SlideShare a Scribd company logo

limbic system.pptx

•Download as PPTX, PDF•
•
D
DrAbdifatahAbdiAli

The document discusses the limbic system and reticular formation. It describes the limbic system as a collection of brain structures involved in emotion, memory, and olfaction. The key components are the limbic lobes, hippocampus, amygdala, and septal area. The hippocampus is important for forming new memories. The amygdala is involved in emotions like fear and aggression. Lesions can cause disorders like Korsakoff's psychosis, temporal lobe epilepsy, and Alzheimer's disease. The reticular formation is involved in consciousness, and lesions can lead to conditions like coma, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia.

1 of 23
Download to read offline
KAMPALA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY- WC DEPARTMENT OF SURGERY ADVANCED ANATOMY II LIMBIC SYSTEM AND RETICULAR FORMATION Lecturer:- Dr Abdifatah Abdi Ali 1 3/30/2023
outline Introduction Components Functions Lesions associate with disorders 2 3/30/2023
INTRODUCTION Limbic system was a term loosely used to describe the part of the brain between the cerebral cortex and the hypothalamus, a little understood area of the brain. Today, it is known to play a vital role in emotion, behavior, memory and olfaction. 3 3/30/2023
INTRODUCTION  The term "limbic" is from the Latin word Limbus, for "border" or "edge“, it is also means ring.  It separates the medial surface of the cerebral cortex from the diencephalon  It consists of a number of cortical & subcortical structures with looped connections that all project to the hypothalamus 4 3/30/2023
COMPONENTS The limbic system is composed of: Nuclei Fiber bundles 5 3/30/2023
COMPONENTS: Nuclei 1. Limbic lobes: 3 parts: Cingulate gyrus, Para-hippocampal gyrus, Uncus 2. Hyppocampal formation: hippocampus, Dentate gyrus 3. Mamillary body: Hypothalamus 4. Thalamus: Anterior nucleus, Medial nucleus 5. Prefrontal cortex 6. Amygdaloid nucleus 7. Septal area 8. Habenular nucleus 6 3/30/2023
COMPONENTS: Nuclei 1. Limbic lobes: 3 parts: Cingulate gyrus, Para-hippocampal gyrus, Uncus 2. Hyppocampal formation: hippocampus, Dentate gyrus 3. Mamillary body: Hypothalamus 4. Thalamus: Anterior nucleus, Medial nucleus 5. Prefrontal cortex 6. Amygdaloid nucleus 7. Septal area 8. Habenular nucleus 7 3/30/2023
COMPONENTS: Nuclei 1. Limbic lobes: 3 parts: Cingulate gyrus, Para-hippocampal gyrus, Uncus 2. Hyppocampal formation: hippocampus, Dentate gyrus 3. Mamillary body: Hypothalamus 4. Thalamus: Anterior nucleus, Medial nucleus 5. Prefrontal cortex 6. Amygdaloid nucleus 7. Septal area 8. Habenular nucleus 8 3/30/2023
COMPONENTS: Nuclei 1. Limbic lobes: 3 parts: Cingulate gyrus, Para- hippocampal gyrus, Uncus 2. Hyppocampal formation: hippocampus, Dentate gyrus 3. Mamillary body: Hypothalamus 4. Thalamus: Anterior nucleus, Medial nucleus 5. Prefrontal cortex 6. Amygdaloid nucleus 7. Septal area 8. Habenular nucleus 9 3/30/2023
COMPONENTS: Fiber bundles Connection between Nucleis Fiber bundle Limbic lobe Cingulum Hippocampus/Mamillary body Fornix Mamillary body/Anterior thalamic nucleus Mamillothalamic tract Medial thalamic nucleus/Prefrontal cortex Antero thalamic radiation Amygdaloid nucleus/septal area Stria terminalis Septal area/habernular nucleus Stria medullaris thalami 10 3/30/2023
11 3/30/2023
LIMBIC SYSTEM  components structures: limbic cortex(lobes), amygdala, Hippocampus and septal area. The structures form connections between the limbic system and the hypothalamus, thalamus and cerebral cortex The hippocampus ( in memory and learning), the limbic system( in the control of the emotional responses). 12 3/30/2023
