Havana-sindroom: Verskil tussen weergawes

Geskrapte inhoud Bygevoegde inhoud

Inlyn

Wysiging soos op 18:51, 1 April 2024

Havana-sindroom (formeel "afwykende gesondheidsinsidente"^[1]^[2]) is 'n mediese toestand wat deur Amerikaanse en Kanadese regeringsamptenare en militêre personeel gerapporteer word, hoofsaaklik in oorsese plekke. Gerapporteerde simptome wissel in erns van pyn en tuit in die ore tot kognitiewe disfunksie^[3]^[4] en is die eerste keer in 2016 deur Amerikaanse en Kanadese ambassadepersoneel in Havana, Kuba, aangemeld. Vanaf 2017 het meer mense, insluitend Amerikaanse intelligensie- en militêre personeel en hul gesinne, berig dat hulle hierdie simptome op ander plekke gehad het, soos China, Indië ^[5] Europa en Washington, D.C.^[6] Die mees onlangse studies van meer as 1 000 gerapporteerde gevalle van Havana-sindroom het buitelandse betrokkenheid in almal behalwe 'n paar dosyn gevalle uitgesluit.^[7]^[8]^[9]

In 2019 en 2020 het sommige Amerikaanse regeringsverteenwoordigers die voorvalle toegeskryf aan aanvalle deur ongeïdentifiseerde buitelandse akteurs,^[10] en verskeie Amerikaanse amptenare het die gerapporteerde simptome op 'n verskeidenheid van ongeïdentifiseerde en onbekende tegnologieë geblameer, insluitend ultraklank, mikrogolfwapens,^[11] plaagdoders, en gifstowwe.^[11] Alle voorgestelde oorsake was spekulatief aangesien geen onbetwiste bewyse ontdek is nie.^[12] Soos die storie ontwikkel het, en die Amerikaanse intelligensiedienste nie die oorsaak van die simptome kon bepaal nie, het Amerikaanse intelligensie- en regeringsamptenare vermoedens aan die pers uitgespreek dat Russiese militêre intelligensie verantwoordelik was.^[13]^[14]^[15] Vanaf 2022 het psigogeniese verklarings oorheersend geword, om verskeie redes: geen bekende wapens wat slegs die gerapporteerde simptome kon veroorsaak nie, geen bewyse van vyandige aanvalle, die verspreiding na talle onverwante plekke, en afwesigheid van skade aan brein of liggaam.^[16]^[17]^[18]

Vanaf 2022 is verskeie groot studies gepubliseer, en nie een van hulle het enige bewyse van betrokkenheid deur 'n vyandige mag gevind nie. In Januarie 2022 het die Central Intelligence Agency 'n tussentydse assessering uitgereik wat tot die gevolgtrekking gekom het dat die sindroom nie die gevolg is van "'n volgehoue wêreldwye veldtog deur 'n vyandige mag nie". Buitelandse betrokkenheid is uitgesluit in 976 gevalle van die 1 000 wat hersien is.^[19]^[9] In Februarie 2022 het 'n paneel kundiges saamgestel deur die Biden-administrasie 'n uitvoerende opsomming vrygestel waarin gesê word dat radiogolwe die oorsaak kan wees van beserings wat deur sommige CIA-beamptes en diplomate aangemeld is, maar die meerderheid van Havana-sindroom-voorvalle kan verklaar word deur stres of psigosomatiese reaksies.^[20] In Februarie 2022 het die Staatsdepartement 'n verslag deur die JASON Advisory Group vrygestel, wat verklaar het dat dit onwaarskynlik is dat 'n gerigte energie-aanval die gesondheidsinsidente veroorsaak het.^[21]

