ⵎⵉⵚⵕⴰ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/All_Gizah_Pyramids.jpg/220px-All_Gizah_Pyramids.jpg)
ⴷⴼⴼⵛ ⵎⵉⵚⵕⴰ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ ⵉ ⵜⵜ ⵜⴰⵖⵔⵎⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵏⵏⵉⵍ ⴳ 3100 ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ ⵉ 332 ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ , ⵜⵜⵛⵏⴰⵄ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵏⵜⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴷⴰⴳⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⴱⴰⵔⴰⵔⵜ , ⴰⵎ ⵉⵣⵓⵎⴰⴳ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵓⵎⴰⵖ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⵢⴷⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜ ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⴱⵖⵓⵔ , ⴰⴳⵯⴷ ⵉⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵥⵓⵕⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵉⴳⵣⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ , ⵜⵉⴽⵔⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⵉⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵎⵉⵚⵕⴰ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⴽⴷ ⴰⵙⵍⵍⴱ ⵏ ⴼⵉⵔⵄⴰⵡⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴳⵣⵣⴰⵏⵏ, ⵉⵎⴰⵔⴰⵏ, ⵉⵡⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜ, ⵉⴼⵍⵍⴰⵃⵏ, ⵜ ⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵚⵕⴰ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ ⵉⵄⵏⵉ ⴰⵖⵉⵔⵉⵏ ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⵙⵓⴳⵔ ⴰⵎⴷⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴳ ⴰⵅⵉⵕⴰ,ⵎⴽⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⴳ ⴰⴷⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ , ⵉⴱⵣⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵚⵕⴰ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ ⴳ ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⵎ ⴰⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⴰⵔⵔⴰ ⴰⵀⵉⵔⵓⴳⵍⵉⴼⵉ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵎⵍⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ , ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ , ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵊⵊⵉⵜ
ⵉⵙⵎ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵎⵉⵚⵕⴰ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ , ⵜⵄⵏⴰ ⵜⵜⵙⵎⵎⴰ " ⴽⴻⵎⴻⵜ " ⴷ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏⵏⵙ " ⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⴰⴱⵅⵅⴰⵏ " ⴰⵎ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵉ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⵙⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵎ ⵏ ⵏⵏⵉⵍ
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Nile_R02.jpg/220px-Nile_R02.jpg)
ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵎⵉⵚⵕⴰ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵅⵟⵟⵏⵏ 3100 ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ ⴰⴽⴷ ⴰⵙⵢⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵚⵕⴰ ⵏ ⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵎⵉⵚⵕⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴷⴷⴰⵡⵜ ⴳ ⴰⵙⵍⵍⴱ l ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵏⴰⵕⵎⴻⵕ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵍⵉⴽ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵉⵅⴰⵏⴷⵔⵓ ⴰⵏⵓⴼⵍⴰⵢ ⴳ 332 ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ
ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⴰⵙⴳⴷ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵜⵉⵎⵖⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵙⴳⴷ ⴳ ⵎⵉⵚⵕⴰ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⴽⴷ ⴰⴽⵯⵔⵎⵉⵙ ⵉⴽⵓⵛⵏ ⴰⵎ ( ⵕⴰⵄ , ⵓⵙⵉⵔⵉⵙ , ⵉⵙⵉⵙ , ⵃⵓⵕⵓⵙ ) ⴷ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⴽⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵙⴳⴷ ⴰⵎ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Horus_standing.svg/220px-Horus_standing.svg.png)
ⴰⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⴰⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⵜⵓⵟⵟⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵚⵕⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵏⵎⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔⵏ ⴰⴳⴳⵯⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵉⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵉⵔⴷⵉⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵎⵊⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵏⴳⵏⴰⴳⵏ ⴰⴽⴷ ⴰⴷⵔⴰⵣ
ⴰⵅⵔⵣⵉ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]ⵉⴼⵔⴷⴰⵙ ⵏ ⴰⵅⵔⵣⵉ ⴰⵎⵉⵚⵕⵉ ⴰⵎ : ⴰⵎⵜⵛⵓ ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⵎ ⴰⵖⵔⵓⵎ , ⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴹⵉⵍ , ⵉⵛⴰⴽⴰⵏ , ⵉⴳⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⴰⵎ ⵜⴰⵣⴰⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵢⵏⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴽⵙⵎⴰⵏ , ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵉⵜⴰⵏ , ⵉⵣⵉⵎⵔ , ⴰⴼⵓⵍⵍⵓⵙ ⴳ ⴰⵣⵎⵣⵣⵓ : ⵜⴰⵙⵍⴰⵍⵍⴰ , ⵜⴰⵎⵎⴻⵎⵜ , ⵜⵉⵎⵔⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵇⵉⴷⴷⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵥⵓⵉⵡⵉⵏ
ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]