LIMBIC SYSTEM Cortical structures: Limbic lobe, Hippocampal formation, Septal areas(fornix connecting the hippocampus with mammillary bodies and septal nuclei and prefrontal area(olfactory cortex) 13 3/30/2023
LIMBIC SYSTEM Limbic lobe: C-shaped ring of Grey matter on the medial side of each cerebral hemisphere, surrounding the corpus callosum. It includes: subcollosal area, cingulate gyrus, isthmus, parahippocampal, uncus 14 3/30/2023
LIMBIC SYSTEM Hippocampus: it is a limbic system structure that involved in FOS( formation organization and storage of memories), important in forming new memories and connecting, emotions and senses such as smell and sound , to memories paired structures in each cerebral hemisphere. It is as a memory indexer by sending memories to the appropriate part of the cerebral hemisphere for long-term storage and retrieving them when necessary 15 3/30/2023
LIMBIC SYSTEM Hippocampus: Site: scrolled ( infolding) structure in the inferomedial part of the temporal lobe Fonction: memory(file new memories as they occur) The hippocampus connection are necessary for consolidation of new short term memoies Its principal efferent pathway is called the fornix(=it is C-shaped group of fibers connecting the hippocampus with mammillary body, then to the anterior nuclei of thalamus 16 3/30/2023
LIMBIC SYSTEM Hippocampus(fornix): Fornix is consist of 2 fimbria, 2 crus, 1 body and 2 column.  the fornix is an important component of PAPEZ CIRCUIT(based on connecting connecting the hypothalamus with limbic lobe to control emotion 17 3/30/2023
LIMBIC SYSTEM amygdale: Site: almost shaped mass of nuclei that lies near( deep within) the temporal pole, close to the tail of the caudate nucleus. Function, the amygdale is involved in emotion, fear, anger, aggression, hormonal secretion. Connection of amygdale: Inputs(association areas of visual, auditory and somatosensory cortices), Outputs(hypothalamus, autonomic nuclei in the brain stem Lesion of the amygdale : lack of emotional responses and docility 18 3/30/2023
Functions of limbic system It control a variety of functions including:  Emotions,  Emotional responses  Behavior & Mood (happy, cry, laugh, sad, afraid, aggression, depression)  Motivation.  Memory.  Visceral & Motor responses involved in (sex, pleasure, hunger, and reproduction).  Olfaction. 19 3/30/2023
Lesions associated with limbic lobe disorders  Korsakoff’s psychosis (Retrograde = loss of new memories at the time of lesion with retained old memories & anterograde amnesia= inability to gain new memories)  Temporal lobe epilepsy  The hippocampus is a common focus site in epilepsy, and can be damaged through chronic seizures.  It is sometimes damaged in diseases such as herpes encephalitis,  Alzheimer’s disease: The hippocampus is one of the first brain areas to show damage in Alzheimer's disease  Schizophrenia.  Lesion in the Amygdaloidal nucleus causes loss of aggressive behavior, fear and anger  Bilateral lesion of the amygdaloidal and hippocampus causes increased appetite and abnormal hypersexual behavior 20 3/30/2023
21 3/30/2023
Lesions associate with reticular formation Lesions to major pathways of the reticular activating system can thus impair consciousness and severe damage can cause:  coma or a persistent vegetative state,  Parkinson’s disease  Schizophrenia  Secondary brain injury  Diffuse axona injury(DAI) 22 3/30/2023
REFERENCES 1. SNELL RS. Clinical Neuro-anatomy. 7th ed. 2. BRS Neuro-anatomy 3. Textbook of Anatomy : Head, Neck and Brain. (Vishram Sing)(z-lib.org) 1. Netter’s Atlas of Human Anatomy 6th edition 2. Teach me anatomy. 23 3/30/2023

