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Tēng-gī

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Tēng-gī sī tùi chi̍t hāng piáu-tat ê ké-soeh kiam sán-seng che ké-soeh ê khang-khòe. Siū tio̍h tēng-gī ê tùi-siòng kiò chò pī-tēng-gī-hāng (eng. definiendum), nā thê-kiong tēng-gī ê tîn-su̍t thang kiò tēng-gī-kù (definiens). Pí-lūn tī thâu-chêng ê tîn-su̍t lāi-té, "tēng-gī" chi̍t-ê jī-sû chiū sī pī-tēng-gī-hāng, nā āu-piah ê ké-soeh bûn-kù "sī tùi chi̍t hāng piáu-tat ê ké-soeh...", chiū sī tēng-gī-kù.[1]

Si̍t-chāi kap miâ-gī tēng-gī

[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]

Tùi John Locke si̍t-chāi pún-chit (real essence) kap miâ-gī pún-chit (nominal essence) koan-liām lâi hoat-tián, thang kā tēng-gī khu-hun chhut si̍t-chāi kap miâ-gī nn̄g khoán. Bó͘ chi̍t iōng-gí ê si̍t-chāi tēng-gī sī su-iàu tiâu-cha mi̍h-kiāⁿ pún-sin lâi liáu-kái--ê; nā miâ-gī tēng-gī sī su-iàu óa-khò tiāu-cha hit jī ê ì-sù kap sú-iōng lâi liáu-kái.[2]

Jī-tián tēng-gī

[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]

Chi̍t hāng jī-tián-sek ê tēng-gī, sī siat-kè beh thê-kiong chhiong-chiok ê chu-sìn piáu-tat, lâi chè-chō tùi iōng-gí ê chi̍t chióng lí-kái. Chóng-sī pí-lūn nā tiat-ha̍k-kài tùi ēng-gí tēng-gī ê thó-lūn, it-poaⁿ m̄-sī jī-tián thang thê-kiong--ê.[2]

Iok-sok-sek tēng-gī

[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]

Iok-sok-sek (stipulative) tēng-gī sī chiam-tùi siū tēng-gī ê iōng-gí siat-tēng ì-sù, jî-chhiá m̄-bián chham-khó iōng-gí chá-chêng ê sú-iōng lí-lō͘. Pí-lūn nā kóng "Jack the Ripper sī bô͘-sat X, YX, Y kap ZZ ê lâng" chit khoán tîn-su̍t, pī-tēng-gī ê Jack the Ripper sī kò͘-tēng tùi-siòng ê lâng-miâ, m̄-koh āu-piah ê ké-soeh m̄-sī kò͘-tēng--ê, i bô hoat-tō͘ chin-chiàⁿ kap Jack the Ripper hō͘-siōng thè-ōaⁿ, só͘-í koh ài ka-thiam iok-sok ê tîn-su̍t ", nā sī hia bô͘-sat-àn sī choan-bûn chi̍t-ê lâng chhòng--ê" chìn chi̍t-pō͘ hān-tēng tùi-siòng.[2]

Kì-su̍t-sek tēng-gī

[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]

Kì-su̍t-sek (descriptive) tēng-gī, tû-liáu kóng-bêng ì-sù, mā beh móa-chiok kì-tēng ê sú-iōng. Pún khoán ê tēng-gī chiàu in móa-chiok ê thêng-tō͘ koh thang khu-hun chò saⁿ téng: gōa-chāi-sèng (extensional), lōe-chāi-sèng (intensional), kap kám-siū-sèng (sense).[2]

Ké-soeh-sek tēng-gī

[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]

Ké-soeh-sek (explicative) tēng-gī sī te̍k-pia̍t chun-siú bó͘ chi̍t iōng-gí chòe tiong-sim pō͘-hūn ê sú-iōng hong-sek, koh tùi gōa-gûi pō͘-hūn ēng iok-sok ê hêng-sek chhù-lí. Ké-soeh tēng-gī thang hông ēng tī chi̍t kóa put-oân-boán ê khài-liām.[2]

Tēng-gī kap bûn-me̍h

[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]

Tēng-gī ê tîn-su̍t su-iàu chiap-siū-chiá tùi tēng-gī-kù sū-sian ê liáu-kái, chiah thang thê-chhut thang tùi-tâng pī-tēng-gī-hāng ê tēng-gī-kù. Ū-ê tēng-gī khah pit-iàu óa-khò bûn-me̍h, ia̍h chiū sī pōe-kéng chu-sìn lâi chi-chhî, pí-lūn kóng "a-pah sī pē-bú lāi-bīn cha-po͘ hit--ê" chi̍t khoán tîn-su̍t. Koh-lâi ū chi̍t chióng tēng-gī, tēng-gī-kù lāi-bīn koh ēng tio̍h pī-tēng-gī-hāng, pí-lūn kóng "x sī y ê ti̍t-chiap chó͘-sian, nā kan-ta tng (if and only if) x sī y ê pē-bú he̍k-chiá x sī y ê ti̍t-chiap chó͘-sian" chi̍t khoán tîn-su̍t, tī tēng-gī-kù koh ēng tio̍h chi̍t pái pī-tēng-gī-hāng, chi̍t khoán chêng-hêng hō chò chài-kui (recursive).[1]

  1. 1.0 1.1 G. Longworth (2009). "Definitions: Uses and Varieties of". Concise Encyclopedia of Philosophy of Language and Linguistic. Elsevier Science. ISBN 9780080965017. 
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Anil Gupta. "Definitions". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. The Metaphysics Research Lab. ISSN 1095-5054. 2017-05-07 khòaⁿ--ê.