Natural resources.ppt
- 1. Natural Resources Essential Question- How do the different types of energy sources in North Carolina affect the environment, economy, and the region we live in?
- 2. Something to ponder ▪ The US has 6% of the world’s population, but we use 30% of the energy resources ▪ Rate of energy use > rate of pop growth ▪Agriculture has the biggest impact on resource depletion ▪Impacts air and water quality, ocean health, and greenhouse gasses. ▪Beef production demands more resources than any other livestock.
- 3. Renewable v. Nonrenewable ▪ Renewable resource –virtually limitless resource that can be replenished over a relatively short time span ▪ Trees, livestock, energy from water, wind, and the sun ▪Nonrenewable resource – resource that takes millions of years to form ▪When it runs out, that’s it….no more to be found
- 4. Conservation and Preservation ▪ The “smart” use of resources that ensures sustainability ▪ Resources are managed to make sure that they can be maintained for years to come ▪ Term was coined by a forester in 1907 ▪ Previously resources were either used with wild abandon or locked-up and not used at all
- 5. Resources humans use The 3 basic resources: Air, Water, and Land Humans make everything they need with these resources. This includes the most demanding POWER / ELECTRICITY!
- 7. Traditional Agriculture According to the North Carolina Department of Agriculture. ▪ Industry contributes $84 billion to the state economy ▪ 52,218 farms that make up 8,414,756 acres. ▪ Crops include Tobacco, Cotton, Soybeans, Corn, Peanuts, and Wheat. ▪ Livestock includes; hogs, cattle, and poultry. ▪ Top crop in Pasquotank county is Corn.
- 9. Environmental Impacts of Traditional Farming ▪ Depletion of water resources ▪ Pollution to local water supply ▪ Air pollution ▪ Increase sediment to rivers and streams ▪ Pesticides damaging local ecosystems ▪ Excess fertilizer runoff causes algae blooms
- 10. Environmental Impacts from Agriculture Magnitude- The widespread use of agricultural equipment can create problems at a great scale. Duration- Using the same plot of land for many years can have impacts on topsoil. Frequency- Seasonal inputs to streams and ecosystems can cause serious problems.
- 11. S
- 12. Contour Plowing
- 13. Sustainable agriculture ▪ Alternative tilling practices ▪ Row cropping ▪ Aquaculture ▪ Hydroponics ▪ Free range livestock ▪ Greenhouses
- 14. List some impacts from sustainable farming.
- 15. Fossil Fuels
- 16. Important Nonrenewables ▪ Fossil fuels ▪ Any hydrocarbon that may be used as a source of energy ▪ ~84% of US energy comes from fossil fuels ▪ Coal, petroleum, and natural gas
- 17. Coal ▪ Forms when heat and pressure transform really old dead plants ▪ 4 stages of development ▪ Peat ▪ Lignite ▪ Bituminous coal ▪ Anthracite ▪ Produces acid rain
- 18. 4 Stages of Coal ▪ Peat – partially decayed plant material ▪ Lignite – sedimentary rock called brown coal ▪ Bituminous coal – soft coal ▪ Anthracite (hard coal) – metamorphic rock ***notice the stages of the rock cycle within coal development****
- 20. Petroleum and Natural Gas ▪ Form from really old dead plants and animals that were buried under ancient seas
- 21. Tar Sands & Oil Shale ▪ Might become a good substitute for dwindling petroleum supplies ▪ Tar sands – mixture of clay + sand + water + bitumen (tar) ▪ Leaves lots of surface scarring from mining
- 22. Tar Sands & Oil Shale ▪ Oil shale – rock that is mined, heated, vaporized, and then refined to produce kerogen
- 23. Mineral Deposits ▪ Ore – any metallic mineral that can be mined at a profit ▪ Igneous formation ▪ Gold, silver, copper, mercury, lead, platinum, nickel ▪ Hydrothermal formation ▪ Great gold deposits ▪ Form during late stages of magma cooling
- 24. Mineral Deposits ▪ Placer deposits ▪ Form when eroded heavy minerals settle quickly from moving water while less dense particles remain suspended and continue to move ▪ CA and AK gold rush
- 25. Nonmetallic Mineral Resources ▪ 2 broad categories 1. Building materials such as stone, sand, and gravel 2. Industrial minerals such as limestone and sulfur
- 27. ▪ At our current rate of consumption, fossil fuels may only last 170 more years. ▪ As population , consumption
- 28. Solar Energy ▪ Advantages: ▪ Free ▪ No pollution ▪ Disadvantages: ▪ Expensive equipment ▪ Cloudy days Passive Collectors: sun heats objects, which radiate the heat Active Collectors: Collect sunlight, transfer heat by circulating air or liquids Solar Cells: convert sunlight
- 29. Biofuels ▪ Biomass (plants) converted directly into liquid fuels. ▪ Ethanol- alcohol made from fermenting sugars and starches from corn. ▪ Biodiesel- combining alcohol with vegetable oil or recycled cooking oil.