More Related Content

limbic system.pptx

  • 1. KAMPALA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY- WC DEPARTMENT OF SURGERY ADVANCED ANATOMY II LIMBIC SYSTEM AND RETICULAR FORMATION Lecturer:- Dr Abdifatah Abdi Ali 1 3/30/2023
  • 3. INTRODUCTION Limbic system was a term loosely used to describe the part of the brain between the cerebral cortex and the hypothalamus, a little understood area of the brain. Today, it is known to play a vital role in emotion, behavior, memory and olfaction. 3 3/30/2023
  • 4. INTRODUCTION  The term "limbic" is from the Latin word Limbus, for "border" or "edge“, it is also means ring.  It separates the medial surface of the cerebral cortex from the diencephalon  It consists of a number of cortical & subcortical structures with looped connections that all project to the hypothalamus 4 3/30/2023
  • 5. COMPONENTS The limbic system is composed of: Nuclei Fiber bundles 5 3/30/2023
  • 6. COMPONENTS: Nuclei 1. Limbic lobes: 3 parts: Cingulate gyrus, Para-hippocampal gyrus, Uncus 2. Hyppocampal formation: hippocampus, Dentate gyrus 3. Mamillary body: Hypothalamus 4. Thalamus: Anterior nucleus, Medial nucleus 5. Prefrontal cortex 6. Amygdaloid nucleus 7. Septal area 8. Habenular nucleus 6 3/30/2023
  • 7. COMPONENTS: Nuclei 1. Limbic lobes: 3 parts: Cingulate gyrus, Para-hippocampal gyrus, Uncus 2. Hyppocampal formation: hippocampus, Dentate gyrus 3. Mamillary body: Hypothalamus 4. Thalamus: Anterior nucleus, Medial nucleus 5. Prefrontal cortex 6. Amygdaloid nucleus 7. Septal area 8. Habenular nucleus 7 3/30/2023
  • 8. COMPONENTS: Nuclei 1. Limbic lobes: 3 parts: Cingulate gyrus, Para-hippocampal gyrus, Uncus 2. Hyppocampal formation: hippocampus, Dentate gyrus 3. Mamillary body: Hypothalamus 4. Thalamus: Anterior nucleus, Medial nucleus 5. Prefrontal cortex 6. Amygdaloid nucleus 7. Septal area 8. Habenular nucleus 8 3/30/2023
  • 9. COMPONENTS: Nuclei 1. Limbic lobes: 3 parts: Cingulate gyrus, Para- hippocampal gyrus, Uncus 2. Hyppocampal formation: hippocampus, Dentate gyrus 3. Mamillary body: Hypothalamus 4. Thalamus: Anterior nucleus, Medial nucleus 5. Prefrontal cortex 6. Amygdaloid nucleus 7. Septal area 8. Habenular nucleus 9 3/30/2023
  • 10. COMPONENTS: Fiber bundles Connection between Nucleis Fiber bundle Limbic lobe Cingulum Hippocampus/Mamillary body Fornix Mamillary body/Anterior thalamic nucleus Mamillothalamic tract Medial thalamic nucleus/Prefrontal cortex Antero thalamic radiation Amygdaloid nucleus/septal area Stria terminalis Septal area/habernular nucleus Stria medullaris thalami 10 3/30/2023
  • 12. LIMBIC SYSTEM  components structures: limbic cortex(lobes), amygdala, Hippocampus and septal area. The structures form connections between the limbic system and the hypothalamus, thalamus and cerebral cortex The hippocampus ( in memory and learning), the limbic system( in the control of the emotional responses). 12 3/30/2023
  • 13. LIMBIC SYSTEM Cortical structures: Limbic lobe, Hippocampal formation, Septal areas(fornix connecting the hippocampus with mammillary bodies and septal nuclei and prefrontal area(olfactory cortex) 13 3/30/2023
  • 14. LIMBIC SYSTEM Limbic lobe: C-shaped ring of Grey matter on the medial side of each cerebral hemisphere, surrounding the corpus callosum. It includes: subcollosal area, cingulate gyrus, isthmus, parahippocampal, uncus 14 3/30/2023
  • 15. LIMBIC SYSTEM Hippocampus: it is a limbic system structure that involved in FOS( formation organization and storage of memories), important in forming new memories and connecting, emotions and senses such as smell and sound , to memories paired structures in each cerebral hemisphere. It is as a memory indexer by sending memories to the appropriate part of the cerebral hemisphere for long-term storage and retrieving them when necessary 15 3/30/2023
  • 16. LIMBIC SYSTEM Hippocampus: Site: scrolled ( infolding) structure in the inferomedial part of the temporal lobe Fonction: memory(file new memories as they occur) The hippocampus connection are necessary for consolidation of new short term memoies Its principal efferent pathway is called the fornix(=it is C-shaped group of fibers connecting the hippocampus with mammillary body, then to the anterior nuclei of thalamus 16 3/30/2023
  • 17. LIMBIC SYSTEM Hippocampus(fornix): Fornix is consist of 2 fimbria, 2 crus, 1 body and 2 column.  the fornix is an important component of PAPEZ CIRCUIT(based on connecting connecting the hypothalamus with limbic lobe to control emotion 17 3/30/2023
  • 18. LIMBIC SYSTEM amygdale: Site: almost shaped mass of nuclei that lies near( deep within) the temporal pole, close to the tail of the caudate nucleus. Function, the amygdale is involved in emotion, fear, anger, aggression, hormonal secretion. Connection of amygdale: Inputs(association areas of visual, auditory and somatosensory cortices), Outputs(hypothalamus, autonomic nuclei in the brain stem Lesion of the amygdale : lack of emotional responses and docility 18 3/30/2023
  • 19. Functions of limbic system It control a variety of functions including:  Emotions,  Emotional responses  Behavior & Mood (happy, cry, laugh, sad, afraid, aggression, depression)  Motivation.  Memory.  Visceral & Motor responses involved in (sex, pleasure, hunger, and reproduction).  Olfaction. 19 3/30/2023
  • 20. Lesions associated with limbic lobe disorders  Korsakoff’s psychosis (Retrograde = loss of new memories at the time of lesion with retained old memories & anterograde amnesia= inability to gain new memories)  Temporal lobe epilepsy  The hippocampus is a common focus site in epilepsy, and can be damaged through chronic seizures.  It is sometimes damaged in diseases such as herpes encephalitis,  Alzheimer’s disease: The hippocampus is one of the first brain areas to show damage in Alzheimer's disease  Schizophrenia.  Lesion in the Amygdaloidal nucleus causes loss of aggressive behavior, fear and anger  Bilateral lesion of the amygdaloidal and hippocampus causes increased appetite and abnormal hypersexual behavior 20 3/30/2023
  • 22. Lesions associate with reticular formation Lesions to major pathways of the reticular activating system can thus impair consciousness and severe damage can cause:  coma or a persistent vegetative state,  Parkinson’s disease  Schizophrenia  Secondary brain injury  Diffuse axona injury(DAI) 22 3/30/2023
  • 23. REFERENCES 1. SNELL RS. Clinical Neuro-anatomy. 7th ed. 2. BRS Neuro-anatomy 3. Textbook of Anatomy : Head, Neck and Brain. (Vishram Sing)(z-lib.org) 1. Netter’s Atlas of Human Anatomy 6th edition 2. Teach me anatomy. 23 3/30/2023

Editor's Notes