created. For more information, see Clean up.
Before you begin
Prepare to start the tutorial.
Select or create a project
-
In the Google Cloud console, go to the project selector page.
-
Select or create a Google Cloud project.
Set up permissions
Make sure that you have the necessary Compute Engine permissions on your user account:
compute.instances.*
compute.firewalls.*
Learn more about roles and permissions.
Enable the API
Enable the Compute Engine API.
Start Cloud Shell
Cloud Shell is a Compute Engine virtual machine.
The service credentials associated with this virtual machine are automatic, so there is no need to set up or download a service account key.
Terraform is integrated with Cloud Shell, and Cloud Shell automatically authenticates Terraform, letting you get started with less setup.
Create the Compute Engine VM
First, you define the VM's settings in a Terraform configuration file. Then, you run Terraform commands to create the VM in your project.
Create the directory
Create a new directory. In your new directory, create a
main.tf
file for the Terraform configuration. The contents of this file
describe all of the Google Cloud resources to be created in the project.
In Cloud Shell:
mkdir tf-tutorial && cd tf-tutorial
nano main.tf
Create the Virtual Private Cloud network and subnet
In this section, you create a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) network and subnet for the VM's network interface.
Add the following Terraform resources to the main.tf
file that you created:
Create the Compute Engine VM resource
In this section, you create a single Compute Engine instance running Debian. In this tutorial, you use the smallest machine type that's available. Later, you can upgrade to a larger machine type.
Add the following google_compute_instance
Terraform resource to the main.tf
file that you created.
The sample code sets the Google Cloud zone to us-west1-a
. You can change
this to a different zone.
Initialize Terraform
At this point, you can run terraform init
to add the necessary plugins and
build the .terraform
directory.
terraform init
Output:
Initializing the backend... Initializing provider plugins... ... Terraform has been successfully initialized!
Validate the Terraform configuration
Optionally, you can validate the Terraform code that you've built so far. Run
terraform plan
, which does the following:
- Verifies that the syntax of
main.tf
is correct - Shows a preview of the resources that will be created
terraform plan
Output:
... Plan: 1 to add, 0 to change, 0 to destroy. Note: You didn't use the -out option to save this plan, so Terraform can't guarantee to take exactly these actions if you run "terraform apply" now.
Apply the configuration
To create the VM, run terraform apply
.
terraform apply
When prompted, enter yes
.
Terraform calls Google Cloud APIs to set up the new VM. Check the VM instances page to see the new VM.
Run a web server on Google Cloud
Your next steps are getting a web application created, deploying it to the VM, and creating a firewall rule to allow client requests to the web application.
Add a custom SSH firewall rule
The default-allow-ssh
firewall rule in the default
network lets you use
SSH to connect to the VM. If you'd rather use your own custom firewall
rule, you can add the following resource at the end of your main.tf
file:
Run terraform apply
to create the firewall rule.
Connect to the VM with SSH
Validate that everything is set up correctly at this point by connecting to the VM with SSH.
Go to the VM Instances page.
Find the VM with the name
flask-vm
.In Connect column, click SSH.
An SSH-in-browser terminal window opens for the running VM.
For more information, see Connecting to VMs.
Build the Flask app
You build a Python Flask app for this tutorial so that you can have a single file describing your web server and test endpoints.
In the SSH-in-browser terminal, create a file called
app.py
.nano app.py
Add the following to the
app.py
file:from flask import Flask app = Flask(__name__) @app.route('/') def hello_cloud(): return 'Hello Cloud!' app.run(host='0.0.0.0')
Run
app.py
:python3 app.py
Flask serves traffic on
localhost:5000
by default.Open a second SSH connection:
- Go to the VM Instances page.
- Find the VM named
flask-vm
and click SSH.
In the second SSH connection, run
curl
to confirm that the greeting that you configured inapp.py
is returned.curl http://0.0.0.0:5000
The output from this command is
Hello Cloud
.
Open port 5000 on the VM
To connect to the web server from your local computer, the VM must have port 5000 open. Google Cloud lets you open ports to traffic by using firewall rules.
Add the following google_compute_firewall
Terraform resource at the end of your main.tf
file.
In Cloud Shell, run terraform apply
to create the firewall rule.
Add an output variable for the web server URL
At the end of
main.tf
, add a Terraform output variable to output the web server URL:// A variable for extracting the external IP address of the VM output "Web-server-URL" { value = join("",["https://",google_compute_instance.default.network_interface.0.access_config.0.nat_ip,":5000"]) }
Run
terraform apply
.terraform apply
When prompted, enter
yes
. Terraform prints the VM's external IP address and port 5000 to the screen, as follows:Web-server-URL = "http://IP_ADDRESS:5000"
At any time, you can run
terraform output
to return this output:terraform output
Click the URL from the previous step, and see the "Hello Cloud!" message.
This means that your server is running.
Troubleshooting
If a required API isn't enabled, Terraform returns an error. The error message includes a link to enable the API. After enabling the API, you can rerun
terraform apply
.If you can't connect to your VM through SSH:
- Make sure to add the SSH firewall rule.
- Make sure that your VM includes the
tags = ["ssh"]
argument.
Clean up
After completing the tutorial, you can delete everything that you created so that you don't incur any further costs.
Terraform lets you remove all the resources defined in the configuration file by
running the terraform destroy
command:
terraform destroy
Enter yes
to allow Terraform to delete your resources.
What's next
- Learn how to export your Google Cloud resources into Terraform format.