美國總統選舉阿肯色州選情
外觀
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選舉次數 | 46 |
---|---|
投給民主黨次數 | 32 |
投給共和黨次數 | 12 |
投給其他政黨次數 | 2[a] |
投給最終獲勝候選人次數 | 27 |
投給最終失敗候選人次數 | 19 |
阿肯色州為美國中南部的州[1],1836年6月加入聯邦以來,歷經46屆美國總統選舉。在政黨重組的1860年選舉,阿肯色州為10個未為共和黨籍候選人亞伯拉罕·林肯提供選票的蓄奴州之一[2]。之後約翰·C·布雷肯里奇以微弱優勢在阿肯色州勝出,成為首位在阿肯色州勝出的第三黨籍候選人[3]。是次選舉後不久,阿肯色州脫離美利堅合眾國,加入美利堅邦聯[4],於是未舉行1864年總統選舉[5]。南北戰爭後的1868年,阿肯色州重新加入合眾國[6]。在1872年選舉,阿肯色州全數共6張選舉人票因選舉舞弊指控等各種違規行為作廢[7]。
直至1964年,阿肯色州一直被認為是民主黨大本營,民主黨通常以巨大優勢在該州勝出,然而近來政黨重組導致共和黨占優[8]。在1968年總統選舉,美國獨立黨籍候選人喬治·華萊士成為第2個在阿肯色州勝出的第三黨籍候選人[9]。在1992年總統選舉,由於無黨籍候選人表現出色,阿肯色州成為唯一勝出者得票率超過50%的州[10],時任州長的民主黨籍候選人比爾·柯林頓以53.21%得票率在阿肯色州勝出[11]。然而1996年柯林頓連任以後,阿肯色州一直由共和黨勝出[12]。
總統選舉選情
[編輯]黨派圖示 |
---|
美國獨立黨(AI)
憲法黨(C)
憲法聯盟黨(CU)
民主黨(D)
迪克西民主黨(DI)
農工黨(FL)
綠黨(G)
綠背黨(GB)
無黨籍(I)
一無所知黨(KN)
工黨(19世紀)(L)
自由共和黨(LR)
自由意志黨(LI)
國家州權黨(NSR)
人民黨(PO)
人民黨(1984年)(PO-1984)
進步黨(1912年)(PR)
進步黨(1924年)(PR)
禁酒黨(PRO)
改革黨(RE)
共和黨(R)
美國社會黨(S)
南方民主黨(SD)
輝格黨(W)
註:雙劍標(‡)代表在全國最終勝出者。 |
1836至1856年
[編輯]年份 | 勝出者 | 第二位 | 選舉人票 | 參考文獻 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
候選人 | 得票數 | % | 候選人 | 得票數 | % | |||||
1836 | 馬丁·范布倫(D)‡ | 2,380 | 64.08% | 休·勞森·懷特(W) | 1,334 | 35.92% | 3 | |||
1840 | 馬丁·范布倫(D) | 6,679 | 56.42% | 威廉·亨利·哈里遜(W)‡ | 5,160 | 43.58% | 3 | |||
1844 | 詹姆士·K·波爾克(D)‡ | 9,546 | 63.01% | 亨利·克萊(W) | 5,604 | 36.99% | 3 | |||
1848 | 路易斯·卡斯(D) | 9,301 | 55.07% | 扎卡里·泰勒(W)‡ | 7,587 | 44.93% | 3 | |||
1852 | 富蘭克林·皮爾斯(D)‡ | 12,173 | 62.18% | 溫菲爾德·史考特(W) | 7,404 | 37.82% | 4 | |||
1856 | 詹姆士·布坎南(D)‡ | 21,910 | 67.12% | 米勒德·菲爾莫爾(KN) | 10,732 | 32.88% | 4 |
1860至1864年
[編輯]1860年選舉為複雜的政黨重組選舉,先前兩黨聯盟的破裂最終導致4個政黨爭奪國家各部分影響力[30]。選舉結果為奴隸制強烈反對者勝利,刺激11個州脫離美利堅合眾國,並引發南北戰爭[31]。
年份 | 勝出者 | 第二位 | 第三位 | 第四位 | 選舉人票 | 參考文獻 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
候選人 | 得票數 (%) |
候選人 | 得票數 (%) |
候選人 | 得票數 (%) |
候選人 | 得票數 (%) | |||||||
1860 | 約翰·C·布雷肯里奇 (SD) | 28,732 (53.06%) |
約翰·貝爾(CU) | 20,063 (37.05%) |
史蒂芬·A·道格拉斯(D) | 5,357 (9.89%) |
亞伯拉罕·林肯(R)‡ | –[b]
|
4 | |||||
1864 |
1868年至今
[編輯]年份 | 勝出者 | 第二位 | 其他候選人[c] | 選舉人票 | 參考文獻 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
候選人 | 得票數 | % | 候選人 | 得票數 | % | 候選人 | 得票數 | % | ||||||
尤利西斯·S·格蘭特(R)‡ | 22,112 | 53.68% | 霍拉肖·西摩(D) | 19,078 | 46.32% | -
|
-
|
-
|
5 | |||||