- 30. Biofuels Advantages: A clean alternative to fossil fuels Disadvantages: The process of growing crops consumes a lot of resources Fertilizers and Pesticides
- 31. Nuclear Energy ▪ Advantages: ▪ No emissions ▪ Inexpensive ▪ Disadvantages: ▪ Hazardous waste ▪ Increased building costs ▪ Potentially dangerous Nuclear fission: uranium atoms split when bombarded with neutrons, nuclei emit neutrons and heat energy = chain reaction
- 32. 3 Mile Island
- 33. Chernobyl
- 34. Wind Energy ▪ Advantages: ▪ Free ▪ Produces a lot of energy ▪ Disadvantages: ▪ Noise pollution ▪ Large tracts of land ▪ Bird migration Wind turns turbines to produce energy
- 35. Hydroelectric Power ▪ Advantages: ▪ Free ▪ No waste ▪ Disadvantages: ▪ Sediment build-up ▪ Limited site availability ▪ Flooding ▪ Fish migrations Water behind the dam is stored energy that is released through the dam to produce electricity
- 36. Fish Ladders
- 37. Geothermal Energy ▪ Advantages: ▪ Little environmental impact ▪ Disadvantages: ▪ Wells only last 10-15 years ▪ Not available in many locations Underground hot water is used for direct heat and to turn turbines to generate electricity
- 38. Tidal Power ▪ Advantages: ▪ Free ▪ Clean ▪ Disadvantages: ▪ Must have tidal range of at least 8 m and a narrow, enclosed bay Strong in-and-out flow turns turbines to produce electricity
- 39. 4.3: Water, Air, and Land Resources TSW investigate and analyze the importance and impact of the economic development of finite rock, mineral, soil, fossil fuel, and other natural resources to society and our daily life.
- 40. Water Resources ▪ Less than 1% of earth’s water is usable, fresh water ▪ So 7,340,733,900 people are fighting to use just a tiny bit of water
- 41. Water Pollution Cuyahoga River in Ohio
- 42. Water Pollution ▪ Point Source ▪ Pollution that comes from known and specific location ▪ Leaking storage tanks, sewage plants ▪ Nonpoint Source ▪ Pollution that does not have a specific point of origin ▪ List some examples of runoff.
- 43. Effects of Water Pollution ▪ Organ damage, birth defects, cancer, fish kills, algal blooms, and many more
- 44. Air Resources ▪ Chemical composition of the atmosphere helps maintain life on earth ▪ Ozone layer ▪ Protects earth from 95% of sun’s UV radiation ▪ Greenhouse gases (CO2, methane, water vapor) ▪ Help maintain earth’s temperature
- 45. Air Pollution ▪ Changes the chemical composition for the atmosphere and disrupts its natural cycles and functions It’s a funny cartoon but has an element of truth. Anybody remember the Beijing Olympics???
- 46. Air Pollution ▪ Fossil fuel emissions ▪ Most comes from vehicles and coal burning power plants ▪ Smog: Build up of pollution in cities. ▪ Acid rain: Carbonic acid in ocean water increase pH in atmospheric water vapor. ▪ Global warming – unnatural warming of the earth’s lower atmosphere
- 47. Effects of Air Pollution ▪ Asthma, cancer, emphysema, headaches, eye irritation ▪ EPA estimates that 200,000 deaths/year are associated with air pollution
- 48. Land Resources ▪ Includes soil, forests, mineral, and energy resources
- 49. Damage to Land Resources ▪ Mining ▪ Destroys vegetation, surface scarring, soil erosion, sediment build up in rivers and streams. Copper mine in Utah (Bingham Canyon) more than two miles wide and almost a mile deep
- 50. Damage to Land Resources ▪ Agriculture ▪ Heavy irrigation depletes groundwater and causes salinization
- 51. Damage to Land Resources ▪ Forestry ▪ Clear-cutting = removal of all trees in an area of forest ▪ Soil erosion ▪ ↓ species diversity
- 52. Damage to Land Resources ▪ Landfills ▪ Leaking landfills emit dangerous chemicals into soil and groundwater
- 53. 4.4: Protecting Resources TSW investigate and analyze the importance and impact of the economic development of finite rock, mineral, soil, fossil fuel, and other natural resources to society and our daily life.
- 54. Conservation and Pollution Prevention ▪ Conservation ▪ Careful use of resources ▪ Pollution prevention ▪ Stop pollutants from entering the environment ▪ Between 1940s and 1970s, severe environmental & pollution problems led to drastic policy changes
- 55. Clean Water Act ▪ Passed in 1972 ▪ Industries must reduce or eliminate point source pollutants into surface waters ▪ ↑ # of sewage treatment plants which led to ↓ amt of raw sewage in waterways
- 56. Clean Air Act ▪ Passed in 1970 ▪ Established National Ambient Air Quality Standards from 6 big pollutants ▪ If levels are exceeded, local officials must enact plans to reduce level or they get fined big money
- 57. Caring for Land Resources ▪ Soil conservation ▪ Help reduce topsoil loss and maintain soil fertility ▪ Contour plowing ▪ Strip cropping
- 58. Caring for Land Resources ▪ Composting ▪ Using partially decomposed organic material as fertilizer ▪ Resource Conservation & Recovery Act ▪ Guidelines for storing, moving, and disposing of hazardous waste
- 59. Human Population
- 60. Carrying capacity- Limiting Factors- Impacts of growing population-
- 64. EQ: What is the best way to clean up an oil spill? The Gulf Oil Spill
- 65. What is an oil spill? • The release of petroleum (oil) into the environment due to human activity • A form of water pollution
- 66. What happened? • April 20, 2010 • An explosion on the drilling platform in the Gulf of Mexico caused the rig to sink. • Oil began leaking into the Gulf creating the largest spill in American history. • ~205 million gallons released in 89 days
- 67. Wildlife Impact • Oil on animal’s bodies = difficult to breathe and move • Oil on birds = can’t fly or float • Oil that is eaten causes organ damage and death
- 68. Economic Impact • Tourism – beaches closed • Fishing Industry – 80,000 mi² fishing grounds closed
- 69. Clean Up Efforts • Containment: floating barriers called booms prevent spreading of oil • Dispersal: natural or chemicals • Remove oil from water – Controlled burns – Surface skimming – Manual clean up
- 70. Where has the oil gone? * as of August 1, 2010
- 71. The Oil Spill in Pictures