Legal Studies

Schools and community engagement are seen as effective factors for making schools a thoughtful place. This case- study employed mixed methodology to explore the phenomena of parent involvement and to know the exact characteristics of the leadership style in the school. This case study examined and described school leaders’ perspectives, attitudes and practices towards parents’ involvement in an Abu Dhabi primary school using a variety of data sources including, interviews, open-ended teachers’ questionnaires, school self-assessment surveys and mothers’ council self-assessment surveys. The findings revealed that the school leaders effectively employ multiple collaborative, shared and transformational leadership practices to improve parent/family volunteering. Teachers and parents have good communications. The mothers’ council and the administration enhanced many different parental activities. There are some barriers in parents ‘participation like language and the lack of the awarenes...

Electronic transactions are an important development to traditional commerce. People (including government entities), nowadays, buy goods without going to the traditional markets because they find their needs and buy them via the Internet. This development of commerce, which results from developments in communication technology, has proliferated and facilitated marketing across a wide range of stakeholders, some of which has resulted in deceit and cheating. This happens when merchants exploit the remoteness between their products and government departments by delivering goods which differ from those that have been agreed upon. Or, it may happen when merchants falsely describe their products. These methods of deceit and cheating are addressed in Islamic law by legislating the option of sight which gives the purchaser right to rescind the contract upon viewing the item. This analytical study discusses the appropriateness of the option of sight with administrative e-purchases in view o...

There is some states have been criticised in a number of methods for their perceived lack of good governance, political injustice and the dictatorial system of the government. This paper is an attempt to discover theories and principles of good governance in the Islamic legal system. It is also an attempt to cover some of the important principles which are relevant to a discourse on Islamic politics and how these principles can be used to establish good governance in Islamic states. This paper also attempts to observe the incorporation of constitutional framework of good governance in under the Islamic law. To argue this case, I employ the historical and descriptive analytical method to engage the Islamic heritage in search of illustrative examples from the historical and Islamic civilization

Rapid changes have tested and will continue to test the limits of liability in tort law. To date, much pressure has been applied to the principles governing the liability of a holding company since the doctrine of veil piercing has fallen out of favor with many courts. This article studies the legal basis of the holding’s liability for its subsidiary’s debts in the light of two contradicting principles: The ‘legal independence’ and the ‘economic dependence’ of the subsidiary. The study concludes that it makes no sense to make the holding company carry out full custody of its subsidiaries, but meanwhile, parties injured by subsidiaries can make a claim on the holding if a direct duty of care has been breached. Therefore, much wisdom is needed to estimate the civil responsibility of the holding company. Thus, this article analyses the court decisions, laws, and policy considerations governing a holding company’s liability in the UAE and Egypt.

Responding to the rapid growth of microfinance institutions around the world, this paper attempts to explore the main aspects of the current debate on the regulation and supervision of microfinance in Egypt. This paper mainly argues that appropriate regulation and supervision of microfinance is critically important as there is broad awareness that poor people have different financial service needs. In order to reach its full potential and further grow as a credible development tool in Egypt, the microfinance industry must eventually be able to enter the area of licensed, supervised financial intermediation to be able to capture and minimize any financial crisis or crimes that may possibly occur. Having said this, microfinance regulation and supervision is complex and filled with challenges. Regulators will also have to weigh the potential costs of regulation and supervision to avoid consequences of regulation, particularly in regard to innovation and healthy competition meanwhile, p...

Rapid changes have tested and will continue to test the limits of liability in tort law. To date, much pressure has been applied to the principles governing the liability of a holding company since the doctrine of veil piercing has fallen out of favor with many courts. This article studies the legal basis of the holding’s liability for its subsidiary’s debts in the light of two contradicting principles: The ‘legal independence’ and the ‘economic dependence’ of the subsidiary. The study concludes that it makes no sense to make the holding company carry out full custody of its subsidiaries, but meanwhile, parties injured by subsidiaries can make a claim on the holding if a direct duty of care has been breached. Therefore, much wisdom is needed to estimate the civil responsibility of the holding company. Thus, this article analyses the court decisions, laws, and policy considerations governing a holding company’s liability in the UAE and Egypt.

In Egypt, the Central Bank of Egypt is working to launch a new phase of financial technology, as one of the pillars of promotion of economic reform, and an effective and supportive mechanism for integrating the informal economy for individuals and institutions within the structure of the official economy of the state, and a way to Reality to raise and improve the standard of living and reduce poverty rates by containing certain segments of society from the marginalized, low-income and owners of small, medium and micro enterprises. The methodologies used explain the current state of financial inclusion and financial technology in Egypt, as well as the development of a law regulating and developing the use of financial technologies in non-banking financial activities in order to develop a mechanism for integrating the informal economy. The findings showed that enhancing the efficiency of the financial system and the effectiveness of monetary policy, are reflected in terms of financial...

Metaverses introduce new legal and regulatory issues that deserve our attention. As a virtual environment that combines blockchain, artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and cryptocurrency, it has great ability to change society. However, this potential is inherently complex and risky, requiring extensive knowledge and adaptation to existing laws and regulations. This article discusses the potential of the Metaverse to revolutionize business transactions. It highlights the legal challenges of protecting customers in the virtual world, including the use of NFTs, blockchain technology and smart contracts. Examines the regulatory environment under UAE law, focusing on contracts between Metaverse users. This article highlights that while these theoretical issues are not new, the scope of virtual universes and their potential social impacts can sometimes alter these principles in unpredictable ways. Technical experts, practitioners and regulators must remain sensitive to these changes to develop the right mix of user controls, industry practices and regulatory oversight. In this article, we examine the implications and challenges of protecting consumer rights in virtual universes under current regulations and future strategies in the UAE. The article demonstrates that collaboration between UNCITRAL, national governments and private sector stakeholders is critical to strengthening consumer rights in virtual worlds.