尤利西斯·S·格蘭特(R)‡ | 41,373 | 52.17% | 霍勒斯·格里利(LR)[d] | 37,927 | 47.83% | -
|
-
|
-
|
-[e]
|
|||||
塞繆爾·J·蒂爾頓(D) | 58,086 | 59.92% | 拉瑟福德·B·海斯(R)‡ | 38,649 | 39.87% | 彼得·庫珀(GB) | 211 | 0.22% | 6 | |||||
溫菲爾德·史考特·漢考克(D) | 60,489 | 55.56% | 詹姆士·A·加菲爾(R)‡ | 41,661 | 38.27% | 詹姆士·B·韋弗(GB) | 4,079 | 3.75% | 6 | |||||
格羅弗·克里夫蘭(D)‡ | 72,734 | 57.83% | 詹姆士·G·布萊恩(R) | 51,198 | 40.7% | 班傑明·F·巴特勒(GB) | 1,847 | 1.47% | 7 | |||||
格羅弗·克里夫蘭 | 86,062 | 54.8% | 班傑明·哈里遜(R)‡ | 59,752 | 38.04% | 阿爾松·J·斯特里特(L) | 10,630 | 6.77% | 7 | |||||
格羅弗·克里夫蘭(D)‡ | 87,834 | 59.3% | 班傑明·哈里遜(R) | 47,072 | 31.78% | 詹姆士·B·韋弗(PO) | 11,831 | 7.99% | 8 | |||||
威廉·詹寧斯·布萊恩(D) | 110,103 | 73.7% | 威廉·麥金萊(R)‡ | 37,512 | 25.11% | 約書亞·利弗林(PRO) | 889 | 0.6% | 8 | |||||
威廉·詹寧斯·布萊恩(D) | 81,242 | 63.49% | 威廉·麥金萊(R)‡ | 44,800 | 35.01% | 沃頓·巴克(PO) | 972 | 0.76% | 8 | |||||
奧爾頓·B·帕克(D) | 64,434 | 55.39% | 狄奧多·羅斯福(R)‡ | 46,760 | 40.2% | 湯瑪斯·E·華森(PO) | 2,318 | 1.99% | 9 | |||||
威廉·詹寧斯·布萊恩(D) | 87,020 | 57.31% | 威廉·霍華德·塔虎脫(R)‡ | 56,684 | 37.33% | 尤金·德布斯(S) | 5,842 | 3.85% | 9 | |||||
伍德羅·威爾遜(D)‡ | 68,814 | 55.01% | 威廉·霍華德·塔虎脫(R) | 25,585 | 20.45% | 狄奧多·羅斯福(PR) | 21,644 | 17.3% | 9 | |||||
伍德羅·威爾遜(D)‡ | 112,211 | 66.65% | 查爾斯·埃文斯·休斯(R) | 48,879 | 29.03% | 艾倫·L·本森(S) | 6,999 | 4.16% | 9 | |||||
詹姆士·M·考克斯(D) | 107,409 | 58.49% | 沃倫·G·哈定(R)‡ | 71,117 | 38.73% | 帕利·P·克里斯滕森(FL) | 5,111 | 2.78% | 9 | |||||
約翰·W·戴維斯(D) | 84,790 | 61.2% | 卡爾文·柯立芝(R)‡ | 40,583 | 29.29% | 勞勃·M·拉福萊特(PR) | 13,167 | 9.5% | 9 | |||||
阿爾·史密斯(D) | 119,196 | 60.28% | 赫伯特·胡佛(R)‡ | 77,784 | 39.34% | 諾曼·湯瑪斯(S) | 429 | 0.22% | 9 | |||||
富蘭克林·D·羅斯福(D)‡ | 186,829 | 86.27% | 赫伯特·胡佛(R) | 27,466 | 12.68% | 諾曼·湯瑪斯(S) | 1,166 | 0.59% | 9 | |||||
富蘭克林·D·羅斯福(D)‡ | 146,765 | 81.79% | 阿爾夫·蘭登(R) | 32,039 | 17.86% | 諾曼·湯瑪斯(S) | 446 | 0.25% | 9 | |||||
富蘭克林·D·羅斯福(D)‡ | 157,213 | 78.44% | 溫德爾·威爾基(R) | 42,121 | 21.02% | 羅傑·巴布森(PRO) | 793 | 0.4% | 9 | |||||
富蘭克林·D·羅斯福(D)‡ | 148,965 | 69.95% | 湯瑪斯·E·杜威(R) | 63,551 | 29.84% | 諾曼·湯瑪斯(S) | 438 | 0.21% | 9 | |||||
哈瑞·S·杜魯門(D)‡ | 149,659 | 61.72% | 湯瑪斯·E·杜威(R) | 50,959 | 21.02% | 斯特羅姆·瑟蒙德(DI) | 40,068 | 16.52% | 9 | |||||
阿德萊·史蒂文森(D) | 226,300 | 55.9% | 德懷特·D·艾森豪(R)‡ | 177,155 | 43.76% | 史都華·漢布倫(PRO) | 886 | 0.22% | 8 | |||||