In Maart 2023 het sewe Amerikaanse intelligensie-agentskappe 'n hersiening van die voorgestelde gevalle van Havana-sindroom voltooi en 'n ongeklassifiseerde verslag vrygestel met die konsensus dat "beskikbare intelligensie konsekwent wys teen die betrokkenheid van Amerikaanse teëstanders om die gerapporteerde voorvalle te veroorsaak" en dat 'n buitelandse teenstander se betrokkenheid was "baie onwaarskynlik".^[7]^[22]Ten spyte van hierdie verslag, het Pentagon-befondsde eksperimente voortgegaan wat probeer het om Havana-sindroom by diere te herskep deur hulle vir lang tydperke aan RF-golwe bloot te stel.^[23] In Maart 2024 het die National Institutes of Health twee mediese studies gepubliseer wat mense evalueer wat simptome van Havana-sindroom rapporteer, en geen bewyse van breinbesering, onreëlmatige bloedbiomerkers of beroepsgestremdheid gevind nie.^[24]^[25]

Verwysings

↑ "Anomalous Health Incidents and the Health Incident Response Task Force" (in Engels (VSA)). United States Department of State. 5 November 2022. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 17 Desember 2022. Besoek op 11 Desember 2022.
↑ "FY2022 NDAA: Care for Anomalous Health Incident Victims" (in Engels (VSA)). Congressional Research Service. 7 Februarie 2022. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 12 Desember 2022. Besoek op 12 Desember 2022.
↑ Nelson R (Desember 2021). "Havana syndrome might be the result of energy pulses". Lancet. 396 (10267): 1954. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32711-2. PMID 33341130. S2CID 229306878.
↑ "The world this week, Oct 16th 2021 edition – Politics". The Economist. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 16 Augustus 2022. Besoek op 15 Oktober 2021.
↑ "Explained: CIA officer on India trip reports Havana Syndrome; what is known about its symptoms and causes so far". 24 September 2021. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 11 Julie 2022. Besoek op 21 Februarie 2022.
↑ Strobel, Warren P. (28 September 2021). "Havana Syndrome Attacks Widen With CIA Officer's Evacuation From Serbia". The Wall Street Journal (in Engels (VSA)). ISSN 0099-9660. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 9 Augustus 2022. Besoek op 28 September 2021.
↑ ^7,0 ^7,1 Wong, Julia Carrie (1 Maart 2023). "'Havana syndrome' not caused by foreign adversary, US intelligence says". The Guardian. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 2 Maart 2023. Besoek op 2 Maart 2023.
↑
*CUBA Unexplained Events Investigation - Final Report (PDF). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 3 Desember 2019. Geargiveer (PDF) vanaf die oorspronklike op 22 April 2021. Besoek op 10 Mei 2021.
- "CDC Report on the 'Havana Syndrome': Medical Mystery Remains Unresolved". National Security Archive, George Washington University. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 13 Mei 2022. Besoek op 7 Mei 2022.
↑ ^9,0 ^9,1 "CIA says 'Havana Syndrome' not result of sustained campaign by hostile power" (in Engels). NBC News. 20 Januarie 2022. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 28 Januarie 2022. Besoek op 20 Januarie 2022.
↑ Verwysingfout: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named HudsonHarris
↑ ^11,0 ^11,1 Verwysingfout: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named WilliamsHerb
↑ Chartrand, Luc; Movilla, Martin; Ellenwood, Lisa (19 September 2019). "Havana syndrome: Exposure to neurotoxin may have been cause, study suggests". Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 20 September 2019. Besoek op 20 September 2019.
↑ Greg Myre, CIA Recalls Vienna Station Chief In Move Related to Handling of 'Havana Syndrome' Geargiveer 20 November 2021 op Wayback Machine, NPR (24 September 2021).
↑ Verwysingfout: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named politicounit
↑ Adam Entous (31 Mei 2021). "Are U.S. Officials Under Silent Attack?". The New Yorker. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 1 Junie 2021. Besoek op 4 Junie 2021. Topamptenare in beide die Trump- en die Biden-administrasies vermoed privaat dat Rusland verantwoordelik is vir die Havana-sindroom. Hul werkhipotese is dat agente van die G.R.U., die Russiese weermag se intelligensiediens, mikrogolfbestralingstoestelle op Amerikaanse amptenare gerig het om intelligensie van hul rekenaars en selfone in te samel, en dat hierdie toestelle ernstige skade kan veroorsaak aan die mense wat hulle teiken.
↑ Vergano, Dan (30 September 2021). "A Declassified State Department Report Says Microwaves Didn't Cause "Havana Syndrome"". BuzzFeed News. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 30 September 2021. Besoek op 30 September 2021.
↑ Verwysingfout: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MPI
↑ Verwysingfout: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named biorxiv
↑ Barnes, Julian E. (20 Januarie 2022). "Most 'Havana Syndrome' Cases Unlikely Caused by Foreign Power, C.I.A. Says". The New York Times. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 29 Januarie 2022. Besoek op 21 Januarie 2022.
↑ Barnes, Julian E. (2 Februarie 2022). "Panel Says Some Havana Syndrome Cases May Stem From Radio Energy". The New York Times (in Engels (VSA)). ISSN 0362-4331. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 3 Februarie 2022. Besoek op 4 Februarie 2022.
↑ "An Analysis of Data and Hypotheses Related to the Embassy Incidents" (PDF). state.gov (in Engels (VSA)). United States Department of State. 10 Februarie 2022. Geargiveer (PDF) vanaf die oorspronklike op 14 Oktober 2022. Besoek op 19 Oktober 2022.
↑ Verwysingfout: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named WPost
↑ Verwysingfout: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named SELIGMAN1
↑ Verwysingfout: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Barnes
↑ "Despite symptoms, NIH research finds no evidence of ‘Havana syndrome’ in brain scans" Katie Bo Lillis Jen Christensen, CNN, 18 Maart 2024 https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/18/health/havana-syndrome-studies/index.html

