I-hyaluronic acid
I-Hyaluronic acid (/ˌhaɪ.əljʊəˈrɒnɪk/; i-HA efushanisiwe; i-conjugate base hyaluronate), ebizwa nangokuthi i-hyaluronan, iyi-anionic, i-non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan esakazeke kabanzi kuzo zonke izicubu zokuxhuma, i-epithelial, ne-neural. Iyingqayizivele phakathi kwama-glycosaminoglycans njengoba ingena-sulfated, ibunjwa emthonjeni we-plasma esikhundleni somshini we-Golgi, futhi ingaba nkulu kakhulu: i-HA yesintu ihlanganisa ama-Da ayizigidi ezingu-7 nge-molecule, noma ama-monomer e-disaccharide angaba ngu-20,000. Kuyilapho eminye imithombo ikhuluma ngama-Da ayi ayizigidi ezingu-3.4.[1][2]
Umuntu ovamile ongamakhilogremu angu-70 (150 lb) unamagremu angaba ngu-15 e-hyaluronan emzimbeni, ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yazo iphendulwa (okungukuthi, ihlakazekile futhi yenziwe) ngosuku.[3]
Njengenye yezingxenye eziyinhloko ze-extracellular matrix, i-Hyaluronic acid inikela kakhulu ekwandeni nasekuthutheni kwamangqamuzana. Ithuthukisa indlela yokunikeza amalutha, iqiniso nokuvumela ukubambisana kwamahlaya. Njengexenye yeqembu le-streptococcal extracellular capsule, i-Hyaluronic acid ihilelekile kakhulu futhi ikhuthaza indlela yokukhula kwezimila eziningi ezimbi. Kukholelwa ukuthi i-Hyaluronic acid idlala indima ebuthuthukiseni amalutha.[4][5][6][7]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Joint_Hydration_Supplement.jpg/220px-Joint_Hydration_Supplement.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Part_1.jpg/220px-Part_1.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Part_2_HA.jpg/220px-Part_2_HA.jpg)
Umlando
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]I-Hyaluronic acid yatholakala okokuqala nguKarl Meyer noJohn Palmer ngo-1934 emzimbeni we-vitreous emehlweni enkomo. Umkhiqizo wokuqala we-hyaluronan biomedical, i-Healon, wasungulwa ngawo-1970 nawo-1980 yi-Pharmacia, futhi wavunyelwa ukusetshenziswa ekuhlinzweni kwamehlo (okungukuthi, ukufakelwa kwe-cornea, ukuhlinzwa kwe-cataract, ukuhlinziwa kwe-glaucoma, kanye nokuhlinzwa kokulungisa ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal). Ezinye izinkampani ze-biomedical nazo zikhiqiza izinhlobo ze-hyaluronan zokuhlinzwa kwe-ophthalmic[8][9][10].
I-hyaluronic acid engokwemvelo inesikhathi esifushane sokuphila (okuboniswe konogwaja) ngakho-ke izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokukhiqiza ziye zasetshenziswa ukwelula ubude beketanga nokuqinisa i-molecule ukuze isetshenziswe kwezokwelapha. Ukungeniswa kwe-cross-links esekelwe kumaprotheni, ukungeniswa kwama-molecule ahlanzayo akhululekile njenge-sorbitol, kanye nokusimama okuncane kwamaketanga e-HA ngokusebenzisa amakhemikhali afana ne-NASHA (i-non-animal stabilized hyaluronic acid) zonke izindlela ezisetshenziselwe ukulondoloza ukuphila kwayo[11][12][13].
Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970, ukufakelwa kwe-intraocular lens kwakuvame ukulandelwa yi-corneal edema embi, ngenxa yokulimala kwe-endothelial cell ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Kwaba sobala ukuthi kwakudingeka i-lubricant enamathelayo, ecacile, ye-physiologic ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuhlakazeka okunjalo kwamangqamuzana e-endothelial[14][15].
Igama elithi "hyaluronan" liphinde lisetshenziselwe usawoti[16].
Izikhombo
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]- ↑ Hyaluronan: its nature, distribution, functions and turnover. p. 27–33.
- ↑ Differential effects of reactive oxygen species on native synovial fluid and purified human umbilical cord hyaluronate. p. 403–15.
- ↑ Hyaluronan catabolism: a new metabolic pathway. p. 317–25.
- ↑ Biosynthesis of hyaluronic acid by Streptococcus. p. 6252–6261. http://www.jbc.org/content/254/14/6252.full.pdf.
- ↑ Rao, S, Pham, TH, Poudyal, S, et al. First report on genetic characterization, cell-surface properties and pathogenicity of Lactococcus garvieae, emerging pathogen isolated from cage-cultured cobia (Rachycentron canadum). Transbound Emerg Dis. 2022; 69: 1197– 1211. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.14083
- ↑ Hyaluronic acid capsule is a virulence factor for mucoid group A streptococci. p. 8317–8321.
- ↑ Hyaluronic acid capsule and the role of streptococcal entry into keratinocytes in invasive skin infection. p. 1954–1958.
- ↑ Necas, J.; Bartosikova, L.; Brauner, P.; Kolar, J. (5 September 2008). "Hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan): a review". Veterinární Medicína 53 (8): 397–411. doi:10.17221/1930-VETMED.
- ↑ "Ophthalmic Viscosurgical Devices: History". Archived from the original on 2021-12-03. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2023-05-23.
- ↑ Bettenhausen, Craig (2021-05-02). "Hyaluronic acid is just getting started". cen.acs.org. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2022-05-04.
- ↑ "DUROLANE". Bioventus OA Knee Pain Relief.
- ↑ Avantaggiato, A; Girardi, A; Palmieri, A; Pascali, M; Carinci, F (August 2015). "Bio-Revitalization: Effects of NASHA on Genes Involving Tissue Remodeling.". Aesthetic Plastic Surgery 39 (4): 459–64. doi:10.1007/s00266-015-0514-8. PMID 26085225.
- ↑ "Hylan G-F 20 single-injection formulation". Drugs Aging 27 (1): 77–85. 2010. doi:10.2165/11203900-000000000-00000. PMID 20030435.
- ↑ Miller, D.; O'Connor, P.; William, J. (1977). "Use of Na-Hyaluronate during intraocular lens implantation in rabbits". Ophthal. Surg. 8: 58–61.
- ↑ Miller, D.; Stegmann, R. (1983). Healon: A Comprehensive Guide to its Use in Ophthalmic Surgery. New York: J Wiley.
- ↑ John H. Brekke; Gregory E. Rutkowski; Kipling Thacker (2011). "Chapter 19 Hyaluronan". In Jeffrey O. Hollinger. An Introduction to Biomaterials (2nd ed.).
Izixhumanisi zangaphandle
[hlela | Hlela umthombo]- Amakhodi e-ATC: D03AX05 (WHO), M09AX01 (WHO), R01AX09 (WHO), S01KA01 (WHO)
- Hyaluronan at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)