阿德萊·史蒂文森(D) | 213,277 | 52.46% | 德懷特·D·艾森豪(R)‡ | 186,287 | 45.82% | T·科爾曼·安德魯斯(C) | 7,008 | 1.72% | 8 | |||||
約翰·F·甘迺迪(D)‡ | 215,049 | 50.19% | 理察·尼克森(R) | 184,508 | 43.06% | 奧瓦爾·福伯斯(NSR) | 28,952 | 6.76% | 8 | |||||
林登·B·詹森(D)‡ | 314,197 | 56.06% | 貝利·高華德(R) | 243,264 | 43.41% | 約翰·卡斯珀(NSR) | 2,965 | 0.53% | 6 | |||||
喬治·華萊士(AI) | 240,982 | 38.87% | 理察·尼克森(R)‡ | 190,759 | 30.77% | 休伯特·漢弗萊(D) | 188,228 | 30.36% | 6 | |||||
理察·尼克森(R)‡ | 448,541 | 68.87% | 喬治·麥戈文(D) | 198,892 | 30.54% | 約翰·G·施米茨(AI) | 2,887 | 0.44% | 6 | |||||
吉米·卡特(D)‡ | 499,614 | 65.09% | 傑拉德·福特(R) | 268,753 | 35.02% | 尤金·麥卡錫(I) | 647 | 0.08% | 6 | |||||
隆納·雷根(R)‡ | 403,164 | 48.13% | 吉米·卡特(D) | 398,041 | 47.52% | 約翰·B·安德森(I) | 22,468 | 2.68% | 6 | |||||
隆納·雷根(R)‡ | 534,774 | 60.47% | 華特·孟岱爾(D) | 338,646 | 38.29% | 大衛·伯格蘭(LI) | 2,221 | 0.25% | 6 | |||||
喬治·H·W·布希(R)‡ | 466,578 | 56.37% | 麥可·杜卡基斯(D) | 349,237 | 42.19% | 大衛·杜克(PO-1984) | 5,146 | 0.62% | 6 | |||||
比爾·柯林頓[f](D)‡ | 505,823 | 53.21% | 喬治·W·布希(R) | 337,324 | 35.48% | 羅斯·佩羅(I) | 99,132 | 10.43% | 6 | |||||
比爾·柯林頓[f](D)‡ | 475,171 | 53.74% | 鮑勃·多爾(R) | 325,416 | 36.8% | 羅斯·佩羅(RE) | 69,884 | 7.9% | 6 | |||||
喬治·W·布希(R)‡ | 472,940 | 51.31% | 阿爾·戈爾(D) | 422,768 | 45.86% | 拉爾夫·納德(G) | 13,421 | 1.46% | 6 | |||||
喬治·W·布希(R)‡ | 572,898 | 54.31% | 約翰·凱瑞(D) | 469,953 | 44.55% | 拉爾夫·納德(I) | 6,171 | 0.58% | 6 | |||||
約翰·麥肯(R) | 638,017 | 58.72% | 巴拉克·歐巴馬(D)‡ | 422,310 | 38.86% | 拉爾夫·納德(I) | 12,882 | 1.19% | 6 | |||||
米特·羅姆尼(R) | 647,744 | 60.57% | 巴拉克·歐巴馬(D)‡ | 394,409 | 36.88% | 加里·約翰遜(LI) | 16,276 | 1.52% | 6 | |||||
唐納·川普(R)‡ | 684,872 | 60.57% | 希拉蕊·柯林頓(D) | 380,494 | 33.65% | 加里·約翰遜(LI) | 29,829 | 2.64% | 6 | |||||
唐納·川普(R) | 760,647 | 62.4% | 喬·拜登(D)‡ | 423,932 | 34.78% | 喬·喬根森(LI) | 13,133 | 1.08% | 6 |
圖表
[編輯]下圖顯示歷屆總統選舉民主黨與共和黨阿肯色州得票率差。Y軸上高於原點的值為民主黨得票率高於共和黨的差值,低於原點的值之絕對值為共和黨得票率高於民主黨的差值。
![]() | 由於已知的技術原因,圖表暫時不可用。帶來不便,我們深表歉意。 |
註釋
[編輯]參考文獻
[編輯]來源
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引用
[編輯]- Guide to U.S. Elections. SAGE Publications. 2010. ISBN 978-1-60426-536-1.
- Burnham, Walter Dean. Presidential ballots, 1836–1892. Johns Hopkins University Press. 1955. LCCN 55008428. OL 6176796M.
- Presidential elections, 1789–1996. Congressional Quarterly. 1997. ISBN 978-1-56802-065-5. LCCN 97019084. OL 673017M.