[1] "Anomalous Health Incidents and the Health Incident Response Task Force" (in Engels (VSA)). United States Department of State. 5 November 2022. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 17 Desember 2022. Besoek op 11 Desember 2022.

[2] "FY2022 NDAA: Care for Anomalous Health Incident Victims" (in Engels (VSA)). Congressional Research Service. 7 Februarie 2022. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 12 Desember 2022. Besoek op 12 Desember 2022.

[pmid33341130-3] Nelson R (Desember 2021). "Havana syndrome might be the result of energy pulses". Lancet. 396 (10267): 1954. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32711-2. PMID 33341130. S2CID 229306878.

[The_Economist-4] "The world this week, Oct 16th 2021 edition – Politics". The Economist. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 16 Augustus 2022. Besoek op 15 Oktober 2021.

[5] "Explained: CIA officer on India trip reports Havana Syndrome; what is known about its symptoms and causes so far". 24 September 2021. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 11 Julie 2022. Besoek op 21 Februarie 2022.

[Strobel-6] Strobel, Warren P. (28 September 2021). "Havana Syndrome Attacks Widen With CIA Officer's Evacuation From Serbia". The Wall Street Journal (in Engels (VSA)). ISSN 0099-9660. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 9 Augustus 2022. Besoek op 28 September 2021.

[GuardianFeb2023-7] 7,0 ^7,1 Wong, Julia Carrie (1 Maart 2023). "'Havana syndrome' not caused by foreign adversary, US intelligence says". The Guardian. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 2 Maart 2023. Besoek op 2 Maart 2023.

[CDC-8] *CUBA Unexplained Events Investigation - Final Report (PDF). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 3 Desember 2019. Geargiveer (PDF) vanaf die oorspronklike op 22 April 2021. Besoek op 10 Mei 2021.
"CDC Report on the 'Havana Syndrome': Medical Mystery Remains Unresolved". National Security Archive, George Washington University. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 13 Mei 2022. Besoek op 7 Mei 2022.

[9] "CDC Report on the 'Havana Syndrome': Medical Mystery Remains Unresolved". National Security Archive, George Washington University. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 13 Mei 2022. Besoek op 7 Mei 2022.

[:2-9] 9,0 ^9,1 "CIA says 'Havana Syndrome' not result of sustained campaign by hostile power" (in Engels). NBC News. 20 Januarie 2022. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 28 Januarie 2022. Besoek op 20 Januarie 2022.

