超空蝕效應

超空穴效應（英文：Supercavitation）利用空穴效應製造了含有氣體的泡沫膜，而這個泡沫膜大到足以包含物體本身，使其在泡沫膜中行駛減少摩擦力，來達到極高速度。除去移動方向的部分，物體因為不與水接觸，基本上不會與水摩擦，因此能在水中超高速前進。目前的應用主要限於自動推進武器（如火箭、魚雷、導彈等），但理論上，該技術可以擴展到包括車輛、飛機和潛艇等載具。^[1]

物理原理

在水中，如果水的壓力低於蒸氣壓時，就会产生空穴。当水流过一个移动金属物件的尖锐转角，被加到较高的速度时，压强会迅速降至低于蒸气压的水平，此时超空蚀效应便会发生。常见于轮船螺旋桨和泵桨叶的边缘。水越深（水压越高），外界压强和蒸气压的差距越大，流体被加速时就越不容易产生超空蚀现象。

參考資料

^ Ashley, S. (2001, May). Warp drive underwater. Scientific American

Office of Naval Research (2004, June 14). Mechanics and energy conversion: high-speed (supercavitating) undersea weaponry (D&I). Retrieved April 12, 2006, from http://www.onr.navy.mil/ （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Savchenko Y. N. (n.d.). CAV 2001 - Forth Annual Symposium on Cavitation - California Institute of Technology Retrieved April 9, 2006, from https://web.archive.org/web/20060215234514/http://cav2001.library.caltech.edu/159/00/Savchenko.pdf
Hargrove, J. (2003). Supercavitation and aerospace technology in the development of high-speed underwater vehicles. In 42nd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Texas A&M University.
Kirschner et al. (2001, October) Supercavitation research and development. Undersea Defense Technologies
Ashley, S. (2001, May). Warp drive underwater. Scientific American
Miller, D. (1995). Supercavitation: going to war in a bubble. Jane's Intelligence Review. Retrieved Apr 14, 2006, from http://www.janes.com/ （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Graham-Rowe, & Duncan. (2000). Faster than a speeding bullet. NewScientist, 167(2248), 26-30.
Tulin, M. P. (1963). Supercavitating flows - small perturbation theory. Laurel, Md, Hydronautics Inc.

參考書目

Gertz, Bill (August 23, 2001). "Russian book sheds light on missile". Washington Times: p. A.4.
Office of Naval Research (2004, June 14). Mechanics and energy conversion: high-speed (supercavitating) undersea weaponry (D&I). Retrieved April 12, 2006, from http://www.onr.navy.mil/ （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Savchenko Y. N. (n.d.). CAV 2001 - Forth Annual Symposium on Cavitation - California Institute of Technology Retrieved April 9, 2006, from https://web.archive.org/web/20060215234514/http://cav2001.library.caltech.edu/159/00/Savchenko.pdf
Hargrove, J. (2003). Supercavitation and aerospace technology in the development of high-speed underwater vehicles. In 42nd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Texas A&M University.
Kirschner et al. (2001, October) Supercavitation research and development. Undersea Defense Technologies
Ashley, S. (2001, May). Warp drive underwater. Scientific American
Miller, D. (1995). Supercavitation: going to war in a bubble. Jane's Intelligence Review. Retrieved Apr 14, 2006, from http://www.janes.com/ （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Graham-Rowe, & Duncan. (2000). Faster than a speeding bullet. NewScientist, 167(2248), 26-30.
Tulin, M. P. (1963). Supercavitating flows - small perturbation theory. Laurel, Md, Hydronautics Inc.

外部链接

Empire（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） — Science fiction website centered around envisaged supercavitation technology
Diehl BGT Defence's "Barracuda" - a german supercavitating Torpedo
DARPA Underwater Express Program
Global Security.org on Supercavitation （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Supercavitation Research Group at the University of Minnesota （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
How to Build a Supercavitating Weapon, Scientific American

[1] Ashley, S. (2001, May). Warp drive underwater. Scientific American

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