[HudsonHarris-10] Verwysingfout: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named HudsonHarris

[WilliamsHerb-11] 11,0 ^11,1 Verwysingfout: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named WilliamsHerb

[Chartrand2-12] Chartrand, Luc; Movilla, Martin; Ellenwood, Lisa (19 September 2019). "Havana syndrome: Exposure to neurotoxin may have been cause, study suggests". Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 20 September 2019. Besoek op 20 September 2019.

[Myre-13] Greg Myre, CIA Recalls Vienna Station Chief In Move Related to Handling of 'Havana Syndrome' Geargiveer 20 November 2021 op Wayback Machine, NPR (24 September 2021).

[politicounit-14] Verwysingfout: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named politicounit

[Entous-15] Adam Entous (31 Mei 2021). "Are U.S. Officials Under Silent Attack?". The New Yorker. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 1 Junie 2021. Besoek op 4 Junie 2021. Topamptenare in beide die Trump- en die Biden-administrasies vermoed privaat dat Rusland verantwoordelik is vir die Havana-sindroom. Hul werkhipotese is dat agente van die G.R.U., die Russiese weermag se intelligensiediens, mikrogolfbestralingstoestelle op Amerikaanse amptenare gerig het om intelligensie van hul rekenaars en selfone in te samel, en dat hierdie toestelle ernstige skade kan veroorsaak aan die mense wat hulle teiken.

[JASON22-16] Vergano, Dan (30 September 2021). "A Declassified State Department Report Says Microwaves Didn't Cause "Havana Syndrome"". BuzzFeed News. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 30 September 2021. Besoek op 30 September 2021.

[MPI-17] Verwysingfout: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MPI

[biorxiv-18] Verwysingfout: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named biorxiv

[:1-19] Barnes, Julian E. (20 Januarie 2022). "Most 'Havana Syndrome' Cases Unlikely Caused by Foreign Power, C.I.A. Says". The New York Times. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 29 Januarie 2022. Besoek op 21 Januarie 2022.

[20] Barnes, Julian E. (2 Februarie 2022). "Panel Says Some Havana Syndrome Cases May Stem From Radio Energy". The New York Times (in Engels (VSA)). ISSN 0362-4331. Geargiveer vanaf die oorspronklike op 3 Februarie 2022. Besoek op 4 Februarie 2022.

[JASON2021-21] "An Analysis of Data and Hypotheses Related to the Embassy Incidents" (PDF). state.gov (in Engels (VSA)). United States Department of State. 10 Februarie 2022. Geargiveer (PDF) vanaf die oorspronklike op 14 Oktober 2022. Besoek op 19 Oktober 2022.

[WPost-22] Verwysingfout: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named WPost

[SELIGMAN1-23] Verwysingfout: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named SELIGMAN1

[Barnes-24] Verwysingfout: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Barnes

[CNN3-25] "Despite symptoms, NIH research finds no evidence of ‘Havana syndrome’ in brain scans" Katie Bo Lillis Jen Christensen, CNN, 18 Maart 2024 https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/18/health/havana-syndrome-studies/index.html

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@@ Lyn 1: / Lyn 1: @@
-'''Havana-sindroom''' (formeel "'''afwykende gesondheidsinsidente'''"<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.state.gov/anomalous-health-incidents-and-the-health-incident-response-task-force/ |title=Anomalous Health Incidents and the Health Incident Response Task Force |publisher=United States Department of State |access-date=11 Desember 2022 |language=en-US |date=5 November 2022 |url-status=live |archive-date=17 Desember 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217231551/https://www.state.gov/anomalous-health-incidents-and-the-health-incident-response-task-force/ }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url=https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IN/IN11850| title=FY2022 NDAA: Care for Anomalous Health Incident Victims |publisher=Congressional Research Service | access-date=12 Desember 2022| language=en-US| date=7 Februarie 2022| url-status=live| archive-date=12 Desember 2022| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212172353/https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IN/IN11850}}</ref>) is 'n mediese toestand wat deur Amerikaanse en Kanadese regeringsamptenare en militêre personeel gerapporteer word, hoofsaaklik in oorsese plekke. Gerapporteerde simptome wissel in erns van pyn en tuit in die ore tot kognitiewe disfunksie<ref name="pmid33341130">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nelson R | title = Havana syndrome might be the result of energy pulses | journal = Lancet | volume = 396 | issue = 10267 | pages = 1954 | date = Desember 2021 | pmid = 33341130 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32711-2 | s2cid = 229306878 }}</ref><ref name="The Economist">{{cite news | title=The world this week, Oct 16th 2021 edition – Politics | newspaper=The Economist | url=https://www.economist.com/the-world-this-week/2021/10/16/politics | access-date=15 Oktober  2021 | archive-date=16 Augustus 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818040111/https://www.economist.com/the-world-this-week/2021/10/16/politics | url-status=live }}</ref> en is die eerste keer in 2016 deur Amerikaanse en Kanadese ambassadepersoneel in [[Havana]], [[Kuba]], aangemeld. Vanaf 2017 het meer mense, insluitend Amerikaanse intelligensie- en militêre personeel en hul gesinne, berig dat hulle hierdie simptome op ander plekke gehad het, soos [[China]], [[Indië]] <ref>{{Cite web|url = https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/cia-officer-on-india-trip-reports-havana-syndrome-symptoms-causes-7525418/ |title = Explained: CIA officer on India trip reports Havana Syndrome; what is known about its symptoms and causes so far|date = 24 September 2021|access-date = 21 Februarie 2022|archive-date = 11 Julie 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220711090305/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/cia-officer-on-india-trip-reports-havana-syndrome-symptoms-causes-7525418/|url-status = live}}</ref> Europa en Washington, D.C.<ref name=Strobel>{{Cite news|last=Strobel|first=Warren P.|date=28 September 2021|title=Havana Syndrome Attacks Widen With CIA Officer's Evacuation From Serbia|language=en-US|work=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/havana-syndrome-attacks-widen-as-cia-officer-is-evacuated-from-serbia-11632844044|access-date=September 28, 2021|issn=0099-9660|archive-date=9 Augustus 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809052241/https://www.wsj.com/articles/havana-syndrome-attacks-widen-as-cia-officer-is-evacuated-from-serbia-11632844044|url-status=live}}</ref> Die mees onlangse studies van meer as 1 000 gerapporteerde gevalle van Havana-sindroom het buitelandse betrokkenheid in almal behalwe 'n paar dosyn gevalle uitgesluit.<ref name =GuardianFeb2023>{{cite web |last1=Wong |first1=Julia Carrie |title='Havana syndrome' not caused by foreign adversary, US intelligence says |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/mar/01/havana-syndrome-us-intelligence-services-determine-no-foreign-adversaries |website=The Guardian |access-date=2 Maart 2023 |date=1 Maart 2023 |archive-date=2 Maart 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302000851/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/mar/01/havana-syndrome-us-intelligence-services-determine-no-foreign-adversaries |url-status=live }}</ref></ref><ref name="CDC">*{{Cite book
+'''Havana-sindroom''' (formeel "'''afwykende gesondheidsinsidente'''"<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.state.gov/anomalous-health-incidents-and-the-health-incident-response-task-force/ |title=Anomalous Health Incidents and the Health Incident Response Task Force |publisher=United States Department of State |access-date=11 Desember 2022 |language=en-US |date=5 November 2022 |url-status=live |archive-date=17 Desember 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217231551/https://www.state.gov/anomalous-health-incidents-and-the-health-incident-response-task-force/ }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url=https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IN/IN11850| title=FY2022 NDAA: Care for Anomalous Health Incident Victims |publisher=Congressional Research Service | access-date=12 Desember 2022| language=en-US| date=7 Februarie 2022| url-status=live| archive-date=12 Desember 2022| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212172353/https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IN/IN11850}}</ref>) is 'n mediese toestand wat deur Amerikaanse en Kanadese regeringsamptenare en militêre personeel gerapporteer word, hoofsaaklik in oorsese plekke. Gerapporteerde simptome wissel in erns van pyn en tuit in die ore tot kognitiewe disfunksie<ref name="pmid33341130">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nelson R | title = Havana syndrome might be the result of energy pulses | journal = Lancet | volume = 396 | issue = 10267 | pages = 1954 | date = Desember 2021 | pmid = 33341130 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32711-2 | s2cid = 229306878 }}</ref><ref name="The Economist">{{cite news | title=The world this week, Oct 16th 2021 edition – Politics | newspaper=The Economist | url=https://www.economist.com/the-world-this-week/2021/10/16/politics | access-date=15 Oktober  2021 | archive-date=16 Augustus 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818040111/https://www.economist.com/the-world-this-week/2021/10/16/politics | url-status=live }}</ref> en is die eerste keer in 2016 deur Amerikaanse en Kanadese ambassadepersoneel in [[Havana]], [[Kuba]], aangemeld. Vanaf 2017 het meer mense, insluitend Amerikaanse intelligensie- en militêre personeel en hul gesinne, berig dat hulle hierdie simptome op ander plekke gehad het, soos [[China]], [[Indië]] <ref>{{Cite web|url = https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/cia-officer-on-india-trip-reports-havana-syndrome-symptoms-causes-7525418/ |title = Explained: CIA officer on India trip reports Havana Syndrome; what is known about its symptoms and causes so far|date = 24 September 2021|access-date = 21 Februarie 2022|archive-date = 11 Julie 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220711090305/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/cia-officer-on-india-trip-reports-havana-syndrome-symptoms-causes-7525418/|url-status = live}}</ref> Europa en Washington, D.C.<ref name=Strobel>{{Cite news|last=Strobel|first=Warren P.|date=28 September 2021|title=Havana Syndrome Attacks Widen With CIA Officer's Evacuation From Serbia|language=en-US|work=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/havana-syndrome-attacks-widen-as-cia-officer-is-evacuated-from-serbia-11632844044|access-date=September 28, 2021|issn=0099-9660|archive-date=9 Augustus 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809052241/https://www.wsj.com/articles/havana-syndrome-attacks-widen-as-cia-officer-is-evacuated-from-serbia-11632844044|url-status=live}}</ref> Die mees onlangse studies van meer as 1 000 gerapporteerde gevalle van Havana-sindroom het buitelandse betrokkenheid in almal behalwe 'n paar dosyn gevalle uitgesluit.<ref name =GuardianFeb2023>{{cite web |last1=Wong |first1=Julia Carrie |title='Havana syndrome' not caused by foreign adversary, US intelligence says |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/mar/01/havana-syndrome-us-intelligence-services-determine-no-foreign-adversaries |website=The Guardian |access-date=2 Maart 2023 |date=1 Maart 2023 |archive-date=2 Maart 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302000851/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/mar/01/havana-syndrome-us-intelligence-services-determine-no-foreign-adversaries |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="CDC">*{{Cite book
 |url=https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/documents/cdc-report-havana-syndrome-medical-mystery-remains-unresolved/CDC%20%2320200983DOS255%20Final%20Report.pdf |title=CUBA Unexplained Events Investigation - Final Report|date=3 Desember  2019|publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=10 Mei 2021|archive-date=22 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422231026/https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/documents/cdc-report-havana-syndrome-medical-mystery-remains-unresolved/CDC%20%2320200983DOS255%20Final%20Report.pdf|url-status=live}}
 *{{cite web |title=CDC Report on the 'Havana Syndrome': Medical Mystery Remains Unresolved |url=https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/cuba/2021-02-02/cdc-report-havana-syndrome-medical-mystery-remains-unresolved |publisher=National Security Archive, George Washington University |access-date=7 Mei 2022 |archive-date=13 Mei 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513185407/https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/cuba/2021-02-02/cdc-report-havana-syndrome-medical-mystery-remains-unresolved |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":2" />